Chemicals
Showing 901–1050 of 41137 results
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(−)-(α)-Kainic acid is a cyclic analog of L-glutamate originally isolated from D. simplex that has neuroexcitatory activities.{55282} It binds to the homomeric kainate receptors GluK1, GluK2, GluK3, GluK4, and GluK5 (Kis = 75.9, 12.7, 32.8, 4.7, and 15 nM, respectively).{55283} (−)-(α)-Kainic acid (5 mM) induces calcium influx and membrane depolarization, as well as glutamate release, in rat brain synaptosomes.{55284} It induces chromatin condensation and nuclear membrane fragmentation, markers of apoptosis, in primary neonatal cerebellar granule neurons when used at a concentration of 100 µM.{55285} Intracerebroventricular administration of (−)-(α)-kainic acid induces convulsive behavior in rats (ED50 = 0.51 nmol/animal) and induces seizures in mice with a 50% convulsive dose (CD50) value of 0.39 nmol/animal.{41914} It has been commonly used to induce seizures in rodents.{55286,23784}
Brand:CaymanSKU:78050 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-(α)-Kainic acid is a cyclic analog of L-glutamate originally isolated from D. simplex that has neuroexcitatory activities.{55282} It binds to the homomeric kainate receptors GluK1, GluK2, GluK3, GluK4, and GluK5 (Kis = 75.9, 12.7, 32.8, 4.7, and 15 nM, respectively).{55283} (−)-(α)-Kainic acid (5 mM) induces calcium influx and membrane depolarization, as well as glutamate release, in rat brain synaptosomes.{55284} It induces chromatin condensation and nuclear membrane fragmentation, markers of apoptosis, in primary neonatal cerebellar granule neurons when used at a concentration of 100 µM.{55285} Intracerebroventricular administration of (−)-(α)-kainic acid induces convulsive behavior in rats (ED50 = 0.51 nmol/animal) and induces seizures in mice with a 50% convulsive dose (CD50) value of 0.39 nmol/animal.{41914} It has been commonly used to induce seizures in rodents.{55286,23784}
Brand:CaymanSKU:78050 - 50 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-6α-hydroxy Cannabidiol (Item No. 27576) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a phytocannabinoid metabolite.{52658} (−)-6α-hydroxy Cannabidiol is a metabolite of cannabidiol (CBD; Item Nos. ISO60156 | 90080). This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Brand:CaymanSKU:27576 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-6α-hydroxy Cannabidiol (Item No. 27576) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a phytocannabinoid metabolite.{52658} (−)-6α-hydroxy Cannabidiol is a metabolite of cannabidiol (CBD; Item Nos. ISO60156 | 90080). This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Brand:CaymanSKU:27576 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-Apomorphine is a non-selective dopamine receptor agonist that exhibits pKi values of 6.43, 7.08, 7.59, 8.36, and 7.83 for human recombinant D1, D2L, D3, D4, and D5 receptors, respectively.{21785,17063} It produces biphasic effects on locomotor activity and displays anti-parkinsonian and neuroprotective actions.{21785,21786,23301}
Brand:CaymanSKU:- (−)-Apomorphine is a non-selective dopamine receptor agonist that exhibits pKi values of 6.43, 7.08, 7.59, 8.36, and 7.83 for human recombinant D1, D2L, D3, D4, and D5 receptors, respectively.{21785,17063} It produces biphasic effects on locomotor activity and displays anti-parkinsonian and neuroprotective actions.{21785,21786,23301}
Brand:CaymanSKU:- (−)-Apomorphine is a non-selective dopamine receptor agonist that exhibits pKi values of 6.43, 7.08, 7.59, 8.36, and 7.83 for human recombinant D1, D2L, D3, D4, and D5 receptors, respectively.{21785,17063} It produces biphasic effects on locomotor activity and displays anti-parkinsonian and neuroprotective actions.{21785,21786,23301}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-
(–)-Bicuculline methochloride is an enantiomer of the GABA antagonist (+)-bicuculline methochloride.{45361} It increases the firing rate in rat cortical neurons similar to the (+) isomer but lacks GABA antagonist activity. (–)-Bicuculline methochloride inhibits sodium-independent GABA receptor binding with an IC50 value of 500 μM, which is approximately 100-fold less potent than (+)-bicuculline methochloride, but there is no stereoselectivity for sodium-dependent GABA receptor binding.{45362}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27802 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Bicuculline methochloride is an enantiomer of the GABA antagonist (+)-bicuculline methochloride.{45361} It increases the firing rate in rat cortical neurons similar to the (+) isomer but lacks GABA antagonist activity. (–)-Bicuculline methochloride inhibits sodium-independent GABA receptor binding with an IC50 value of 500 μM, which is approximately 100-fold less potent than (+)-bicuculline methochloride, but there is no stereoselectivity for sodium-dependent GABA receptor binding.{45362}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27802 - 25 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Bicuculline methochloride is an enantiomer of the GABA antagonist (+)-bicuculline methochloride.{45361} It increases the firing rate in rat cortical neurons similar to the (+) isomer but lacks GABA antagonist activity. (–)-Bicuculline methochloride inhibits sodium-independent GABA receptor binding with an IC50 value of 500 μM, which is approximately 100-fold less potent than (+)-bicuculline methochloride, but there is no stereoselectivity for sodium-dependent GABA receptor binding.{45362}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27802 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Bicuculline methochloride is an enantiomer of the GABA antagonist (+)-bicuculline methochloride.{45361} It increases the firing rate in rat cortical neurons similar to the (+) isomer but lacks GABA antagonist activity. (–)-Bicuculline methochloride inhibits sodium-independent GABA receptor binding with an IC50 value of 500 μM, which is approximately 100-fold less potent than (+)-bicuculline methochloride, but there is no stereoselectivity for sodium-dependent GABA receptor binding.{45362}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27802 - 50 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene originally found in A. canadense.{36773,36774} It is a positive allosteric modulator of α1β2γ2L subunit-containing GABAA receptors with an EC50 value of 237 µM for human recombinant receptors expressed in X. laevis oocytes.{36773} It increases the latency to first pentylenetetrazole- and maximal electroshock-induced seizure in mice when administered at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg.{36775} (–)-Borneol (300 mg/kg) also increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and increases the concentration of cisplatin reaching tumors in a mouse model of glioblastoma multiforme.{36776} Formulations containing (–)-borneol have been used as fragrance ingredients.
