Chemicals

Showing 40951–41100 of 41137 results

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally-occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636,13678} H2S is synthesized naturally in a range of mammalian tissues principally by the activity of two enzymes, cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β synthetase (CBS). β-cyano-L-Alanine (BCA) is a reversible inhibitor of the H2S-synthesizing enzyme CSE.{16454} BCA blocks H2S synthesis in rat liver preparations with an IC50 value of 6.5 µM and increases blood pressure in anaesthetized rats induced with hemorrhagic shock by inhibiting endogenous H2S synthesis.{16094} BCA at 50 mg/kg blocked both L-cysteine- and LPS-induced hyperalgesia in rats.{16455}  

     

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    SKU:10010947 - 10 mg

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  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally-occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636,13678} H2S is synthesized naturally in a range of mammalian tissues principally by the activity of two enzymes, cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β synthetase (CBS). β-cyano-L-Alanine (BCA) is a reversible inhibitor of the H2S-synthesizing enzyme CSE.{16454} BCA blocks H2S synthesis in rat liver preparations with an IC50 value of 6.5 µM and increases blood pressure in anaesthetized rats induced with hemorrhagic shock by inhibiting endogenous H2S synthesis.{16094} BCA at 50 mg/kg blocked both L-cysteine- and LPS-induced hyperalgesia in rats.{16455}  

     

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    SKU:10010947 - 100 mg

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  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally-occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636,13678} H2S is synthesized naturally in a range of mammalian tissues principally by the activity of two enzymes, cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β synthetase (CBS). β-cyano-L-Alanine (BCA) is a reversible inhibitor of the H2S-synthesizing enzyme CSE.{16454} BCA blocks H2S synthesis in rat liver preparations with an IC50 value of 6.5 µM and increases blood pressure in anaesthetized rats induced with hemorrhagic shock by inhibiting endogenous H2S synthesis.{16094} BCA at 50 mg/kg blocked both L-cysteine- and LPS-induced hyperalgesia in rats.{16455}  

     

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    SKU:10010947 - 250 mg

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  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally-occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636,13678} H2S is synthesized naturally in a range of mammalian tissues principally by the activity of two enzymes, cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β synthetase (CBS). β-cyano-L-Alanine (BCA) is a reversible inhibitor of the H2S-synthesizing enzyme CSE.{16454} BCA blocks H2S synthesis in rat liver preparations with an IC50 value of 6.5 µM and increases blood pressure in anaesthetized rats induced with hemorrhagic shock by inhibiting endogenous H2S synthesis.{16094} BCA at 50 mg/kg blocked both L-cysteine- and LPS-induced hyperalgesia in rats.{16455}  

     

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    SKU:10010947 - 50 mg

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  • β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide that contains seven D-(+)-glucopyranose units and has been used to improve the aqueous solubility of various compounds, especially those containing a phenyl group.{26620,26432} The circular arrangement of its glucose units produces a torus-shaped ring configuration in which the CH2 groups and ether linkages of the molecule face the hollow interior, resulting in a nonpolar, hydrophobic cavity and a polar, hydrophilic exterior. When combined in solution with other compounds, the nonpolar aromatic portions of that compound interact with the nonpolar interior of the β-CD molecule, thus isolating the aromatic portion of the molecule from the water and thereby increasing its aqueous solubility.{26620,21228}  

     

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    SKU:23387 - 100 g

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  • β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide that contains seven D-(+)-glucopyranose units and has been used to improve the aqueous solubility of various compounds, especially those containing a phenyl group.{26620,26432} The circular arrangement of its glucose units produces a torus-shaped ring configuration in which the CH2 groups and ether linkages of the molecule face the hollow interior, resulting in a nonpolar, hydrophobic cavity and a polar, hydrophilic exterior. When combined in solution with other compounds, the nonpolar aromatic portions of that compound interact with the nonpolar interior of the β-CD molecule, thus isolating the aromatic portion of the molecule from the water and thereby increasing its aqueous solubility.{26620,21228}  

     

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    SKU:23387 - 25 g

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  • β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide that contains seven D-(+)-glucopyranose units and has been used to improve the aqueous solubility of various compounds, especially those containing a phenyl group.{26620,26432} The circular arrangement of its glucose units produces a torus-shaped ring configuration in which the CH2 groups and ether linkages of the molecule face the hollow interior, resulting in a nonpolar, hydrophobic cavity and a polar, hydrophilic exterior. When combined in solution with other compounds, the nonpolar aromatic portions of that compound interact with the nonpolar interior of the β-CD molecule, thus isolating the aromatic portion of the molecule from the water and thereby increasing its aqueous solubility.{26620,21228}  

     

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    SKU:23387 - 50 g

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  • β-D-Glucosamine pentaacetate is an N-acetylglucosamine derivative that has been shown to promote hyaluronic acid production.{29024,29025}  

     

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  • β-D-Glucosamine pentaacetate is an N-acetylglucosamine derivative that has been shown to promote hyaluronic acid production.{29024,29025}  

     

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  • β-D-Glucosamine pentaacetate is an N-acetylglucosamine derivative that has been shown to promote hyaluronic acid production.{29024,29025}  

     

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  • D-Glucose, a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in plants, is the primary energy source for living organisms.{14802} It is utilized as a metabolic intermediate by cells for either aerobic or anaerobic respiration. D-Glucose exists in two cyclic forms, α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose, based on the position of the substituent at the anomeric center.{19676} α-D-Glucose is the monomer unit in starch, whereas β-D-glucose is the monomer unit in cellulose.{19676} When one of these anomers is added to solution, it undergoes reversible epimerization to the other via an open-chain form, during which the specific rotation of the solution changes gradually until it reaches equilibrium. The existence of multiple binding modes of this single monosaccharide has been studied as a model scaffold to design compounds with increased probability of ligand binding.{27288}  

     

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  • D-Glucose, a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in plants, is the primary energy source for living organisms.{14802} It is utilized as a metabolic intermediate by cells for either aerobic or anaerobic respiration. D-Glucose exists in two cyclic forms, α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose, based on the position of the substituent at the anomeric center.{19676} α-D-Glucose is the monomer unit in starch, whereas β-D-glucose is the monomer unit in cellulose.{19676} When one of these anomers is added to solution, it undergoes reversible epimerization to the other via an open-chain form, during which the specific rotation of the solution changes gradually until it reaches equilibrium. The existence of multiple binding modes of this single monosaccharide has been studied as a model scaffold to design compounds with increased probability of ligand binding.{27288}  

     

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  • β-D-Ribofuranose 1,2,3,4-tetraacetate is a precursor in the synthesis of nucleosides with antiproliferative activity against cancer cells.{46967,46968}  

     

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    SKU:30408 - 10 g

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  • β-D-Ribofuranose 1,2,3,4-tetraacetate is a precursor in the synthesis of nucleosides with antiproliferative activity against cancer cells.{46967,46968}  

     

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    SKU:30408 - 25 g

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  • β-D-Ribofuranose 1,2,3,4-tetraacetate is a precursor in the synthesis of nucleosides with antiproliferative activity against cancer cells.{46967,46968}  

     

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    SKU:30408 - 5 g

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  • β-D-Ribofuranose 1,2,3,4-tetraacetate is a precursor in the synthesis of nucleosides with antiproliferative activity against cancer cells.{46967,46968}  

     

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    SKU:30408 - 50 g

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  • β-Defensin-4 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.{41472} It induces migration of monocytes in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 nM but does not affect migration of neutrophils and eosinophils.{38795} β-Defensin-4 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.{38796} It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-4 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cells in vitro when used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cells in vivo following a 500 ng intradermal dose.{38797} It also inhibits growth of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus with lethal concentration (LC) values of 5, 12, and 15 μM, respectively, of S. carnosus (MIC = 4.5 μg/ml), and of C. albicans with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 7.5 μM.{38795,38798}  

     

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    SKU:24579 - 100 µg

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  • β-Elemene is a monoterpene that has been found in C. sativa.{42314} It is intended for use as an analytical standard for the detection of β-elemene by GC- or LC-MS.  

     

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    SKU:19641 -

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  • β-Elemene is a monoterpene that has been found in C. sativa.{42314} It is intended for use as an analytical standard for the detection of β-elemene by GC- or LC-MS.  

     

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  • β-Elemene is a monoterpene that has been found in C. sativa.{42314} It is intended for use as an analytical standard for the detection of β-elemene by GC- or LC-MS.  

     

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    SKU:19641 -

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  • β-Elemene is a monoterpene that has been found in C. sativa.{42314} It is intended for use as an analytical standard for the detection of β-elemene by GC- or LC-MS.  

     

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    SKU:19641 -

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  • β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia (Burseraceae) that exhibits anticancer activity.{35033,35034} It inhibits growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells (IC50 = 6.92 µM) in vitro.{35034} β-Elemonic acid induces apoptosis and cytotoxicity in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner but has no effect on normal epithelial WI-38 cells. It inhibits phosphorylation of p42/44, MAPK/JNK, and p38 and induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression in vitro. β-Elemonic acid also inhibits prolyl endopeptidase (IC50 = 39.74 µM) in vitro.{35033}  

     

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    SKU:11712 - 1 mg

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  • β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia (Burseraceae) that exhibits anticancer activity.{35033,35034} It inhibits growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells (IC50 = 6.92 µM) in vitro.{35034} β-Elemonic acid induces apoptosis and cytotoxicity in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner but has no effect on normal epithelial WI-38 cells. It inhibits phosphorylation of p42/44, MAPK/JNK, and p38 and induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression in vitro. β-Elemonic acid also inhibits prolyl endopeptidase (IC50 = 39.74 µM) in vitro.{35033}  

     

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    SKU:11712 - 10 mg

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  • β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia (Burseraceae) that exhibits anticancer activity.{35033,35034} It inhibits growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells (IC50 = 6.92 µM) in vitro.{35034} β-Elemonic acid induces apoptosis and cytotoxicity in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner but has no effect on normal epithelial WI-38 cells. It inhibits phosphorylation of p42/44, MAPK/JNK, and p38 and induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression in vitro. β-Elemonic acid also inhibits prolyl endopeptidase (IC50 = 39.74 µM) in vitro.{35033}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:11712 - 25 mg

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  • β-Elemonic acid is a triterpene isolated from Boswellia (Burseraceae) that exhibits anticancer activity.{35033,35034} It inhibits growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells (IC50 = 6.92 µM) in vitro.{35034} β-Elemonic acid induces apoptosis and cytotoxicity in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner but has no effect on normal epithelial WI-38 cells. It inhibits phosphorylation of p42/44, MAPK/JNK, and p38 and induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and COX-2 expression in vitro. β-Elemonic acid also inhibits prolyl endopeptidase (IC50 = 39.74 µM) in vitro.{35033}  

     

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    SKU:11712 - 5 mg

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  • β-Endorphin (β-EP) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide with diverse biological activities.{37350} It is produced via piomelanocortin cleavage in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and in lymphocytes, then migrates to its sites of action which include plasma, gut, skin, placenta, cerebrospinal fluid, and cardiac tissues. β-EP induces concentration-dependent decreases in electrically stimulated contraction of the mouse vas deferens that can be reversed by the μ-opioid antagonist CTP and Δ-opioid antagonist ICI 174,864.{37351} In vivo, β-EP (5 μg, i.c.v.) slows gastrointestinal transit in mice. β-EP (0.5 or 5 μg, i.c.v.) stimulates food intake in rats for 4 to 6 hours, however, this effect is not prolonged with continuous infusion.{37352} It antagonizes the appetite-suppressive effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) for the first three days post administration. β-EP also reduces paralytic demyelination induced by the murine coronavirus MHV-JHM in immunocompetent, but not irradiated or immune-incompetent, mice and rats.{37353}  

     

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    SKU:24153 - 500 µg

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  • β-Estradiol 17-valerate is a synthetic estrogen. Formulations containing β-Estradiol 17-valerate in combination with dienogest (Item No. 21257) have been used to treat endometriosis.{37057} Clinical trials have shown improvement in pelvic pain and quality of life as well as reduced dysmenorrhea and bleeding following β-Estradiol 17-valerate administration.{37057},{37058} Formulations containing β-Estradiol 17-valerate have also been used in hormone replacement therapy post oophorectomy as they do not activate the renin-angiotensin system, thereby preventing cardiac hypertension often associated with synthetic estrogen therapies.{37059}  

     

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    SKU:22221 -

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  • β-Estradiol 17-valerate is a synthetic estrogen. Formulations containing β-Estradiol 17-valerate in combination with dienogest (Item No. 21257) have been used to treat endometriosis.{37057} Clinical trials have shown improvement in pelvic pain and quality of life as well as reduced dysmenorrhea and bleeding following β-Estradiol 17-valerate administration.{37057},{37058} Formulations containing β-Estradiol 17-valerate have also been used in hormone replacement therapy post oophorectomy as they do not activate the renin-angiotensin system, thereby preventing cardiac hypertension often associated with synthetic estrogen therapies.{37059}  

     

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    SKU:22221 -

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  • β-Estradiol 17-valerate is a synthetic estrogen. Formulations containing β-Estradiol 17-valerate in combination with dienogest (Item No. 21257) have been used to treat endometriosis.{37057} Clinical trials have shown improvement in pelvic pain and quality of life as well as reduced dysmenorrhea and bleeding following β-Estradiol 17-valerate administration.{37057},{37058} Formulations containing β-Estradiol 17-valerate have also been used in hormone replacement therapy post oophorectomy as they do not activate the renin-angiotensin system, thereby preventing cardiac hypertension often associated with synthetic estrogen therapies.{37059}  

     

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    SKU:22221 -

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  • β-Eudesmol is a sesquiterpene that has been found in a variety of plants, including Cannabis, and has diverse biological activities.{42303,36865} It is a noncompetitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that decreases the open time and opening frequency of nAChR channels when used at concentrations of 40 and 80 µM and increases the decay phase of depolarization when used at a concentration of 100 µM in isolated mouse diaphragm muscle.{36866} β-Eudesmol (50-100 µM) inhibits VEGF- and bFGF-induced proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).{36867} It also inhibits proliferation of HeLa, SGC-7901, and BEL-7402 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 µM and reduces tumor growth in H22 and S-180 mouse tumor models when administered at doses ranging from 2.5 to 5 mg/kg. β-Eudesmol is an agonist of the transient receptor potential (TRP) receptor subtypes TRPA1, TRPV3, and TRPM8 and increases food intake and plasma levels of ghrelin in rats.{36868,36869}  

     

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    SKU:25771 - 1 mg

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  • β-Eudesmol is a sesquiterpene that has been found in a variety of plants, including Cannabis, and has diverse biological activities.{42303,36865} It is a noncompetitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that decreases the open time and opening frequency of nAChR channels when used at concentrations of 40 and 80 µM and increases the decay phase of depolarization when used at a concentration of 100 µM in isolated mouse diaphragm muscle.{36866} β-Eudesmol (50-100 µM) inhibits VEGF- and bFGF-induced proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).{36867} It also inhibits proliferation of HeLa, SGC-7901, and BEL-7402 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 µM and reduces tumor growth in H22 and S-180 mouse tumor models when administered at doses ranging from 2.5 to 5 mg/kg. β-Eudesmol is an agonist of the transient receptor potential (TRP) receptor subtypes TRPA1, TRPV3, and TRPM8 and increases food intake and plasma levels of ghrelin in rats.{36868,36869}  

     

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    SKU:25771 - 500 µg

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  • β-Gal-NONOate is a nitric oxide (NO) donor which releases NO following activation by β-galactosidase.{9700} β-Gal-NONOate is stabile in aqueous solution at neutral and acidic pH for several hours, exhibits good water solubility, and is able to cross the cell membrane. Following enzymatic hydrolysis, β-Gal-NONOate decomposes with a half-life of six minutes at pH 5.6.{9700} β-Gal-NONOate is cytotoxic to a number of cancer cell-lines and exhibits high bactericidal activity against E. coli transformed with the β-galactosidase gene.{9700,14266}  

     

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    SKU:10009137 - 1 mg

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  • β-Gal-NONOate is a nitric oxide (NO) donor which releases NO following activation by β-galactosidase.{9700} β-Gal-NONOate is stabile in aqueous solution at neutral and acidic pH for several hours, exhibits good water solubility, and is able to cross the cell membrane. Following enzymatic hydrolysis, β-Gal-NONOate decomposes with a half-life of six minutes at pH 5.6.{9700} β-Gal-NONOate is cytotoxic to a number of cancer cell-lines and exhibits high bactericidal activity against E. coli transformed with the β-galactosidase gene.{9700,14266}  

     

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    SKU:10009137 - 10 mg

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  • β-Gal-NONOate is a nitric oxide (NO) donor which releases NO following activation by β-galactosidase.{9700} β-Gal-NONOate is stabile in aqueous solution at neutral and acidic pH for several hours, exhibits good water solubility, and is able to cross the cell membrane. Following enzymatic hydrolysis, β-Gal-NONOate decomposes with a half-life of six minutes at pH 5.6.{9700} β-Gal-NONOate is cytotoxic to a number of cancer cell-lines and exhibits high bactericidal activity against E. coli transformed with the β-galactosidase gene.{9700,14266}  

     

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    SKU:10009137 - 5 mg

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  • β-Glycerophosphate is a protein phosphatase inhibitor that acts as a phosphate group donor in matrix mineralization studies.{22569,22570,22571} It promotes bone matrix mineralization when delivered to osteoblasts by providing a source of phosphate ions.{22569} β-Glycerophosphate (10 mM) accelerates calcification of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells through an alkaline phosphatase-related mechanism.{22568}  

     

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  • β-Glycerophosphate is a protein phosphatase inhibitor that acts as a phosphate group donor in matrix mineralization studies.{22569,22570,22571} It promotes bone matrix mineralization when delivered to osteoblasts by providing a source of phosphate ions.{22569} β-Glycerophosphate (10 mM) accelerates calcification of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells through an alkaline phosphatase-related mechanism.{22568}  

     

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  • β-hydroxy 2C-B (hydrochloride) (Item No. 30520) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a phenethylamine. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.  

     

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    SKU:30520 - 1 mg

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  • β-hydroxy 2C-B (hydrochloride) (Item No. 30520) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a phenethylamine. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.  