Brand:CaymanSKU:23468 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene originally found in A. canadense.{36773,36774} It is a positive allosteric modulator of α1β2γ2L subunit-containing GABAA receptors with an EC50 value of 237 µM for human recombinant receptors expressed in X. laevis oocytes.{36773} It increases the latency to first pentylenetetrazole- and maximal electroshock-induced seizure in mice when administered at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg.{36775} (–)-Borneol (300 mg/kg) also increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and increases the concentration of cisplatin reaching tumors in a mouse model of glioblastoma multiforme.{36776} Formulations containing (–)-borneol have been used as fragrance ingredients.
Brand:CaymanSKU:23468 - 50 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Caryophyllene oxide is a bicyclic sesquiterpene and a metabolite of β-caryophyllene that has been found in C. sativa and has anticancer properties.{34255,34256} Unlike β-caryophyllene, (−)-caryophyllene oxide does not bind to the cannabinoid (CB) receptor CB2 (Ki = >20 µM). It induces calcium currents in HL-60 cells expressing CB2 receptors but also does so in CB2-deficient cells. (−)-Caryophyllene oxide is cytotoxic to HepG2, AGS, HeLa, SNU-1 and SNU-16 cells (IC50s = 3.95, 12.6, 13.55, 16.79, and 27.39 µM, respectively).{37661} It is the volatile component of C. sativa sensed by narcotic detection dogs.{34255} Formulations containing (–)-caryophyllene have been used as flavoring agents.
Brand:CaymanSKU:21573 -Out of stock
(–)-Caryophyllene oxide is a bicyclic sesquiterpene and a metabolite of β-caryophyllene that has been found in C. sativa and has anticancer properties.{34255,34256} Unlike β-caryophyllene, (−)-caryophyllene oxide does not bind to the cannabinoid (CB) receptor CB2 (Ki = >20 µM). It induces calcium currents in HL-60 cells expressing CB2 receptors but also does so in CB2-deficient cells. (−)-Caryophyllene oxide is cytotoxic to HepG2, AGS, HeLa, SNU-1 and SNU-16 cells (IC50s = 3.95, 12.6, 13.55, 16.79, and 27.39 µM, respectively).{37661} It is the volatile component of C. sativa sensed by narcotic detection dogs.{34255} Formulations containing (–)-caryophyllene have been used as flavoring agents.
Brand:CaymanSKU:21573 -Out of stock
(−)-Catechin is a diastereoisomer of catechin having a trans 2S,3R configuration at the chiral center. Catechins, in general, are polyphenolic flavonoids that can be isolated from a variety of natural sources including tea leaves, grape seeds, and the wood and bark of trees such as acacia and mahogany. Catechins are potent antioxidants that inhibit the free radical-induced oxidation of isolated LDL by AAPH (Item No. 82235).{7442,7582} Catechins and other related procyanidin compounds have antitumor activity when tested in a two-stage mouse epidermal carcinoma model employing topical application.{7582}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
(−)-Catechin is a diastereoisomer of catechin having a trans 2S,3R configuration at the chiral center. Catechins, in general, are polyphenolic flavonoids that can be isolated from a variety of natural sources including tea leaves, grape seeds, and the wood and bark of trees such as acacia and mahogany. Catechins are potent antioxidants that inhibit the free radical-induced oxidation of isolated LDL by AAPH (Item No. 82235).{7442,7582} Catechins and other related procyanidin compounds have antitumor activity when tested in a two-stage mouse epidermal carcinoma model employing topical application.{7582}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
(−)-Catechin is a diastereoisomer of catechin having a trans 2S,3R configuration at the chiral center. Catechins, in general, are polyphenolic flavonoids that can be isolated from a variety of natural sources including tea leaves, grape seeds, and the wood and bark of trees such as acacia and mahogany. Catechins are potent antioxidants that inhibit the free radical-induced oxidation of isolated LDL by AAPH (Item No. 82235).{7442,7582} Catechins and other related procyanidin compounds have antitumor activity when tested in a two-stage mouse epidermal carcinoma model employing topical application.{7582}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
(−)-Catechin is a diastereoisomer of catechin having a trans 2S,3R configuration at the chiral center. Catechins, in general, are polyphenolic flavonoids that can be isolated from a variety of natural sources including tea leaves, grape seeds, and the wood and bark of trees such as acacia and mahogany. Catechins are potent antioxidants that inhibit the free radical-induced oxidation of isolated LDL by AAPH (Item No. 82235).{7442,7582} Catechins and other related procyanidin compounds have antitumor activity when tested in a two-stage mouse epidermal carcinoma model employing topical application.{7582}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
(–)-Catechin gallate ((–)-CG) is a catechin polyphenol that has been found in green tea extracts with diverse biological activities.{41817,41815,41818,41816} It inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and reduces VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in a concentration-dependent manner.{41817,41815} (–)-CG is a competitive inhibitor of the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4 (Ki = 90 μM) and inhibits methylglucose uptake by isolated rat adipocytes (IC50 = 50 μM).{41818} It is also lytic against T. cruzi amastigotes, with a 50% bactericidal concentration (MBC50) value of 48 pM.{41816}
Brand:CaymanSKU:24963 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Catechin gallate ((–)-CG) is a catechin polyphenol that has been found in green tea extracts with diverse biological activities.{41817,41815,41818,41816} It inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and reduces VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in a concentration-dependent manner.{41817,41815} (–)-CG is a competitive inhibitor of the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4 (Ki = 90 μM) and inhibits methylglucose uptake by isolated rat adipocytes (IC50 = 50 μM).{41818} It is also lytic against T. cruzi amastigotes, with a 50% bactericidal concentration (MBC50) value of 48 pM.{41816}
Brand:CaymanSKU:24963 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Catechin gallate ((–)-CG) is a catechin polyphenol that has been found in green tea extracts with diverse biological activities.{41817,41815,41818,41816} It inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and reduces VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in a concentration-dependent manner.{41817,41815} (–)-CG is a competitive inhibitor of the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4 (Ki = 90 μM) and inhibits methylglucose uptake by isolated rat adipocytes (IC50 = 50 μM).{41818} It is also lytic against T. cruzi amastigotes, with a 50% bactericidal concentration (MBC50) value of 48 pM.{41816}