     

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    SKU:30520 - 5 mg

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  • β-L-Gulopyranosyl-caldarchaetidyl-glycerol is the main polar lipid of the archaeon T. acidophilum.{42663} Cellular levels of β-L-gulopyranosyl-caldarchaetidyl-glycerol in T. acidophilum HO-62 positively and negatively correlate with increases in culture pH and temperature, respectively. β-L-gulopyranosyl-caldarchaetidyl-glycerol has been used as a standard for the quantification of polar lipids extracted from T. acidophilum HO-62. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1303]  

     

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    SKU:27203 - 1 mg

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  • β-L-Gulopyranosyl-caldarchaetidyl-glycerol is the main polar lipid of the archaeon T. acidophilum.{42663} Cellular levels of β-L-gulopyranosyl-caldarchaetidyl-glycerol in T. acidophilum HO-62 positively and negatively correlate with increases in culture pH and temperature, respectively. β-L-gulopyranosyl-caldarchaetidyl-glycerol has been used as a standard for the quantification of polar lipids extracted from T. acidophilum HO-62. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1303]  

     

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    SKU:27203 - 500 µg

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  • β-Lapachone is a natural quinone with diverse anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. It inhibits topoisomerase I at 25 μM and transglutaminase (IC50 = 5 μM).{22728,22726} In cancer cells which overexpress NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, β-lapachone is reduced to β-lapachone hydroquinone, which generates reactive oxygen species during its reversion to β-lapachone.{22729} This process sensitizes cancer cells to radiation, suppresses NF-κB activation, and drives apoptosis.{22729,22725,22727}  

     

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  • β-Lapachone is a natural quinone with diverse anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. It inhibits topoisomerase I at 25 μM and transglutaminase (IC50 = 5 μM).{22728,22726} In cancer cells which overexpress NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, β-lapachone is reduced to β-lapachone hydroquinone, which generates reactive oxygen species during its reversion to β-lapachone.{22729} This process sensitizes cancer cells to radiation, suppresses NF-κB activation, and drives apoptosis.{22729,22725,22727}  

     

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  • β-Lapachone is a natural quinone with diverse anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. It inhibits topoisomerase I at 25 μM and transglutaminase (IC50 = 5 μM).{22728,22726} In cancer cells which overexpress NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, β-lapachone is reduced to β-lapachone hydroquinone, which generates reactive oxygen species during its reversion to β-lapachone.{22729} This process sensitizes cancer cells to radiation, suppresses NF-κB activation, and drives apoptosis.{22729,22725,22727}  

     

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  • β-Lapachone is a natural quinone with diverse anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. It inhibits topoisomerase I at 25 μM and transglutaminase (IC50 = 5 μM).{22728,22726} In cancer cells which overexpress NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, β-lapachone is reduced to β-lapachone hydroquinone, which generates reactive oxygen species during its reversion to β-lapachone.{22729} This process sensitizes cancer cells to radiation, suppresses NF-κB activation, and drives apoptosis.{22729,22725,22727}  

     

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  • β-Mangostin is a xanthone originally isolated from G. mangostana with diverse biological activites.{39821,39822,39823,39824,39825,39826} It inhibits growth of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA; MICs = 6.25-12.5 and 6.25-25 μg/ml, respectively), P. falciparum (IC50 = 3 μg/ml), and M. tuberculosis (MIC = 6.25 μg/ml).{39821,39822,39823} β-Mangostin inhibits fatty acid synthase (FASN) with an IC50 value of 24.83 μM.{39824} It induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and intrinsic and mitochondrial apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.{39825} β-Mangostin also inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010) production in RAW264.7 cells and reduces neutrophil infiltration and TNF-α and IL-1β production in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced peritonitis.{39826}  

     

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    SKU:25071 - 1 mg

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  • β-Mangostin is a xanthone originally isolated from G. mangostana with diverse biological activites.{39821,39822,39823,39824,39825,39826} It inhibits growth of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA; MICs = 6.25-12.5 and 6.25-25 μg/ml, respectively), P. falciparum (IC50 = 3 μg/ml), and M. tuberculosis (MIC = 6.25 μg/ml).{39821,39822,39823} β-Mangostin inhibits fatty acid synthase (FASN) with an IC50 value of 24.83 μM.{39824} It induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and intrinsic and mitochondrial apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.{39825} β-Mangostin also inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010) production in RAW264.7 cells and reduces neutrophil infiltration and TNF-α and IL-1β production in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced peritonitis.{39826}  

     

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    SKU:25071 - 10 mg

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  • β-Mangostin is a xanthone originally isolated from G. mangostana with diverse biological activites.{39821,39822,39823,39824,39825,39826} It inhibits growth of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA; MICs = 6.25-12.5 and 6.25-25 μg/ml, respectively), P. falciparum (IC50 = 3 μg/ml), and M. tuberculosis (MIC = 6.25 μg/ml).{39821,39822,39823} β-Mangostin inhibits fatty acid synthase (FASN) with an IC50 value of 24.83 μM.{39824} It induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and intrinsic and mitochondrial apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.{39825} β-Mangostin also inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010) production in RAW264.7 cells and reduces neutrophil infiltration and TNF-α and IL-1β production in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced peritonitis.{39826}  

     

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    SKU:25071 - 5 mg

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  • β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a neurotoxic non-proteinogenic amino acid that has been found in cyanobacteria.{59025,59026} It is cytotoxic to mouse primary cortical neurons when used at a concentration of 3 mM in the presence of bicarbonate, an effect that can be blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 or the mGluR5 receptor antagonist MPEP (Item No. 14536).{59027} BMAA (3 mM) stimulates release of glutamate and induces oxidative stress in the same cells.{59028} It also enhances neuronal cell death induced by amyloid-β (25-35) in mouse primary cortical neurons when used at a concentration of 0.1 mM.{59027} Intracerebroventricular administration of BMAA (500 µg/animal) induces wet-dog shakes, rigidity, and clonic convulsions in rats.{59029} It induces parkinsonism in cynomolgus monkeys.{59030} BMAA has been found in commercial seafood.{59031}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23287 - 10 mg

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  • β-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a neurotoxic non-proteinogenic amino acid that has been found in cyanobacteria.{59025,59026} It is cytotoxic to mouse primary cortical neurons when used at a concentration of 3 mM in the presence of bicarbonate, an effect that can be blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 or the mGluR5 receptor antagonist MPEP (Item No. 14536).{59027} BMAA (3 mM) stimulates release of glutamate and induces oxidative stress in the same cells.{59028} It also enhances neuronal cell death induced by amyloid-β (25-35) in mouse primary cortical neurons when used at a concentration of 0.1 mM.{59027} Intracerebroventricular administration of BMAA (500 µg/animal) induces wet-dog shakes, rigidity, and clonic convulsions in rats.{59029} It induces parkinsonism in cynomolgus monkeys.{59030} BMAA has been found in commercial seafood.{59031}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23287 - 5 mg

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  • β-Muricholic acid (β-MCA) is a murine-specific primary bile acid.{30824,45190} Dietary administration of β-MCA reduces HMG-CoA reductase activity in liver microsomes from mice fed a high cholesterol and cholic acid diet.{33864} Dietary administration of β-MCA also dissolves 100% of gallstones in a gallstone-susceptible mouse model of diet-induced cholesterol gallstones.{33865}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20287 -

    Available on backorder

  • β-Muricholic acid (β-MCA) is a murine-specific primary bile acid.{30824,45190} Dietary administration of β-MCA reduces HMG-CoA reductase activity in liver microsomes from mice fed a high cholesterol and cholic acid diet.{33864} Dietary administration of β-MCA also dissolves 100% of gallstones in a gallstone-susceptible mouse model of diet-induced cholesterol gallstones.{33865}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20287 -

    Available on backorder

  • β-Muricholic acid (β-MCA) is a murine-specific primary bile acid.{30824,45190} Dietary administration of β-MCA reduces HMG-CoA reductase activity in liver microsomes from mice fed a high cholesterol and cholic acid diet.{33864} Dietary administration of β-MCA also dissolves 100% of gallstones in a gallstone-susceptible mouse model of diet-induced cholesterol gallstones.{33865}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20287 -

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  • β-Myrcene is a terpene that has been found in Cannabis and has antioxidative properties.{37666} It reduces thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and increases glutathione (GSH), catalase, GSH peroxidase, and CuZn superoxide dismutase levels in a rat model of persistent environmental pollutant-induced oxidative stress when administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg per day.{37667}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21720 -

    Out of stock

  • β-Myrcene is a terpene that has been found in Cannabis and has antioxidative properties.{37666} It reduces thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and increases glutathione (GSH), catalase, GSH peroxidase, and CuZn superoxide dismutase levels in a rat model of persistent environmental pollutant-induced oxidative stress when administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg per day.{37667}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21720 -

    Out of stock

  • β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+; Item No. 16077). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to generate β-NMN, which is subsequently converted to NAD+ by β-NMN adenyltransferase.{19182} At 50-100 µM, β-NMN has been used to enhance NAD biosynthesis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a Nampt+/- mouse model of metabolic disease, demonstrating a role for Nampt in β cell function.{19185} Furthermore, at 500 mg/kg/day, it has been shown to ameliorate glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mice by restoring NAD+ levels.{20366}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+; Item No. 16077). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to generate β-NMN, which is subsequently converted to NAD+ by β-NMN adenyltransferase.{19182} At 50-100 µM, β-NMN has been used to enhance NAD biosynthesis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a Nampt+/- mouse model of metabolic disease, demonstrating a role for Nampt in β cell function.{19185} Furthermore, at 500 mg/kg/day, it has been shown to ameliorate glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mice by restoring NAD+ levels.{20366}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+; Item No. 16077). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to generate β-NMN, which is subsequently converted to NAD+ by β-NMN adenyltransferase.{19182} At 50-100 µM, β-NMN has been used to enhance NAD biosynthesis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a Nampt+/- mouse model of metabolic disease, demonstrating a role for Nampt in β cell function.{19185} Furthermore, at 500 mg/kg/day, it has been shown to ameliorate glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mice by restoring NAD+ levels.{20366}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (β-NMN) is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+; Item No. 16077). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the condensation of nicotinamide with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to generate β-NMN, which is subsequently converted to NAD+ by β-NMN adenyltransferase.{19182} At 50-100 µM, β-NMN has been used to enhance NAD biosynthesis and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a Nampt+/- mouse model of metabolic disease, demonstrating a role for Nampt in β cell function.{19185} Furthermore, at 500 mg/kg/day, it has been shown to ameliorate glucose intolerance in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mice by restoring NAD+ levels.{20366}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • β-Nicotyrine is an alkaloid metabolite of nicotine as well as a major product of its pyrolysis.{26726,26727} It binds comparably to two cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 (Kis = 7.5 and 5.6 µM, respectively), which are prominently involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the airways.{26724} However, β-nicotyrine appears to more effectively inactivate CYP2A6, leaving only 49% activity after a 10 minute exposure with 20 µM β-nicotyrine, as opposed to 87% remaining activity for CYP2A13 treated identically.{26722} Presumably through this effect, β-nicotyrine inhibits DNA strand breaks induced by the genotoxic tobacco metabolite (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(2-pyridyl)-1-butanone), which is bioactivated by CYP2A isoforms.{26723}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

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  • β-Nicotyrine is an alkaloid metabolite of nicotine as well as a major product of its pyrolysis.{26726,26727} It binds comparably to two cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 (Kis = 7.5 and 5.6 µM, respectively), which are prominently involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the airways.{26724} However, β-nicotyrine appears to more effectively inactivate CYP2A6, leaving only 49% activity after a 10 minute exposure with 20 µM β-nicotyrine, as opposed to 87% remaining activity for CYP2A13 treated identically.{26722} Presumably through this effect, β-nicotyrine inhibits DNA strand breaks induced by the genotoxic tobacco metabolite (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(2-pyridyl)-1-butanone), which is bioactivated by CYP2A isoforms.{26723}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • β-Nicotyrine is an alkaloid metabolite of nicotine as well as a major product of its pyrolysis.{26726,26727} It binds comparably to two cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 (Kis = 7.5 and 5.6 µM, respectively), which are prominently involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the airways.{26724} However, β-nicotyrine appears to more effectively inactivate CYP2A6, leaving only 49% activity after a 10 minute exposure with 20 µM β-nicotyrine, as opposed to 87% remaining activity for CYP2A13 treated identically.{26722} Presumably through this effect, β-nicotyrine inhibits DNA strand breaks induced by the genotoxic tobacco metabolite (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(2-pyridyl)-1-butanone), which is bioactivated by CYP2A isoforms.{26723}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • β-Nicotyrine is an alkaloid metabolite of nicotine as well as a major product of its pyrolysis.{26726,26727} It binds comparably to two cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, CYP2A6 and CYP2A13 (Kis = 7.5 and 5.6 µM, respectively), which are prominently involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the airways.{26724} However, β-nicotyrine appears to more effectively inactivate CYP2A6, leaving only 49% activity after a 10 minute exposure with 20 µM β-nicotyrine, as opposed to 87% remaining activity for CYP2A13 treated identically.{26722} Presumably through this effect, β-nicotyrine inhibits DNA strand breaks induced by the genotoxic tobacco metabolite (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(2-pyridyl)-1-butanone), which is bioactivated by CYP2A isoforms.{26723}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • β-Ocimene is a monoterpene that has been found in a variety of plants and is a volatile compound involved in plant-plant signaling and plant defense against pests.{42453,42454} It is emitted by tea (C. sinensis) plants in response to a jasmonic acid combined with mechanical damage (JAMD) model of herbivore attack.{42453} β-Ocimene reduces the number of winged aphids (M. persicae) that settle on Chinese cabbage and the feeding time and number of nymphs produced by aphids on leaves.{42454} The aphid endoparasitoid A. gifuensis demonstrates a preference for β-ocimene-treated Chinese cabbage over control plants in a wind tube two-choice test. β-Ocimene (100-1,000 ppm) also has antioxidant activity in a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay.{2762}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23466 - 100 mg

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  • β-Ocimene is a monoterpene that has been found in a variety of plants and is a volatile compound involved in plant-plant signaling and plant defense against pests.{42453,42454} It is emitted by tea (C. sinensis) plants in response to a jasmonic acid combined with mechanical damage (JAMD) model of herbivore attack.{42453} β-Ocimene reduces the number of winged aphids (M. persicae) that settle on Chinese cabbage and the feeding time and number of nymphs produced by aphids on leaves.{42454} The aphid endoparasitoid A. gifuensis demonstrates a preference for β-ocimene-treated Chinese cabbage over control plants in a wind tube two-choice test. β-Ocimene (100-1,000 ppm) also has antioxidant activity in a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay.{2762}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23466 - 250 mg

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  • β-Ocimene is a monoterpene that has been found in a variety of plants and is a volatile compound involved in plant-plant signaling and plant defense against pests.{42453,42454} It is emitted by tea (C. sinensis) plants in response to a jasmonic acid combined with mechanical damage (JAMD) model of herbivore attack.{42453} β-Ocimene reduces the number of winged aphids (M. persicae) that settle on Chinese cabbage and the feeding time and number of nymphs produced by aphids on leaves.{42454} The aphid endoparasitoid A. gifuensis demonstrates a preference for β-ocimene-treated Chinese cabbage over control plants in a wind tube two-choice test. β-Ocimene (100-1,000 ppm) also has antioxidant activity in a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay.{2762}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23466 - 50 mg

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  • β-Ocimene is a monoterpene that has been found in a variety of plants and is a volatile compound involved in plant-plant signaling and plant defense against pests.{42453,42454} It is emitted by tea (C. sinensis) plants in response to a jasmonic acid combined with mechanical damage (JAMD) model of herbivore attack.{42453} β-Ocimene reduces the number of winged aphids (M. persicae) that settle on Chinese cabbage and the feeding time and number of nymphs produced by aphids on leaves.{42454} The aphid endoparasitoid A. gifuensis demonstrates a preference for β-ocimene-treated Chinese cabbage over control plants in a wind tube two-choice test. β-Ocimene (100-1,000 ppm) also has antioxidant activity in a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay.{2762}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23466 - 500 mg

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  • β-Pseudouridine is the C-5 glycoside isomer of the nucleoside uridine (Item No. 20300).{37180} It is formed when uridine in RNA undergoes site-specific isomerization by a pseudouridine synthase enzyme. β-pseudouridine is found in tRNAs from bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.{37181} In vitro, it reduces the number of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes isolated from whole blood in a dose-dependent manner.{37182}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23383 - 10 mg

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  • β-Pseudouridine is the C-5 glycoside isomer of the nucleoside uridine (Item No. 20300).{37180} It is formed when uridine in RNA undergoes site-specific isomerization by a pseudouridine synthase enzyme. β-pseudouridine is found in tRNAs from bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.{37181} In vitro, it reduces the number of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes isolated from whole blood in a dose-dependent manner.{37182}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23383 - 25 mg

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  • β-Pseudouridine is the C-5 glycoside isomer of the nucleoside uridine (Item No. 20300).{37180} It is formed when uridine in RNA undergoes site-specific isomerization by a pseudouridine synthase enzyme. β-pseudouridine is found in tRNAs from bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.{37181} In vitro, it reduces the number of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes isolated from whole blood in a dose-dependent manner.{37182}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:23383 - 5 mg

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  • β-Rubromycin is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces that has diverse biological activities.{49077} It inhibits the growth of HMO2, KATO-III, and MCF-7 cells with GI50 values of 0.5, 0.84, and ortho-quinone group, but it was revised to a para-quinone group in 2000 using organic and biosynthetic methods, as well as spectroscopic analysis.{49077,49076,49078}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:27477 - 1 mg

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  • β-Rubromycin is a bacterial metabolite originally isolated from Streptomyces that has diverse biological activities.{49077} It inhibits the growth of HMO2, KATO-III, and MCF-7 cells with GI50 values of 0.5, 0.84, and ortho-quinone group, but it was revised to a para-quinone group in 2000 using organic and biosynthetic methods, as well as spectroscopic analysis.{49077,49076,49078}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:27477 - 5 mg

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  • β-Secretase inhibitor IV is an inhibitor of β-site amyloid protein cleaving enzymes (BACE/β-secretase) 1 and 2 (IC50s = 15 and 230 nM for human BACE1 and 2, respectively).{16820} It has >500-fold selectivity for BACE1 and 2 over the aspartyl proteases renin and cathepsin D. β-Secretase inhibitor IV inhibits secretion of amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (APP; IC50 = 29 nM) in HEK293T cells transfected with a truncated APP. It also inhibits formation of the Aβ peptides Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in primary chick neurons (IC50s = 3.7, 4.7, and 4.8 nM, respectively).{40417}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23388 - 1 mg