Brand:CaymanSKU:24963 - 25 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Catechin gallate ((–)-CG) is a catechin polyphenol that has been found in green tea extracts with diverse biological activities.{41817,41815,41818,41816} It inhibits proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and reduces VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) in a concentration-dependent manner.{41817,41815} (–)-CG is a competitive inhibitor of the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4 (Ki = 90 μM) and inhibits methylglucose uptake by isolated rat adipocytes (IC50 = 50 μM).{41818} It is also lytic against T. cruzi amastigotes, with a 50% bactericidal concentration (MBC50) value of 48 pM.{41816}
Brand:CaymanSKU:24963 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Drimenol is a sesquiterpene alcohol originally isolated from B. trilobata that has antimicrobial and anticancer activities.{53146,53147,53148} It is active against the bacteria S. aureus, B. cereus, A. baumanii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa (MICs = 667, 667, 583, 1,333, and 667 µg/ml, respectively), as well as the fungi C. cucumerinum and S. tritici (IC50s = 6.6 and 80.1 µg/ml, respectively).{53146,53147} (–)-Drimenol decreases the proliferation of A2058 and A375 melanoma cell lines with IC50 values of 33.5 and 31.25 µg/ml, respectively.{53148}
Brand:CaymanSKU:29428 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Drimenol is a sesquiterpene alcohol originally isolated from B. trilobata that has antimicrobial and anticancer activities.{53146,53147,53148} It is active against the bacteria S. aureus, B. cereus, A. baumanii, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa (MICs = 667, 667, 583, 1,333, and 667 µg/ml, respectively), as well as the fungi C. cucumerinum and S. tritici (IC50s = 6.6 and 80.1 µg/ml, respectively).{53146,53147} (–)-Drimenol decreases the proliferation of A2058 and A375 melanoma cell lines with IC50 values of 33.5 and 31.25 µg/ml, respectively.{53148}
Brand:CaymanSKU:29428 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-G-lactone is a bicyclic γ-lactone prostaglandin chiral synthon and a building block.{53668,53669} It is a prostaglandin chiral synthon formed from an asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction.{53668} (–)-G-lactone has also been used as a building block in the synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors.{53669}
Brand:CaymanSKU:30488 - 1 gAvailable on backorder
(–)-G-lactone is a bicyclic γ-lactone prostaglandin chiral synthon and a building block.{53668,53669} It is a prostaglandin chiral synthon formed from an asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction.{53668} (–)-G-lactone has also been used as a building block in the synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors.{53669}
Brand:CaymanSKU:30488 - 250 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-G-lactone is a bicyclic γ-lactone prostaglandin chiral synthon and a building block.{53668,53669} It is a prostaglandin chiral synthon formed from an asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction.{53668} (–)-G-lactone has also been used as a building block in the synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors.{53669}
Brand:CaymanSKU:30488 - 5 gAvailable on backorder
(–)-G-lactone is a bicyclic γ-lactone prostaglandin chiral synthon and a building block.{53668,53669} It is a prostaglandin chiral synthon formed from an asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction.{53668} (–)-G-lactone has also been used as a building block in the synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors.{53669}
Brand:CaymanSKU:30488 - 500 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-Gallocatechin ((−)-GC) is an epimer of (−)-epigallocatechin ((−)-EGC; Item No. 11809). They are flavan-3-ols and members of the catechin family of polyphenolic antioxidants found in green tea and other plant extracts.{23119} Both (−)-GC and (−)-EGC are potent antioxidants and significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 and SW480 cancer cells.{23115,27615,23119} (−)-GC also inhibits the aggregation of amyloid β peptide in vitro (IC50 = 17.5 µM).{27617} With increasing temperature, the steaming of green tea leaves results in the reduction of 2,3-cis isomers, like (−)-EGC, and an increase in 2,3-trans isomers, like (−)-GC.{27615,27616}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Out of stock
(−)-Gallocatechin ((−)-GC) is an epimer of (−)-epigallocatechin ((−)-EGC; Item No. 11809). They are flavan-3-ols and members of the catechin family of polyphenolic antioxidants found in green tea and other plant extracts.{23119} Both (−)-GC and (−)-EGC are potent antioxidants and significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 and SW480 cancer cells.{23115,27615,23119} (−)-GC also inhibits the aggregation of amyloid β peptide in vitro (IC50 = 17.5 µM).{27617} With increasing temperature, the steaming of green tea leaves results in the reduction of 2,3-cis isomers, like (−)-EGC, and an increase in 2,3-trans isomers, like (−)-GC.{27615,27616}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Out of stock
(−)-Gallocatechin ((−)-GC) is an epimer of (−)-epigallocatechin ((−)-EGC; Item No. 11809). They are flavan-3-ols and members of the catechin family of polyphenolic antioxidants found in green tea and other plant extracts.{23119} Both (−)-GC and (−)-EGC are potent antioxidants and significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 and SW480 cancer cells.{23115,27615,23119} (−)-GC also inhibits the aggregation of amyloid β peptide in vitro (IC50 = 17.5 µM).{27617} With increasing temperature, the steaming of green tea leaves results in the reduction of 2,3-cis isomers, like (−)-EGC, and an increase in 2,3-trans isomers, like (−)-GC.{27615,27616}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Out of stock
(−)-Gallocatechin ((−)-GC) is an epimer of (−)-epigallocatechin ((−)-EGC; Item No. 11809). They are flavan-3-ols and members of the catechin family of polyphenolic antioxidants found in green tea and other plant extracts.{23119} Both (−)-GC and (−)-EGC are potent antioxidants and significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 and SW480 cancer cells.{23115,27615,23119} (−)-GC also inhibits the aggregation of amyloid β peptide in vitro (IC50 = 17.5 µM).{27617} With increasing temperature, the steaming of green tea leaves results in the reduction of 2,3-cis isomers, like (−)-EGC, and an increase in 2,3-trans isomers, like (−)-GC.{27615,27616}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Out of stock
(–)-Gallocatechin gallate ((–)-GCG) is a catechin polyphenol that has been found in oolong tea stems and green tea extracts with diverse biological activities.{37587,41815,37588,41816,37589} It inhibits histamine release from anti-egg albumin (EA) IgE antibody-sensitized rat peritoneal mast cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/ml.{37587} (–)-GCG reduces proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 22 μg/ml) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner.{41815} It also inhibits human placental aromatase activity (IC50 = 15 μM).{37588} (–)-GCG is lytic against T. cruzi amastigotes, with a 50% bactericidal concentration (MBC50) value of 0.12 pM.{41816} It also decreases RAW 264.7 osteoclastogenesis when used at a concentration of 20 μM.{37589}