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  • β-Secretase inhibitor IV is an inhibitor of β-site amyloid protein cleaving enzymes (BACE/β-secretase) 1 and 2 (IC50s = 15 and 230 nM for human BACE1 and 2, respectively).{16820} It has >500-fold selectivity for BACE1 and 2 over the aspartyl proteases renin and cathepsin D. β-Secretase inhibitor IV inhibits secretion of amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (APP; IC50 = 29 nM) in HEK293T cells transfected with a truncated APP. It also inhibits formation of the Aβ peptides Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in primary chick neurons (IC50s = 3.7, 4.7, and 4.8 nM, respectively).{40417}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23388 - 5 mg

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  • β-Secretase inhibitor IV is an inhibitor of β-site amyloid protein cleaving enzymes (BACE/β-secretase) 1 and 2 (IC50s = 15 and 230 nM for human BACE1 and 2, respectively).{16820} It has >500-fold selectivity for BACE1 and 2 over the aspartyl proteases renin and cathepsin D. β-Secretase inhibitor IV inhibits secretion of amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (APP; IC50 = 29 nM) in HEK293T cells transfected with a truncated APP. It also inhibits formation of the Aβ peptides Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in primary chick neurons (IC50s = 3.7, 4.7, and 4.8 nM, respectively).{40417}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:23388 - 500 µg

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  • The four tocopherols (α, β, δ, and γ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, δ, and γ) are forms of vitamin E, which is known for its antioxidant activity.{3679} Tocotrienols are found in high concentrations in palm oil and wheat germ. β-Tocotrienol is a less potent antioxidant than α-tocotrienol (Item No. 10008377).{3679} A high cholesterol diet supplemented with a mixture of α- and β-tocopherols and tocotrienols has been shown to lower hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester concentration and to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE+/- mice.{25617}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001533 - 1 mg

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  • The four tocopherols (α, β, δ, and γ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, δ, and γ) are forms of vitamin E, which is known for its antioxidant activity.{3679} Tocotrienols are found in high concentrations in palm oil and wheat germ. β-Tocotrienol is a less potent antioxidant than α-tocotrienol (Item No. 10008377).{3679} A high cholesterol diet supplemented with a mixture of α- and β-tocopherols and tocotrienols has been shown to lower hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester concentration and to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE+/- mice.{25617}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001533 - 10 mg

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  • The four tocopherols (α, β, δ, and γ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, δ, and γ) are forms of vitamin E, which is known for its antioxidant activity.{3679} Tocotrienols are found in high concentrations in palm oil and wheat germ. β-Tocotrienol is a less potent antioxidant than α-tocotrienol (Item No. 10008377).{3679} A high cholesterol diet supplemented with a mixture of α- and β-tocopherols and tocotrienols has been shown to lower hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester concentration and to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE+/- mice.{25617}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001533 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • The four tocopherols (α, β, δ, and γ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, δ, and γ) are forms of vitamin E, which is known for its antioxidant activity.{3679} Tocotrienols are found in high concentrations in palm oil and wheat germ. β-Tocotrienol is a less potent antioxidant than α-tocotrienol (Item No. 10008377).{3679} A high cholesterol diet supplemented with a mixture of α- and β-tocopherols and tocotrienols has been shown to lower hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester concentration and to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE+/- mice.{25617}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001533 - 5 mg

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  • β-Zearalenol is a hepatic metabolite of zearalenone (Item No. 11353), a mycotoxin produced by fungi in food and animal feeds.{20562,27394} It is a less potent agonist of estrogen receptors than the parent compound.{27392} However, β-zearalenol has pronounced effects on uterotropic activity and sperm acrosome reaction.{27393,27396,27395}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

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  • β-Zearalenol is a hepatic metabolite of zearalenone (Item No. 11353), a mycotoxin produced by fungi in food and animal feeds.{20562,27394} It is a less potent agonist of estrogen receptors than the parent compound.{27392} However, β-zearalenol has pronounced effects on uterotropic activity and sperm acrosome reaction.{27393,27396,27395}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • β-Zearalenol is a hepatic metabolite of zearalenone (Item No. 11353), a mycotoxin produced by fungi in food and animal feeds.{20562,27394} It is a less potent agonist of estrogen receptors than the parent compound.{27392} However, β-zearalenol has pronounced effects on uterotropic activity and sperm acrosome reaction.{27393,27396,27395}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • β-Zearalenol is a hepatic metabolite of zearalenone (Item No. 11353), a mycotoxin produced by fungi in food and animal feeds.{20562,27394} It is a less potent agonist of estrogen receptors than the parent compound.{27392} However, β-zearalenol has pronounced effects on uterotropic activity and sperm acrosome reaction.{27393,27396,27395}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • βARK1 inhibitor is an inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (GRK2/βARK1; IC50 = 126 µM).{43745} It is selective for GRK2/βARK1 over PKA at concentrations up to 1 mM. βARK1 inhibitor decreases systolic blood pressure in ob/ob and nicotinamide plus streptozotocin-induced mouse models of type 2 diabetes when administered at a dose of 200 µg/kg.{43746} It also improves clonidine-induced relaxation of precontracted isolated aortic rings and improves glucose tolerance in the ob/ob mouse model. βARK1 inhibitor inhibits dopamine inhibition reversal (DIR) induced by serotonin (Item No. 14332) or neurotensin (Item No. 24717) in the rat ventral tegmental area in vitro.{43747}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21751 -

    Out of stock

  • βARK1 inhibitor is an inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (GRK2/βARK1; IC50 = 126 µM).{43745} It is selective for GRK2/βARK1 over PKA at concentrations up to 1 mM. βARK1 inhibitor decreases systolic blood pressure in ob/ob and nicotinamide plus streptozotocin-induced mouse models of type 2 diabetes when administered at a dose of 200 µg/kg.{43746} It also improves clonidine-induced relaxation of precontracted isolated aortic rings and improves glucose tolerance in the ob/ob mouse model. βARK1 inhibitor inhibits dopamine inhibition reversal (DIR) induced by serotonin (Item No. 14332) or neurotensin (Item No. 24717) in the rat ventral tegmental area in vitro.{43747}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21751 -

    Out of stock

  • βARK1 inhibitor is an inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (GRK2/βARK1; IC50 = 126 µM).{43745} It is selective for GRK2/βARK1 over PKA at concentrations up to 1 mM. βARK1 inhibitor decreases systolic blood pressure in ob/ob and nicotinamide plus streptozotocin-induced mouse models of type 2 diabetes when administered at a dose of 200 µg/kg.{43746} It also improves clonidine-induced relaxation of precontracted isolated aortic rings and improves glucose tolerance in the ob/ob mouse model. βARK1 inhibitor inhibits dopamine inhibition reversal (DIR) induced by serotonin (Item No. 14332) or neurotensin (Item No. 24717) in the rat ventral tegmental area in vitro.{43747}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21751 -

    Out of stock

  • βARK1 inhibitor is an inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (GRK2/βARK1; IC50 = 126 µM).{43745} It is selective for GRK2/βARK1 over PKA at concentrations up to 1 mM. βARK1 inhibitor decreases systolic blood pressure in ob/ob and nicotinamide plus streptozotocin-induced mouse models of type 2 diabetes when administered at a dose of 200 µg/kg.{43746} It also improves clonidine-induced relaxation of precontracted isolated aortic rings and improves glucose tolerance in the ob/ob mouse model. βARK1 inhibitor inhibits dopamine inhibition reversal (DIR) induced by serotonin (Item No. 14332) or neurotensin (Item No. 24717) in the rat ventral tegmental area in vitro.{43747}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21751 -

    Out of stock

  • The major tocopherol obtained from natural dietary sources is γ-tocopherol, whereas α-tocopherol is the form of Vitamin E typically obtained from synthetic supplements. γ-CEHC is a β-oxidized metabolite of dietary γ-tocopherol that functions as a natriuretic hormone.{4779} It was initially purified and characterized from the urine of uremic patients, but it has since been found in urine from both control patients and those with congestive heart failure.{4010} γ-CEHC is also anti-inflammatory, reducing 8-isoprostane and inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis in rat models.{8680}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:89630 - 1 mg

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  • The major tocopherol obtained from natural dietary sources is γ-tocopherol, whereas α-tocopherol is the form of Vitamin E typically obtained from synthetic supplements. γ-CEHC is a β-oxidized metabolite of dietary γ-tocopherol that functions as a natriuretic hormone.{4779} It was initially purified and characterized from the urine of uremic patients, but it has since been found in urine from both control patients and those with congestive heart failure.{4010} γ-CEHC is also anti-inflammatory, reducing 8-isoprostane and inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis in rat models.{8680}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:89630 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • The major tocopherol obtained from natural dietary sources is γ-tocopherol, whereas α-tocopherol is the form of Vitamin E typically obtained from synthetic supplements. γ-CEHC is a β-oxidized metabolite of dietary γ-tocopherol that functions as a natriuretic hormone.{4779} It was initially purified and characterized from the urine of uremic patients, but it has since been found in urine from both control patients and those with congestive heart failure.{4010} γ-CEHC is also anti-inflammatory, reducing 8-isoprostane and inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis in rat models.{8680}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:89630 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • The major tocopherol obtained from natural dietary sources is γ-tocopherol, whereas α-tocopherol is the form of Vitamin E typically obtained from synthetic supplements. γ-CEHC is a β-oxidized metabolite of dietary γ-tocopherol that functions as a natriuretic hormone.{4779} It was initially purified and characterized from the urine of uremic patients, but it has since been found in urine from both control patients and those with congestive heart failure.{4010} γ-CEHC is also anti-inflammatory, reducing 8-isoprostane and inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis in rat models.{8680}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:89630 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • γ-Lindane is an organochloro insecticide that is an antagonist of GABAA receptors.{37358} It inhibits GABA-stimulated chloride uptake by membrane vesicles isolated from rat cerebral cortex (IC50 = 68 μM). It binds selectively to insect GABAA receptors over mammalian GABAA receptors in membrane preparations (IC50s = 1, 12, 505, 833, and 150-1, 675 nM for fruit fly, house fly, human, mouse, and rat, respectively).{37359,37360} It binds to a human recombinant β3 homooligomer with similar selectivity as α1β3γ2-containing receptors, indicating that the binding site for γ-lindane on GABAA receptors is located on the β3 subunit (IC50s = 0.90, 21, and 306 nM for β3, α1β3γ2, and the native receptor, respectively).{37361} γ-Lindane blocks GABA- and glutamate-induced current responses in American cockroach neurons (IC50s = 1.74 and 148 nM, respectively).{37362} It is toxic to mice and adult house flies (LD50s = 40 and 5.5 mg/kg, respectively) and also kills head lice in vitro and inhibits hatching.{37361,37363}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23952 - 100 mg

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  • γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak LTB4 receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki of 1 µM. GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:90220 - 1 g

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  • γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak LTB4 receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki of 1 µM. GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:90220 - 100 mg

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  • γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak LTB4 receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki of 1 µM. GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:90220 - 250 mg

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  • γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak LTB4 receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki of 1 µM. GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:90220 - 50 mg

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  • γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki value of 1 µM. GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361} GLA ethyl ester is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9000738 - 1 g

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  • γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki value of 1 µM. GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361} GLA ethyl ester is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9000738 - 100 mg

    Available on backorder

  • γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki value of 1 µM. GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361} GLA ethyl ester is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9000738 - 250 mg

    Available on backorder

  • γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki value of 1 µM. GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361} GLA ethyl ester is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9000738 - 50 mg

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  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that show distinct deficiency syndromes when not present in adequate amounts in the diet.{5525,8460} γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester (Methyl GLA) is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets and dietary supplements. GLA is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki of 1 µM.{2361} GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10006579 - 1 g

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  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that show distinct deficiency syndromes when not present in adequate amounts in the diet.{5525,8460} γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester (Methyl GLA) is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets and dietary supplements. GLA is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki of 1 µM.{2361} GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10006579 - 100 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that show distinct deficiency syndromes when not present in adequate amounts in the diet.{5525,8460} γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester (Methyl GLA) is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets and dietary supplements. GLA is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki of 1 µM.{2361} GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10006579 - 250 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients that show distinct deficiency syndromes when not present in adequate amounts in the diet.{5525,8460} γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester (Methyl GLA) is an esterified version of the free acid which is less water soluble but more amenable for the formulation of GLA-containing diets and dietary supplements. GLA is an ω-6 fatty acid which can be elongated to arachidonic acid for endogenous eicosanoid synthesis. It is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist, inhibiting [3H]-LTB4 binding to porcine neutrophil membranes with a Ki of 1 µM.{2361} GLA produces 53% inhibition at a 1 mg/kg dose in an in vivo model of LTB4-induced bronchoconstriction.{2361}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10006579 - 50 mg

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  • γ-Linolenoyl ethanolamide is a member of the family of fatty N-acyl ethanolamines collectively called endocannabinoids.{1202,1712,13153,22439} The relative importance of this ethanolamine metabolite has yet to be determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001747 - 10 mg

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  • γ-Linolenoyl ethanolamide is a member of the family of fatty N-acyl ethanolamines collectively called endocannabinoids.{1202,1712,13153,22439} The relative importance of this ethanolamine metabolite has yet to be determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001747 - 5 mg

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  • γ-Linolenoyl ethanolamide is a member of the family of fatty N-acyl ethanolamines collectively called endocannabinoids.{1202,1712,13153,22439} The relative importance of this ethanolamine metabolite has yet to be determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001747 - 50 mg

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  • γ-Mangostin is a xanthone that has been found in G. mangostana and has diverse biological activities.{48253,48254,48255,48256} It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) radicals in vitro with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM.{48253} γ-Mangostin is cytotoxic to HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW480 cancer cells and BEAS-2B non-cancerous pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro (IC50s = 7.39, 6.57, 10.07, 5.33, 8.4, and 7.43 μM, respectively).{48254} It inhibits LPS-induced expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner.{48255} Macrophage-conditioned media from macrophages pre-incubated with γ-mangostin (30 μM) prior to stimulation with LPS has a reduced ability to induce inflammation and insulin resistance in primary human adipocytes. γ-Mangostin (5 and 10 mg/kg) inhibits carbon tetrachloride-induced increases in serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and decreases in hepatic superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in a mouse model of liver fibrosis.{48256}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26675 - 10 mg

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  • γ-Mangostin is a xanthone that has been found in G. mangostana and has diverse biological activities.{48253,48254,48255,48256} It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) radicals in vitro with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM.{48253} γ-Mangostin is cytotoxic to HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW480 cancer cells and BEAS-2B non-cancerous pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro (IC50s = 7.39, 6.57, 10.07, 5.33, 8.4, and 7.43 μM, respectively).{48254} It inhibits LPS-induced expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner.{48255} Macrophage-conditioned media from macrophages pre-incubated with γ-mangostin (30 μM) prior to stimulation with LPS has a reduced ability to induce inflammation and insulin resistance in primary human adipocytes. γ-Mangostin (5 and 10 mg/kg) inhibits carbon tetrachloride-induced increases in serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and decreases in hepatic superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in a mouse model of liver fibrosis.{48256}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26675 - 25 mg

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  • γ-Mangostin is a xanthone that has been found in G. mangostana and has diverse biological activities.{48253,48254,48255,48256} It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) radicals in vitro with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM.{48253} γ-Mangostin is cytotoxic to HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW480 cancer cells and BEAS-2B non-cancerous pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro (IC50s = 7.39, 6.57, 10.07, 5.33, 8.4, and 7.43 μM, respectively).{48254} It inhibits LPS-induced expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner.{48255} Macrophage-conditioned media from macrophages pre-incubated with γ-mangostin (30 μM) prior to stimulation with LPS has a reduced ability to induce inflammation and insulin resistance in primary human adipocytes. γ-Mangostin (5 and 10 mg/kg) inhibits carbon tetrachloride-induced increases in serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and decreases in hepatic superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in a mouse model of liver fibrosis.{48256}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26675 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • γ-Mangostin is a xanthone that has been found in G. mangostana and has diverse biological activities.{48253,48254,48255,48256} It scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) radicals in vitro with an IC50 value of 23.6 μM.{48253} γ-Mangostin is cytotoxic to HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW480 cancer cells and BEAS-2B non-cancerous pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro (IC50s = 7.39, 6.57, 10.07, 5.33, 8.4, and 7.43 μM, respectively).{48254} It inhibits LPS-induced expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in human macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner.{48255} Macrophage-conditioned media from macrophages pre-incubated with γ-mangostin (30 μM) prior to stimulation with LPS has a reduced ability to induce inflammation and insulin resistance in primary human adipocytes. γ-Mangostin (5 and 10 mg/kg) inhibits carbon tetrachloride-induced increases in serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and decreases in hepatic superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in a mouse model of liver fibrosis.{48256}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26675 - 50 mg

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  • γ-Terpinene is a monoterpene that has been found in various plants, including C. sativa, with diverse biological activities.{41453,41930,36783,41931,41932,41933} It scavenges 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+) free radicals (IC50s = 2.8 and 30 mM, respectively) and reduces hemolysis induced by AAPH (Item No. 82235) in isolated human erythrocytes.{41930} γ-Terpinene reduces the growth of T. evansi in a concentration-dependent manner.{36783} It increases membrane permeability and decreases growth of X. oryzae bacteria.{41931} In vivo, γ-terpinene (100 mg/kg) reduces Triton WR1339-induced increases in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats.{41932} It reduces paw edema induced by histamine, bradykinin (Item No. 15539), carrageenan, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010) in mice.{41933} It also inhibits fluid extravasation in a mouse model of acetic acid microvascular permeability and reduces neutrophil migration in lung in a mouse model of acute lung injury.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23722 - 100 mg

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  • γ-Terpinene is a monoterpene that has been found in various plants, including C. sativa, with diverse biological activities.{41453,41930,36783,41931,41932,41933} It scavenges 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+) free radicals (IC50s = 2.8 and 30 mM, respectively) and reduces hemolysis induced by AAPH (Item No. 82235) in isolated human erythrocytes.{41930} γ-Terpinene reduces the growth of T. evansi in a concentration-dependent manner.{36783} It increases membrane permeability and decreases growth of X. oryzae bacteria.{41931} In vivo, γ-terpinene (100 mg/kg) reduces Triton WR1339-induced increases in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats.{41932} It reduces paw edema induced by histamine, bradykinin (Item No. 15539), carrageenan, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010) in mice.{41933} It also inhibits fluid extravasation in a mouse model of acetic acid microvascular permeability and reduces neutrophil migration in lung in a mouse model of acute lung injury.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23722 - 250 mg