Brand:CaymanSKU:24962 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Gallocatechin gallate ((–)-GCG) is a catechin polyphenol that has been found in oolong tea stems and green tea extracts with diverse biological activities.{37587,41815,37588,41816,37589} It inhibits histamine release from anti-egg albumin (EA) IgE antibody-sensitized rat peritoneal mast cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/ml.{37587} (–)-GCG reduces proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 22 μg/ml) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner.{41815} It also inhibits human placental aromatase activity (IC50 = 15 μM).{37588} (–)-GCG is lytic against T. cruzi amastigotes, with a 50% bactericidal concentration (MBC50) value of 0.12 pM.{41816} It also decreases RAW 264.7 osteoclastogenesis when used at a concentration of 20 μM.{37589}
Brand:CaymanSKU:24962 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Gallocatechin gallate ((–)-GCG) is a catechin polyphenol that has been found in oolong tea stems and green tea extracts with diverse biological activities.{37587,41815,37588,41816,37589} It inhibits histamine release from anti-egg albumin (EA) IgE antibody-sensitized rat peritoneal mast cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/ml.{37587} (–)-GCG reduces proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 22 μg/ml) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a concentration-dependent manner.{41815} It also inhibits human placental aromatase activity (IC50 = 15 μM).{37588} (–)-GCG is lytic against T. cruzi amastigotes, with a 50% bactericidal concentration (MBC50) value of 0.12 pM.{41816} It also decreases RAW 264.7 osteoclastogenesis when used at a concentration of 20 μM.{37589}
Brand:CaymanSKU:24962 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-Guaiol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that has been found in several traditional Chinese medicinal plants and has antiproliferative, pro-autophagic, insect repellent, and insecticidal biological activities.{39874,39872,39873} It selectively inhibits proliferation of A549 and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells over BEAS-2B normal lung cells (IC50s = 121.7, 211.5, and 297.1 μM, respectively).{39874} It also dose-dependently induces formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and autophagy in A549 and H1299 cells and increases levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 isoform II (LC3-II). (−)-Guaiol (8 mg/kg three times per week) inhibits tumor growth in an NSCLC mouse xenograft model. It deters A. aegypti and A. quadrimaculatus mosquitoes from feeding on a synthetic blood substitute with a biting-deterrent index (BDI) of 0.82 when used at a concentration of 25 nmol per cm2.{39872} (−)-Guaiol is also lethal to fourth instar M. separata and third instar P. xylostella larvae (LD50s = 0.07 and 8.9 mg/larva, respectively).{39873}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23172 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-Guaiol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that has been found in several traditional Chinese medicinal plants and has antiproliferative, pro-autophagic, insect repellent, and insecticidal biological activities.{39874,39872,39873} It selectively inhibits proliferation of A549 and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells over BEAS-2B normal lung cells (IC50s = 121.7, 211.5, and 297.1 μM, respectively).{39874} It also dose-dependently induces formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and autophagy in A549 and H1299 cells and increases levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 isoform II (LC3-II). (−)-Guaiol (8 mg/kg three times per week) inhibits tumor growth in an NSCLC mouse xenograft model. It deters A. aegypti and A. quadrimaculatus mosquitoes from feeding on a synthetic blood substitute with a biting-deterrent index (BDI) of 0.82 when used at a concentration of 25 nmol per cm2.{39872} (−)-Guaiol is also lethal to fourth instar M. separata and third instar P. xylostella larvae (LD50s = 0.07 and 8.9 mg/larva, respectively).{39873}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23172 - 25 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-Guaiol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that has been found in several traditional Chinese medicinal plants and has antiproliferative, pro-autophagic, insect repellent, and insecticidal biological activities.{39874,39872,39873} It selectively inhibits proliferation of A549 and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells over BEAS-2B normal lung cells (IC50s = 121.7, 211.5, and 297.1 μM, respectively).{39874} It also dose-dependently induces formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and autophagy in A549 and H1299 cells and increases levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 isoform II (LC3-II). (−)-Guaiol (8 mg/kg three times per week) inhibits tumor growth in an NSCLC mouse xenograft model. It deters A. aegypti and A. quadrimaculatus mosquitoes from feeding on a synthetic blood substitute with a biting-deterrent index (BDI) of 0.82 when used at a concentration of 25 nmol per cm2.{39872} (−)-Guaiol is also lethal to fourth instar M. separata and third instar P. xylostella larvae (LD50s = 0.07 and 8.9 mg/larva, respectively).{39873}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23172 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-Guaiol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that has been found in several traditional Chinese medicinal plants and has antiproliferative, pro-autophagic, insect repellent, and insecticidal biological activities.{39874,39872,39873} It selectively inhibits proliferation of A549 and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells over BEAS-2B normal lung cells (IC50s = 121.7, 211.5, and 297.1 μM, respectively).{39874} It also dose-dependently induces formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and autophagy in A549 and H1299 cells and increases levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 isoform II (LC3-II). (−)-Guaiol (8 mg/kg three times per week) inhibits tumor growth in an NSCLC mouse xenograft model. It deters A. aegypti and A. quadrimaculatus mosquitoes from feeding on a synthetic blood substitute with a biting-deterrent index (BDI) of 0.82 when used at a concentration of 25 nmol per cm2.{39872} (−)-Guaiol is also lethal to fourth instar M. separata and third instar P. xylostella larvae (LD50s = 0.07 and 8.9 mg/larva, respectively).{39873}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23172 - 50 mgAvailable on backorder
(−)-Huperzine A is a natural sesquiterpene alkaloid first isolated from Huperzia, a club moss used in Chinese medicine for its neuroprotective activity.{31509} It inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in rat cortex in vitro (IC50 = 82 nM) and displays oral AChE inhibitory activity in animals.{31509} (−)-Huperzine A has potential applications in a variety of neuroprotective roles, including protection against organophosphate nerve agents and ameliorating symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.{31509,31510}
Brand:CaymanSKU:- (−)-Huperzine A is a natural sesquiterpene alkaloid first isolated from Huperzia, a club moss used in Chinese medicine for its neuroprotective activity.{31509} It inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in rat cortex in vitro (IC50 = 82 nM) and displays oral AChE inhibitory activity in animals.{31509} (−)-Huperzine A has potential applications in a variety of neuroprotective roles, including protection against organophosphate nerve agents and ameliorating symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.{31509,31510}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-
(–)-Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, and an isomer of atropine (Item No. 12008).{43484,43485} (–)-Hyoscyamine inhibits the arterial depressor response induced by the muscarinic agonist methacholine in dogs.{43484} It is more effective than atropine at inhibiting EEG arousal in dogs following sciatic nerve stimulation when administered at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. (–)-Hyoscyamine induces convulsions in and is toxic to mice (LD50 = 95 mg/kg).{43485}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25644 - 1 gAvailable on backorder
(–)-Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, and an isomer of atropine (Item No. 12008).{43484,43485} (–)-Hyoscyamine inhibits the arterial depressor response induced by the muscarinic agonist methacholine in dogs.{43484} It is more effective than atropine at inhibiting EEG arousal in dogs following sciatic nerve stimulation when administered at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. (–)-Hyoscyamine induces convulsions in and is toxic to mice (LD50 = 95 mg/kg).{43485}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25644 - 250 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, and an isomer of atropine (Item No. 12008).{43484,43485} (–)-Hyoscyamine inhibits the arterial depressor response induced by the muscarinic agonist methacholine in dogs.{43484} It is more effective than atropine at inhibiting EEG arousal in dogs following sciatic nerve stimulation when administered at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. (–)-Hyoscyamine induces convulsions in and is toxic to mice (LD50 = 95 mg/kg).{43485}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25644 - 5 gAvailable on backorder
(–)-Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, and an isomer of atropine (Item No. 12008).{43484,43485} (–)-Hyoscyamine inhibits the arterial depressor response induced by the muscarinic agonist methacholine in dogs.{43484} It is more effective than atropine at inhibiting EEG arousal in dogs following sciatic nerve stimulation when administered at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. (–)-Hyoscyamine induces convulsions in and is toxic to mice (LD50 = 95 mg/kg).{43485}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25644 - 500 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Isocorypalmine is an isoquinoline alkaloid and a metabolite of L-tetrahydropalmitine (L-THP; Item No. 20535) that has been found in Corydalis and has diverse biological activities.{52469,52465,52466,52467,52468} It binds to human dopamine D1-5 receptors with Ki values of 6.2, 41.8, 37.3, 77.4, and 9.5 nM, respectively.{52465} (–)-Isocorypalmine inhibits Epstein-Barr virus-early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA; Item No. 10008014) in Raji cells (IC50 = 300 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA), which is predictive for anti-tumor activity.{52466} It is cytotoxic to A549, SKOV3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15 cancer cells (IC50s = 67.32, 47.37, 47.66, and 67.32 μM, respectively).{52467} (–)-Isocorypalmine is active against clinical strains of C. albicans, C. glabratas, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. neoformans (MICs = 40-320 μg/ml).{52468}
Brand:CaymanSKU:29886 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Isocorypalmine is an isoquinoline alkaloid and a metabolite of L-tetrahydropalmitine (L-THP; Item No. 20535) that has been found in Corydalis and has diverse biological activities.{52469,52465,52466,52467,52468} It binds to human dopamine D1-5 receptors with Ki values of 6.2, 41.8, 37.3, 77.4, and 9.5 nM, respectively.{52465} (–)-Isocorypalmine inhibits Epstein-Barr virus-early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA; Item No. 10008014) in Raji cells (IC50 = 300 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA), which is predictive for anti-tumor activity.{52466} It is cytotoxic to A549, SKOV3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15 cancer cells (IC50s = 67.32, 47.37, 47.66, and 67.32 μM, respectively).{52467} (–)-Isocorypalmine is active against clinical strains of C. albicans, C. glabratas, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. neoformans (MICs = 40-320 μg/ml).{52468}
Brand:CaymanSKU:29886 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Isopulegol is a monoterpene that has been found in the essential oils of several aromatic plants, including Cannabis, with diverse biological activities.{39870,36777,36778,36779,36780} It has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, and M. smegmatis (MICs = 0.78, 12.5, 0.78, and 1.56 μl/ml, respectively, in an agar diffusion assay) and antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger (MIC = 1.56 μl/ml for both in an agar diffusion assay).{36777} (–)-Isopulegol inhibits C. albicans morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation (MICs = 0.125, 4, and 0.25 mg/ml, respectively).{36778} In vivo, (–)-isopulegol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) increases immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests and increases the number of head dips in a hole board test and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice, indicating depressant- and anxiolytic-like activity.{36779} It reduces the size of ulcerated lesions in the stomach in mouse models of ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg.{36780}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23161 - 100 gAvailable on backorder
(–)-Isopulegol is a monoterpene that has been found in the essential oils of several aromatic plants, including Cannabis, with diverse biological activities.{39870,36777,36778,36779,36780} It has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, and M. smegmatis (MICs = 0.78, 12.5, 0.78, and 1.56 μl/ml, respectively, in an agar diffusion assay) and antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger (MIC = 1.56 μl/ml for both in an agar diffusion assay).{36777} (–)-Isopulegol inhibits C. albicans morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation (MICs = 0.125, 4, and 0.25 mg/ml, respectively).{36778} In vivo, (–)-isopulegol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) increases immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests and increases the number of head dips in a hole board test and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice, indicating depressant- and anxiolytic-like activity.{36779} It reduces the size of ulcerated lesions in the stomach in mouse models of ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg.{36780}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23161 - 25 gAvailable on backorder