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  • γ-Terpinene is a monoterpene that has been found in various plants, including C. sativa, with diverse biological activities.{41453,41930,36783,41931,41932,41933} It scavenges 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS+) free radicals (IC50s = 2.8 and 30 mM, respectively) and reduces hemolysis induced by AAPH (Item No. 82235) in isolated human erythrocytes.{41930} γ-Terpinene reduces the growth of T. evansi in a concentration-dependent manner.{36783} It increases membrane permeability and decreases growth of X. oryzae bacteria.{41931} In vivo, γ-terpinene (100 mg/kg) reduces Triton WR1339-induced increases in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats.{41932} It reduces paw edema induced by histamine, bradykinin (Item No. 15539), carrageenan, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010) in mice.{41933} It also inhibits fluid extravasation in a mouse model of acetic acid microvascular permeability and reduces neutrophil migration in lung in a mouse model of acute lung injury.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23722 - 500 mg

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  • γ-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E that has been found in rice bran and has diverse biological activities.{3679,14290} It reduces cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, S-nitrocysteine, SIN-1 (Item No. 82220), or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO; Item No. 14484) in rat striatal cultures when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 µM.{14290} γ-Tocotrienol (20 µM) induces apoptosis in malignant sympathoadrenal (+SA) mouse mammary epithelial cells.{14293} In vivo, γ-tocotrienol (15, 30, and 150 mg/kg) reduces blood pressure and plasma lipid peroxide levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats.{14294}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008494 - 1 mg

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  • γ-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E that has been found in rice bran and has diverse biological activities.{3679,14290} It reduces cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, S-nitrocysteine, SIN-1 (Item No. 82220), or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO; Item No. 14484) in rat striatal cultures when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 µM.{14290} γ-Tocotrienol (20 µM) induces apoptosis in malignant sympathoadrenal (+SA) mouse mammary epithelial cells.{14293} In vivo, γ-tocotrienol (15, 30, and 150 mg/kg) reduces blood pressure and plasma lipid peroxide levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats.{14294}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008494 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • γ-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E that has been found in rice bran and has diverse biological activities.{3679,14290} It reduces cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, S-nitrocysteine, SIN-1 (Item No. 82220), or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO; Item No. 14484) in rat striatal cultures when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 µM.{14290} γ-Tocotrienol (20 µM) induces apoptosis in malignant sympathoadrenal (+SA) mouse mammary epithelial cells.{14293} In vivo, γ-tocotrienol (15, 30, and 150 mg/kg) reduces blood pressure and plasma lipid peroxide levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats.{14294}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008494 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • γ-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E that has been found in rice bran and has diverse biological activities.{3679,14290} It reduces cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, S-nitrocysteine, SIN-1 (Item No. 82220), or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO; Item No. 14484) in rat striatal cultures when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 µM.{14290} γ-Tocotrienol (20 µM) induces apoptosis in malignant sympathoadrenal (+SA) mouse mammary epithelial cells.{14293} In vivo, γ-tocotrienol (15, 30, and 150 mg/kg) reduces blood pressure and plasma lipid peroxide levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats.{14294}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008494 - 5 mg

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  • γ-Valerolactone (Item No. 28240) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a prodrug form of γ-hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV; Item No. 28241).{34702} This product is intended for research and forensic applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28240 - 10 mg

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  • γ-Valerolactone (Item No. 28240) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a prodrug form of γ-hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV; Item No. 28241).{34702} This product is intended for research and forensic applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28240 - 50 mg

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  • Molecules having vitamin E antioxidant activity include four tocopherols (α, β, γ, δ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, γ, δ).{3679} One form, α-tocopherol has the highest biological activity based on fetal resorption assays.{14206} δ-CEHC is a major β-oxidation metabolite of δ-tocopherol.{4779,14205} Approximately 50% of a 3H-δ-tocopherol given as an intraperitoneal dose in rat is recovered in the urine as δ-CEHC, indicating this is the major route of metabolism.{14205}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007706 - 1 mg

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  • Molecules having vitamin E antioxidant activity include four tocopherols (α, β, γ, δ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, γ, δ).{3679} One form, α-tocopherol has the highest biological activity based on fetal resorption assays.{14206} δ-CEHC is a major β-oxidation metabolite of δ-tocopherol.{4779,14205} Approximately 50% of a 3H-δ-tocopherol given as an intraperitoneal dose in rat is recovered in the urine as δ-CEHC, indicating this is the major route of metabolism.{14205}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007706 - 10 mg

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  • Molecules having vitamin E antioxidant activity include four tocopherols (α, β, γ, δ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, γ, δ).{3679} One form, α-tocopherol has the highest biological activity based on fetal resorption assays.{14206} δ-CEHC is a major β-oxidation metabolite of δ-tocopherol.{4779,14205} Approximately 50% of a 3H-δ-tocopherol given as an intraperitoneal dose in rat is recovered in the urine as δ-CEHC, indicating this is the major route of metabolism.{14205}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007706 - 25 mg

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  • Molecules having vitamin E antioxidant activity include four tocopherols (α, β, γ, δ) and four tocotrienols (α, β, γ, δ).{3679} One form, α-tocopherol has the highest biological activity based on fetal resorption assays.{14206} δ-CEHC is a major β-oxidation metabolite of δ-tocopherol.{4779,14205} Approximately 50% of a 3H-δ-tocopherol given as an intraperitoneal dose in rat is recovered in the urine as δ-CEHC, indicating this is the major route of metabolism.{14205}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007706 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • δ-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E that has been found in rice bran and has diverse biological activities.{3679,14290,14291,58093} It reduces cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, S-nitrocysteine, SIN-1 (Item No. 82220), or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO; Item No. 14484) in rat striatal cultures when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 µM.{14290} δ-Tocotrienol (10 µM) reduces 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced surface expression of VCAM-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), as well as reduces 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced HAEC adhesion to U937 monocytes.{14291} It inhibits LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 cells. δ-Tocotrienol (60 mg/kg) increases the glomerular filtration rate and decreases renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a rat model of nephrotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A (Item No. 11439).{58094}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008513 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • δ-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E that has been found in rice bran and has diverse biological activities.{3679,14290,14291,58093} It reduces cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, S-nitrocysteine, SIN-1 (Item No. 82220), or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO; Item No. 14484) in rat striatal cultures when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 µM.{14290} δ-Tocotrienol (10 µM) reduces 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced surface expression of VCAM-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), as well as reduces 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced HAEC adhesion to U937 monocytes.{14291} It inhibits LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 cells. δ-Tocotrienol (60 mg/kg) increases the glomerular filtration rate and decreases renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a rat model of nephrotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A (Item No. 11439).{58094}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008513 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • δ-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E that has been found in rice bran and has diverse biological activities.{3679,14290,14291,58093} It reduces cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, S-nitrocysteine, SIN-1 (Item No. 82220), or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO; Item No. 14484) in rat striatal cultures when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 µM.{14290} δ-Tocotrienol (10 µM) reduces 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced surface expression of VCAM-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), as well as reduces 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced HAEC adhesion to U937 monocytes.{14291} It inhibits LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 cells. δ-Tocotrienol (60 mg/kg) increases the glomerular filtration rate and decreases renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a rat model of nephrotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A (Item No. 11439).{58094}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008513 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • δ-Tocotrienol is a form of vitamin E that has been found in rice bran and has diverse biological activities.{3679,14290,14291,58093} It reduces cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, S-nitrocysteine, SIN-1 (Item No. 82220), or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO; Item No. 14484) in rat striatal cultures when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 µM.{14290} δ-Tocotrienol (10 µM) reduces 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced surface expression of VCAM-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), as well as reduces 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced HAEC adhesion to U937 monocytes.{14291} It inhibits LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in RAW 264.7 cells. δ-Tocotrienol (60 mg/kg) increases the glomerular filtration rate and decreases renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a rat model of nephrotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A (Item No. 11439).{58094}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008513 - 5 mg

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  • Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the five primary enzymatic prostaglandins derived directly from PGH2. PGD2 is produced abundantly in the CSF by the lipocalin-type PGD synthase, and in the periphery by myeloid cells including mast cells and basophils by a second, hematopoietic-type PGD synthase. PGD2 is chemically unstable, and its use and analysis is complicated by its short in vivo half-life. Δ12-PGD2 is one of the initial chemical decomposition products of PGD2. Δ12-PGD2 is an intermediate in the pathway leading to Δ12-PGJ2, which is a cyclopentenone prostaglandin with antimitotic and carcinogenic activities.{870,334} The metabolism of Δ12-PGD2 involves addition of thiol nucleophiles, as is the case with the majority of cyclopentenone prostaglandins.{7193}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:12650 - 1 mg

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  • Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the five primary enzymatic prostaglandins derived directly from PGH2. PGD2 is produced abundantly in the CSF by the lipocalin-type PGD synthase, and in the periphery by myeloid cells including mast cells and basophils by a second, hematopoietic-type PGD synthase. PGD2 is chemically unstable, and its use and analysis is complicated by its short in vivo half-life. Δ12-PGD2 is one of the initial chemical decomposition products of PGD2. Δ12-PGD2 is an intermediate in the pathway leading to Δ12-PGJ2, which is a cyclopentenone prostaglandin with antimitotic and carcinogenic activities.{870,334} The metabolism of Δ12-PGD2 involves addition of thiol nucleophiles, as is the case with the majority of cyclopentenone prostaglandins.{7193}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:12650 - 10 mg