(–)-Isopulegol is a monoterpene that has been found in the essential oils of several aromatic plants, including Cannabis, with diverse biological activities.{39870,36777,36778,36779,36780} It has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, and M. smegmatis (MICs = 0.78, 12.5, 0.78, and 1.56 μl/ml, respectively, in an agar diffusion assay) and antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger (MIC = 1.56 μl/ml for both in an agar diffusion assay).{36777} (–)-Isopulegol inhibits C. albicans morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation (MICs = 0.125, 4, and 0.25 mg/ml, respectively).{36778} In vivo, (–)-isopulegol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) increases immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests and increases the number of head dips in a hole board test and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice, indicating depressant- and anxiolytic-like activity.{36779} It reduces the size of ulcerated lesions in the stomach in mouse models of ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg.{36780}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23161 - 250 gAvailable on backorder
(–)-Isopulegol is a monoterpene that has been found in the essential oils of several aromatic plants, including Cannabis, with diverse biological activities.{39870,36777,36778,36779,36780} It has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, and M. smegmatis (MICs = 0.78, 12.5, 0.78, and 1.56 μl/ml, respectively, in an agar diffusion assay) and antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger (MIC = 1.56 μl/ml for both in an agar diffusion assay).{36777} (–)-Isopulegol inhibits C. albicans morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation (MICs = 0.125, 4, and 0.25 mg/ml, respectively).{36778} In vivo, (–)-isopulegol (50 mg/kg, i.p.) increases immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests and increases the number of head dips in a hole board test and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice, indicating depressant- and anxiolytic-like activity.{36779} It reduces the size of ulcerated lesions in the stomach in mouse models of ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg.{36780}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23161 - 50 gAvailable on backorder
(–)-Isoxanthohumol is an enantiomer of isoxanthohumol (Item No. 23233). It is found in similar amounts as (+)-isoxanthohumol in beer, where xanthohumol is converted to isoxanthohumol during the brewing process.{43206}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25105 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Isoxanthohumol is an enantiomer of isoxanthohumol (Item No. 23233). It is found in similar amounts as (+)-isoxanthohumol in beer, where xanthohumol is converted to isoxanthohumol during the brewing process.{43206}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25105 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Isoxanthohumol is an enantiomer of isoxanthohumol (Item No. 23233). It is found in similar amounts as (+)-isoxanthohumol in beer, where xanthohumol is converted to isoxanthohumol during the brewing process.{43206}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25105 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
The bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family of proteins, including BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, play a key role in many cellular processes, including inflammatory gene expression, mitosis, and viral/host interaction by controlling the assembly of histone acetylation-dependent chromatin complexes. (±)-JQ1 displaces BET proteins from chromatin by competitively binding to the acetyl-lysine recognition pocket of BET bromodomains.{19044,28490} The (−)-JQ1 stereoisomer has no appreciable affinity to BET bromodomains, whereas enantiomerically pure (+)-JQ1 binds to BRD4 bromodomains 1 and 2 with Kd values of ~50 and 90 nM, respectively.{19044}
Brand:CaymanSKU:11232 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
The bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family of proteins, including BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, play a key role in many cellular processes, including inflammatory gene expression, mitosis, and viral/host interaction by controlling the assembly of histone acetylation-dependent chromatin complexes. (±)-JQ1 displaces BET proteins from chromatin by competitively binding to the acetyl-lysine recognition pocket of BET bromodomains.{19044,28490} The (−)-JQ1 stereoisomer has no appreciable affinity to BET bromodomains, whereas enantiomerically pure (+)-JQ1 binds to BRD4 bromodomains 1 and 2 with Kd values of ~50 and 90 nM, respectively.{19044}
Brand:CaymanSKU:11232 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
The bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family of proteins, including BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, play a key role in many cellular processes, including inflammatory gene expression, mitosis, and viral/host interaction by controlling the assembly of histone acetylation-dependent chromatin complexes. (±)-JQ1 displaces BET proteins from chromatin by competitively binding to the acetyl-lysine recognition pocket of BET bromodomains.{19044,28490} The (−)-JQ1 stereoisomer has no appreciable affinity to BET bromodomains, whereas enantiomerically pure (+)-JQ1 binds to BRD4 bromodomains 1 and 2 with Kd values of ~50 and 90 nM, respectively.{19044}
Brand:CaymanSKU:11232 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-L-threo-PDMP is a ceramide analog and one of the four possible stereoisomers of PDMP (Item No. 62595).{11341} L-threo-PDMP is an enhancer of ganglioside biosynthesis.{11341,40478} It increases glucosylceramide synthase activity by 4 and 8% when used at concentrations of 5 and 2.5 µM, respectively, in an enzyme assay.{11341} L-threo-PDMP increases the activity of ganglioside GM3, GD3, and GQ1b synthases and increases the levels of glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and ganglioside GM3 in B16 melanoma cells.{40478,40479} It inhibits the growth of MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, SK-BR-3 cells with IC50 values of 4, 7, and 6 µM, respectively.{37415} L-threo-PDMP increases neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in vitro and improves retention of a long-term memory learned prior to forebrain ischemia in rats when administered following ischemia at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day.{40478} The L-threo-PDMP isomer is the glucosylceramide synthetase stimulatory component of DL-threo-PDMP (Item No. 10005276), while D-threo-PDMP (Item No. 10178) is the inhibitory component.{11341}
Brand:CaymanSKU:10005278 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-L-threo-PDMP is a ceramide analog and one of the four possible stereoisomers of PDMP (Item No. 62595).{11341} L-threo-PDMP is an enhancer of ganglioside biosynthesis.{11341,40478} It increases glucosylceramide synthase activity by 4 and 8% when used at concentrations of 5 and 2.5 µM, respectively, in an enzyme assay.{11341} L-threo-PDMP increases the activity of ganglioside GM3, GD3, and GQ1b synthases and increases the levels of glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and ganglioside GM3 in B16 melanoma cells.{40478,40479} It inhibits the growth of MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, SK-BR-3 cells with IC50 values of 4, 7, and 6 µM, respectively.{37415} L-threo-PDMP increases neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in vitro and improves retention of a long-term memory learned prior to forebrain ischemia in rats when administered following ischemia at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day.{40478} The L-threo-PDMP isomer is the glucosylceramide synthetase stimulatory component of DL-threo-PDMP (Item No. 10005276), while D-threo-PDMP (Item No. 10178) is the inhibitory component.{11341}
Brand:CaymanSKU:10005278 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-L-threo-PDMP is a ceramide analog and one of the four possible stereoisomers of PDMP (Item No. 62595).{11341} L-threo-PDMP is an enhancer of ganglioside biosynthesis.{11341,40478} It increases glucosylceramide synthase activity by 4 and 8% when used at concentrations of 5 and 2.5 µM, respectively, in an enzyme assay.{11341} L-threo-PDMP increases the activity of ganglioside GM3, GD3, and GQ1b synthases and increases the levels of glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and ganglioside GM3 in B16 melanoma cells.{40478,40479} It inhibits the growth of MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, SK-BR-3 cells with IC50 values of 4, 7, and 6 µM, respectively.{37415} L-threo-PDMP increases neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in vitro and improves retention of a long-term memory learned prior to forebrain ischemia in rats when administered following ischemia at a dose of 40 mg/kg per day.{40478} The L-threo-PDMP isomer is the glucosylceramide synthetase stimulatory component of DL-threo-PDMP (Item No. 10005276), while D-threo-PDMP (Item No. 10178) is the inhibitory component.{11341}
Brand:CaymanSKU:10005278 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-MK-801 is an NMDA receptor antagonist (Ki = 43 nM for inhibition of spermine binding) and an isomer of (+)-MK-801 (Item No. 10009019).{26258} In vivo, (–)-MK-801 blocks generalized seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy (ED50 = 0.85 mg/kg) and increases horizontal locomotor activity in mice (ED50 = 2.71 mg/kg).{45209} (–)-MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) decreases immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim tests in a mouse model of social defeat stress, indicating antidepressant-like activity.{45210} (–)-MK-801 also inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki values of 6.2 and 7.9 μM for electric eel and rat brain AChE, respectively.{45211}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27213 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-MK-801 is an NMDA receptor antagonist (Ki = 43 nM for inhibition of spermine binding) and an isomer of (+)-MK-801 (Item No. 10009019).{26258} In vivo, (–)-MK-801 blocks generalized seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy (ED50 = 0.85 mg/kg) and increases horizontal locomotor activity in mice (ED50 = 2.71 mg/kg).{45209} (–)-MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) decreases immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim tests in a mouse model of social defeat stress, indicating antidepressant-like activity.{45210} (–)-MK-801 also inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki values of 6.2 and 7.9 μM for electric eel and rat brain AChE, respectively.{45211}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27213 - 25 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-MK-801 is an NMDA receptor antagonist (Ki = 43 nM for inhibition of spermine binding) and an isomer of (+)-MK-801 (Item No. 10009019).{26258} In vivo, (–)-MK-801 blocks generalized seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy (ED50 = 0.85 mg/kg) and increases horizontal locomotor activity in mice (ED50 = 2.71 mg/kg).{45209} (–)-MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) decreases immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim tests in a mouse model of social defeat stress, indicating antidepressant-like activity.{45210} (–)-MK-801 also inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki values of 6.2 and 7.9 μM for electric eel and rat brain AChE, respectively.{45211}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27213 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-MK-801 is an NMDA receptor antagonist (Ki = 43 nM for inhibition of spermine binding) and an isomer of (+)-MK-801 (Item No. 10009019).{26258} In vivo, (–)-MK-801 blocks generalized seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy (ED50 = 0.85 mg/kg) and increases horizontal locomotor activity in mice (ED50 = 2.71 mg/kg).{45209} (–)-MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) decreases immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim tests in a mouse model of social defeat stress, indicating antidepressant-like activity.{45210} (–)-MK-801 also inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with Ki values of 6.2 and 7.9 μM for electric eel and rat brain AChE, respectively.{45211}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27213 - 50 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Nicotine is an alkaloid that has been found in tobacco.{26727} It is an agonist at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and binds to α3β4 and α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs with Ki values of 481 and 11.1 nM, respectively.{26727,18814} Chronic exposure to (–)-nicotine results in increased expression of certain nAChRs, particularly α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs.{48631} (–)-Nicotine has addictive properties.{18814,48631} Formulations containing (–)-nicotine have been used as smoking cessation aids for the relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
Brand:CaymanSKU:29138 - 10 gAvailable on backorder
(–)-Nicotine is an alkaloid that has been found in tobacco.{26727} It is an agonist at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and binds to α3β4 and α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs with Ki values of 481 and 11.1 nM, respectively.{26727,18814} Chronic exposure to (–)-nicotine results in increased expression of certain nAChRs, particularly α4β2 subunit-containing nAChRs.{48631} (–)-Nicotine has addictive properties.{18814,48631} Formulations containing (–)-nicotine have been used as smoking cessation aids for the relief of nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
Brand:CaymanSKU:29138 - 25 gAvailable on backorder
(−)-Nicotine is the dominant form of the natural alkaloid nicotine.{26727} It acts as an agonist of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and possesses addictive and teratogenic properties.{18814} (−)-(S)-Nicotine is significantly more active at binding nAChRs compared to the (+)-(R) antipode, thus nicotine is typically synthesized as (−)-(S)-nicotine with only 0.2-1% of the (+)-(R) isomer present.{26727}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20887 -Out of stock