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  • Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the five primary enzymatic prostaglandins derived directly from PGH2. PGD2 is produced abundantly in the CSF by the lipocalin-type PGD synthase, and in the periphery by myeloid cells including mast cells and basophils by a second, hematopoietic-type PGD synthase. PGD2 is chemically unstable, and its use and analysis is complicated by its short in vivo half-life. Δ12-PGD2 is one of the initial chemical decomposition products of PGD2. Δ12-PGD2 is an intermediate in the pathway leading to Δ12-PGJ2, which is a cyclopentenone prostaglandin with antimitotic and carcinogenic activities.{870,334} The metabolism of Δ12-PGD2 involves addition of thiol nucleophiles, as is the case with the majority of cyclopentenone prostaglandins.{7193}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:12650 - 5 mg

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  • Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the five primary enzymatic prostaglandins derived directly from PGH2. PGD2 is produced abundantly in the CSF by the lipocalin-type PGD synthase, and in the periphery by myeloid cells including mast cells and basophils by a second, hematopoietic-type PGD synthase. PGD2 is chemically unstable, and its use and analysis is complicated by its short in vivo half-life. Δ12-PGD2 is one of the initial chemical decomposition products of PGD2. Δ12-PGD2 is an intermediate in the pathway leading to Δ12-PGJ2, which is a cyclopentenone prostaglandin with antimitotic and carcinogenic activities.{870,334} The metabolism of Δ12-PGD2 involves addition of thiol nucleophiles, as is the case with the majority of cyclopentenone prostaglandins.{7193}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:12650 - 500 µg

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  • Δ12-PGJ2 is a decomposition product of PGD2 in aqueous media in the presence of albumin.{1742} It has antitumor and antiviral activity, inhibiting growth of cultured L1210 cells at with an IC50 value of 0.7 µg/ml.{334} Δ12-PGJ2 is present in normal human urine with a 24 hour excretion rate of 50-150 ng.{1393} It is also a moderately potent PPARγ ligand.{1424}  

     

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  • Δ12-PGJ2 is a decomposition product of PGD2 in aqueous media in the presence of albumin.{1742} It has antitumor and antiviral activity, inhibiting growth of cultured L1210 cells at with an IC50 value of 0.7 µg/ml.{334} Δ12-PGJ2 is present in normal human urine with a 24 hour excretion rate of 50-150 ng.{1393} It is also a moderately potent PPARγ ligand.{1424}  

     

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    Cayman
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  • Δ12-PGJ2 is a decomposition product of PGD2 in aqueous media in the presence of albumin.{1742} It has antitumor and antiviral activity, inhibiting growth of cultured L1210 cells at with an IC50 value of 0.7 µg/ml.{334} Δ12-PGJ2 is present in normal human urine with a 24 hour excretion rate of 50-150 ng.{1393} It is also a moderately potent PPARγ ligand.{1424}  

     

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  • Δ14-Triamcinolone acetonide is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of triamcinolone acetonide.{35063} Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid.{43074} It decreases cytokine levels, the firing rate of sensory neurons, and mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat spinal nerve ligation model when used at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg prior to and following surgery for three days. Triamcinolone acetonide also decreases outflow facility in a mouse model of steroid-induced glaucoma when 20 µl of a 40 mg/ml suspension is administered subconjunctivally.{43075} Formulations containing triamcinolone acetonide are used in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9000087 - 1 mg

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  • Δ14-Triamcinolone acetonide is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of triamcinolone acetonide.{35063} Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid.{43074} It decreases cytokine levels, the firing rate of sensory neurons, and mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat spinal nerve ligation model when used at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg prior to and following surgery for three days. Triamcinolone acetonide also decreases outflow facility in a mouse model of steroid-induced glaucoma when 20 µl of a 40 mg/ml suspension is administered subconjunctivally.{43075} Formulations containing triamcinolone acetonide are used in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:9000087 - 10 mg

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  • Δ14-Triamcinolone acetonide is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of triamcinolone acetonide.{35063} Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid.{43074} It decreases cytokine levels, the firing rate of sensory neurons, and mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat spinal nerve ligation model when used at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg prior to and following surgery for three days. Triamcinolone acetonide also decreases outflow facility in a mouse model of steroid-induced glaucoma when 20 µl of a 40 mg/ml suspension is administered subconjunctivally.{43075} Formulations containing triamcinolone acetonide are used in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9000087 - 5 mg

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  • Δ14-Triamcinolone acetonide is a potential impurity found in commercial preparations of triamcinolone acetonide.{35063} Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid.{43074} It decreases cytokine levels, the firing rate of sensory neurons, and mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat spinal nerve ligation model when used at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg prior to and following surgery for three days. Triamcinolone acetonide also decreases outflow facility in a mouse model of steroid-induced glaucoma when 20 µl of a 40 mg/ml suspension is administered subconjunctivally.{43075} Formulations containing triamcinolone acetonide are used in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:9000087 - 500 µg

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  • Δ17-6-keto Prostaglandin F1α (Δ17-6-keto PGF1α) is a cyclooxygenase (COX) product of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in various tissues such as seminal vesicles, lung, Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and ocular tissues.{1144,1145} Δ17-6-keto PGF1α and other 3-series COX products from EPA, such as PGF3α, PGE3, and thromboxane B3, may be involved in the reduced incidence of glaucoma in patients on a marine-rich (EPA-rich) diet.  

     

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  • Δ17-6-keto Prostaglandin F1α (Δ17-6-keto PGF1α) is a cyclooxygenase (COX) product of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in various tissues such as seminal vesicles, lung, Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and ocular tissues.{1144,1145} Δ17-6-keto PGF1α and other 3-series COX products from EPA, such as PGF3α, PGE3, and thromboxane B3, may be involved in the reduced incidence of glaucoma in patients on a marine-rich (EPA-rich) diet.  

     

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    Cayman
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  • Δ17-6-keto Prostaglandin F1α (Δ17-6-keto PGF1α) is a cyclooxygenase (COX) product of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in various tissues such as seminal vesicles, lung, Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and ocular tissues.{1144,1145} Δ17-6-keto PGF1α and other 3-series COX products from EPA, such as PGF3α, PGE3, and thromboxane B3, may be involved in the reduced incidence of glaucoma in patients on a marine-rich (EPA-rich) diet.  

     

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  • Δ2-cis Eicosenoic acid is an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid that has been extracted from fresh water clams and purified. A related compound, 2-octadecenoic acid, has been shown to improve liver function and decrease blood sugar in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.{13726} Δ2-cis Eicosenoic acid and its salts have potential medicinal use for treating diabetes and improving lipid metabolism.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007602 - 10 mg

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  • Δ2-cis Eicosenoic acid is an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid that has been extracted from fresh water clams and purified. A related compound, 2-octadecenoic acid, has been shown to improve liver function and decrease blood sugar in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.{13726} Δ2-cis Eicosenoic acid and its salts have potential medicinal use for treating diabetes and improving lipid metabolism.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007602 - 100 mg

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  • Δ2-cis Eicosenoic acid is an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid that has been extracted from fresh water clams and purified. A related compound, 2-octadecenoic acid, has been shown to improve liver function and decrease blood sugar in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.{13726} Δ2-cis Eicosenoic acid and its salts have potential medicinal use for treating diabetes and improving lipid metabolism.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007602 - 5 mg

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  • Δ2-cis Eicosenoic acid is an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid that has been extracted from fresh water clams and purified. A related compound, 2-octadecenoic acid, has been shown to improve liver function and decrease blood sugar in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.{13726} Δ2-cis Eicosenoic acid and its salts have potential medicinal use for treating diabetes and improving lipid metabolism.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007602 - 50 mg

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  • One of the first organisms in which quorum sensing was observed were Myxobacteria, a group of gram-negative bacteria, found mainly in soil and also common to marine and freshwater systems. The cellular membranes of autotrophic bacteria contain mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The specific composition and abundance of membrane fatty acids can be used to identify specific genera of bacterial populations in natural environments (e.g., mining lakes, etc.). Δ2-cis-Hexadecenoic acid is an unusual fatty acid unique to some Myxococcus species.{20341}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11133 - 1 mg

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  • One of the first organisms in which quorum sensing was observed were Myxobacteria, a group of gram-negative bacteria, found mainly in soil and also common to marine and freshwater systems. The cellular membranes of autotrophic bacteria contain mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The specific composition and abundance of membrane fatty acids can be used to identify specific genera of bacterial populations in natural environments (e.g., mining lakes, etc.). Δ2-cis-Hexadecenoic acid is an unusual fatty acid unique to some Myxococcus species.{20341}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11133 - 10 mg

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  • One of the first organisms in which quorum sensing was observed were Myxobacteria, a group of gram-negative bacteria, found mainly in soil and also common to marine and freshwater systems. The cellular membranes of autotrophic bacteria contain mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The specific composition and abundance of membrane fatty acids can be used to identify specific genera of bacterial populations in natural environments (e.g., mining lakes, etc.). Δ2-cis-Hexadecenoic acid is an unusual fatty acid unique to some Myxococcus species.{20341}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:11133 - 5 mg

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  • Δ2-Doramectin is a doramectin degradation product formed by the reversible base-catalyzed isomerization of doramectin (Item No. 19467).{40425}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:25120 - 1 mg

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  • Δ2-Doramectin is a doramectin degradation product formed by the reversible base-catalyzed isomerization of doramectin (Item No. 19467).{40425}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:25120 - 5 mg

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