(−)-Nicotine is the dominant form of the natural alkaloid nicotine.{26727} It acts as an agonist of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and possesses addictive and teratogenic properties.{18814} (−)-(S)-Nicotine is significantly more active at binding nAChRs compared to the (+)-(R) antipode, thus nicotine is typically synthesized as (−)-(S)-nicotine with only 0.2-1% of the (+)-(R) isomer present.{26727}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20887 -Out of stock
(−)-Nicotine is the dominant form of the natural alkaloid nicotine.{26727} It acts as an agonist of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and possesses addictive and teratogenic properties.{18814} (−)-(S)-Nicotine is significantly more active at binding nAChRs compared to the (+)-(R) antipode, thus nicotine is typically synthesized as (−)-(S)-nicotine with only 0.2-1% of the (+)-(R) isomer present.{26727}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20887 -Out of stock
(−)-Nicotine is the dominant form of the natural alkaloid nicotine.{26727} It acts as an agonist of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and possesses addictive and teratogenic properties.{18814} (−)-(S)-Nicotine is significantly more active at binding nAChRs compared to the (+)-(R) antipode, thus nicotine is typically synthesized as (−)-(S)-nicotine with only 0.2-1% of the (+)-(R) isomer present.{26727}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20887 -Out of stock
(–)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene alcohol that has been found in lavender essential oil and has diverse biological activities.{42761,42762,42763,42764} It reduces production of hydroperoxidienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner.{42762} (–)-Perillyl alcohol inhibits PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cell and H-Ras-transformed fibroblast growth when used at a concentration of 1 mM.{42763} It also inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans (MICs = 480-2,900 ppm).{42764}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21860 -Out of stock
(–)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene alcohol that has been found in lavender essential oil and has diverse biological activities.{42761,42762,42763,42764} It reduces production of hydroperoxidienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner.{42762} (–)-Perillyl alcohol inhibits PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cell and H-Ras-transformed fibroblast growth when used at a concentration of 1 mM.{42763} It also inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans (MICs = 480-2,900 ppm).{42764}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21860 -Out of stock
(–)-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene alcohol that has been found in lavender essential oil and has diverse biological activities.{42761,42762,42763,42764} It reduces production of hydroperoxidienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner.{42762} (–)-Perillyl alcohol inhibits PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cell and H-Ras-transformed fibroblast growth when used at a concentration of 1 mM.{42763} It also inhibits the growth of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans (MICs = 480-2,900 ppm).{42764}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21860 -Out of stock
(–)-Propoxyphene (hydrochloride) (Item No. 22769) is an analytical reference standard categorized as an opioid.{41179} This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Brand:CaymanSKU:22769 -Out of stock
(–)-Propoxyphene (hydrochloride) (Item No. 22769) is an analytical reference standard categorized as an opioid.{41179} This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Brand:CaymanSKU:22769 -Out of stock
(–)-Rolipram is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.22 µM for the guinea pig eosinophil enzyme) and an enantiomer of (±)-rolipram (Item No. 10011132).{52638} It enhances isoprenaline-induced cAMP accumulation in isolated guinea pig eosinophils (EC50 = 0.19 µM). (–)-Rolipram (1-1,000 µM) inhibits TNF and INF-γ production in L1402 CD4+ encephalitogenic rat T cells.{52639} It inhibits ovalbumin-induced contraction of tracheal rings isolated from ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs when used at a concentration of 1 µM.{52640} (–)-Rolipram inhibits ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs (ED50 = 0.25 mg/kg).
Brand:CaymanSKU:31111 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Rolipram is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.22 µM for the guinea pig eosinophil enzyme) and an enantiomer of (±)-rolipram (Item No. 10011132).{52638} It enhances isoprenaline-induced cAMP accumulation in isolated guinea pig eosinophils (EC50 = 0.19 µM). (–)-Rolipram (1-1,000 µM) inhibits TNF and INF-γ production in L1402 CD4+ encephalitogenic rat T cells.{52639} It inhibits ovalbumin-induced contraction of tracheal rings isolated from ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs when used at a concentration of 1 µM.{52640} (–)-Rolipram inhibits ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs (ED50 = 0.25 mg/kg).
Brand:CaymanSKU:31111 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Rolipram is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.22 µM for the guinea pig eosinophil enzyme) and an enantiomer of (±)-rolipram (Item No. 10011132).{52638} It enhances isoprenaline-induced cAMP accumulation in isolated guinea pig eosinophils (EC50 = 0.19 µM). (–)-Rolipram (1-1,000 µM) inhibits TNF and INF-γ production in L1402 CD4+ encephalitogenic rat T cells.{52639} It inhibits ovalbumin-induced contraction of tracheal rings isolated from ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs when used at a concentration of 1 µM.{52640} (–)-Rolipram inhibits ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs (ED50 = 0.25 mg/kg).
Brand:CaymanSKU:31111 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Rugulosin is a fungal metabolite that has been isolated from Penicillium species, including P. islandicum, which also produces the optical isomer and mycotoxin (+)-rugulosin (Item No. 23558).{37200} (–)-Rugulosin is 3-10-fold more cytotoxic to HeLa and L cells compared with (+)-rugulosin.{41880} It is protective against influenza in mice when administered via inhalation but not when administered intraperitoneally with 38.3 and 5% survival rates, respectively.{41881}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25477 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
(–)-Rugulosin is a fungal metabolite that has been isolated from Penicillium species, including P. islandicum, which also produces the optical isomer and mycotoxin (+)-rugulosin (Item No. 23558).{37200} (–)-Rugulosin is 3-10-fold more cytotoxic to HeLa and L cells compared with (+)-rugulosin.{41880} It is protective against influenza in mice when administered via inhalation but not when administered intraperitoneally with 38.3 and 5% survival rates, respectively.{41881}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25477 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder