ELISA Kits

Showing 1951–2100 of 3623 results

  • Necrosis is accompanied by mitochondrial swelling and increased plasma membrane permeability, while apoptosis involves an articulated breakdown of the cell into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a soluble cytosolic enzyme that is released into the culture medium following loss of membrane integrity resulting from cell- or compound-induced cytotoxicity. LDH activity, therefore, can be used as an indicator of cell membrane integrity and serve as a general means to assess cell viability by measuring plasma membrane permeability. Cayman’s LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit measures cell death in response to chemical compounds or environmental factors using a coupled two-step reaction. In the first step, LDH catalyzes the reduction of NAD+ to NADH and H+ by oxidation of lactate to pyruvate. In the second step of the reaction, diaphorase uses the newly-formed NADH and H+ to catalyze the reduction of a tetrazolium salt (INT) to highly-colored formazan which absorbs strongly at 490-520 nm.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:601170 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Cholesterol is an essential element of cell membranes and is carried around the body packaged in lipoproteins, primarily low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). The LDL receptors (LDLRs) are cell surface glycoproteins that scavenge LDL from the blood and regulate plasma LDL cholesterol. LDLRs contain five primary domains: the ligand binding domain, the homology with the EGF precursor domain, the O-linked sugars domain, the membrane-spanning region, and a cytoplasmic tail.{13847} In humans, more than 60% of the LDL R3 are found in the liver.{13846} LDLR expression is under hormonal control both in vivo and in vitro. Mutations in the LDLR gene cause disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.{13847} Murine LDLR is 864 amino acids in length with an estimated molecular weight of 95 kDa. The protein is highly glycosylated through N- and O-linkages and thus migrates at 100 to 160 kDa bands on SDS-PAGE.{13847} Cayman’s LDL receptor polyclonal antibody detects both glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins in tissue/cell samples such as liver, HepG2, and RAW 264.7 cells.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007665 - 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Cholesterol is an essential element of cell membranes and is carried around the body packaged in lipoproteins, primarily low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). The LDL receptors (LDLRs) are cell surface glycoproteins that scavenge LDL from the blood and regulate plasma LDL cholesterol. LDLRs contain five primary domains: the ligand binding domain, the homology with the EGF precursor domain, the O-linked sugars domain, the membrane-spanning region, and a cytoplasmic tail.{13847} In humans, more than 60% of the LDL R3 is found in the liver.{13846} LDLR expression is under hormonal control both in vivo and in vitro. Mutations in the LDLR gene cause disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.{13847} Murine LDLR is 864 amino acids in length with an estimated molecular weight of 95 kDa. The protein is highly glycosylated through N- and O-linkages and thus migrates at 100 to 160 kDa bands on SDS-PAGE.{13847} Cayman’s LDL receptor polyclonal antibody detects both glycosylated and unglycosylated proteins in tissue/cell samples such as liver, HepG2, and RAW 264.7 cells.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22727 - 50 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is the major carrier of cholesterol in the blood, accounting for more than 60% of total plasma cholesterol. LDL is taken up by hepatic and extrahepatic tissues through LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis where it is internalized and degraded to free cholesterol and amino acids. Uptake of native and oxidized LDL by monocyte-derived macrophages in the vessel wall results in accumulation of cholesterol and formation of atherosclerotic plaques. The mechanism underlying the uptake of LDL by both hepatic tissue and cells of the cardiovascular system is not clearly understood. Thus, LDL uptake and its regulation are important therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis and related diseases. Cayman’s LDL Uptake Cell-Based Assay Kit provides a convenient tool for studying LDL uptake and regulation at cellular level. The kit employs human LDL conjugated to DyLight™ 550 as a fluorescent probe for detection of LDL uptake into cultured cells. A LDL receptor-specific polyclonal antibody and a DyLight™ 488-conjugated secondary antibody are included for identifying the distribution of LDL receptors.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10011125 - 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Cayman’s LDL Uptake Flow Cytometry Assay Kit employs human LDL conjugated to DyLight™ 488 as a convenient tool for studying the uptake of LDL in cultured cells. Flow cytometry provides the advantage of assessing the uptake of LDL at the single-cell level. In addition, multiplexing with other markers, such as LDLR expression, is possible to gain more information from a single experiment. Lovastatin is included in this kit as a control modulator of LDL uptake by hepatocytes. The reagents provided in this kit are sufficient to test 48 samples by flow cytometry.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:601470 - 48 tests

    Available on backorder

  • Leptin, the product of the ob (obese) gene, is produced mainly in the adipose tissue, and is considered to play an important role in appetite control, fat metabolism, and body weight regulation. The primary effect of leptin appears to be mediated by leptin receptors expressed mainly in the hypothalamus. In humans, leptin levels correlate with body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat, and are elevated even in obese individuals. Leptin has a dual action; it decreases the appetite and increases energy consumption. Leptin is secreted in circadian fashion with nocturnal rise in both lean and obese patients. Mutations of the ob gene resulting in leptin deficiency are the cause of obesity in the ob/ob mice suggesting that endogeneous leptin can normalize their body weight. In contrast, human obese subjects may have high level of leptin, indicating a mechanism of leptin resistance. This Enzyme Immunometric Assay (EIA) is based on a double-antibody sandwich technique. The wells of the plate supplied with the kit are coated with a polyclonal antibody specific of human leptin. This antibody will bind any Leptin introduced in the wells (sample or standard). [Bertin Catalog No. A05174]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:500010 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leptin is a 16 kDa protein hormone encoded by the obese (ob) gene with important effects in metabolism and regulating body weight. Leptin has dual actions, decreasing appetite and increasing energy consumption. Mutations in the ob gene or leptin receptor gene causes hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure, and severe obesity. Studies have also shown that leptin is a regulator of reproductive function, bone metabolism and plays a significant role as an immunomodulator. This Enzyme Immunometric Assay (EIA) is based on a double-antibody sandwich technique specific for mouse and rat leptin. [Bertin Catalog No. A05176]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007609 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leptin, the product of the ob (obese) gene, is produced mainly in adipose tissue and is considered to play an important role in appetite control, fat metabolism and body weight regulation. The primary effect of leptin appears to be mediated by leptin receptors expressed mainly in the hypothalamus. This Enzyme Immunometric Assay (EIA) is based on a double-antibody sandwich technique specific for the human leptin receptor. The assay utilizes plates coated with a polyclonal antibody specific for the human leptin receptor and a HRP-conjugated polyclonal antibody for detection. [Bertin Catalog No. A05175]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007608 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4 hydrolase) has been cloned from a variety of species including human, rat, and guinea pig.{969,4144,4143,4142} These species exhibit ~90% homology at the amino acid level. Human LTA4 hydrolase has a calculated molecular mass of 69 kDa based on the deduced amino acid sequence.{969,4144}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:160250 - 500 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:420112 - 100 dtn

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:420112 - 500 dtn

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the combined action of 5-lipoxygenase and LTA4 hydrolase.{1719} LTB4 has long been recognized as a potent mediator of inflammation. It stimulates a number of leukocyte functions, including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis.{329,1803} In subnanomolar ranges (3.9 x 10−10 M), LTB4 causes chemotaxis and chemokinesis in human PMNLs.{329} At higher concentrations, (1.0 x 10−7 M), LTB4 leads to neutrophil aggregation and degranulation as well as superoxide anion production.{329,83} Plasma levels of LTB4 increase from 100 ng/ml following leukocyte stimulation.{1534,1454,1346} LTB4 is metabolized in leukocytes and hepatocytes to less active 20-hydroxy and 20-carboxy LTB4 by NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzymes followed by β-oxidation at the ω-end to ω-carboxy dinor LTB4 and ω-carboxy tetranor LTB3.{1803,589,1032,377} LTB4 is not excreted in the urine.{1465}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:520111 - 480 solid wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the combined action of 5-lipoxygenase and LTA4 hydrolase.{1719} LTB4 has long been recognized as a potent mediator of inflammation. It stimulates a number of leukocyte functions, including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis.{329,1803} In subnanomolar ranges (3.9 x 10−10 M), LTB4 causes chemotaxis and chemokinesis in human PMNLs.{329} At higher concentrations, (1.0 x 10−7 M), LTB4 leads to neutrophil aggregation and degranulation as well as superoxide anion production.{329,83} Plasma levels of LTB4 increase from 100 ng/ml following leukocyte stimulation.{1534,1454,1346} LTB4 is metabolized in leukocytes and hepatocytes to less active 20-hydroxy and 20-carboxy LTB4 by NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzymes followed by β-oxidation at the ω-end to ω-carboxy dinor LTB4 and ω-carboxy tetranor LTB3.{1803,589,1032,377} LTB4 is not excreted in the urine.{1465}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:520111 - 480 strip wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the combined action of 5-lipoxygenase and LTA4 hydrolase.{1719} LTB4 has long been recognized as a potent mediator of inflammation. It stimulates a number of leukocyte functions, including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis.{329,1803} In subnanomolar ranges (3.9 x 10−10 M), LTB4 causes chemotaxis and chemokinesis in human PMNLs.{329} At higher concentrations, (1.0 x 10−7 M), LTB4 leads to neutrophil aggregation and degranulation as well as superoxide anion production.{329,83} Plasma levels of LTB4 increase from 100 ng/ml following leukocyte stimulation.{1534,1454,1346} LTB4 is metabolized in leukocytes and hepatocytes to less active 20-hydroxy and 20-carboxy LTB4 by NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzymes followed by β-oxidation at the ω-end to ω-carboxy dinor LTB4 and ω-carboxy tetranor LTB3.{1803,589,1032,377} LTB4 is not excreted in the urine.{1465}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:520111 - 96 solid wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the combined action of 5-lipoxygenase and LTA4 hydrolase.{1719} LTB4 has long been recognized as a potent mediator of inflammation. It stimulates a number of leukocyte functions, including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis.{329,1803} In subnanomolar ranges (3.9 x 10−10 M), LTB4 causes chemotaxis and chemokinesis in human PMNLs.{329} At higher concentrations, (1.0 x 10−7 M), LTB4 leads to neutrophil aggregation and degranulation as well as superoxide anion production.{329,83} Plasma levels of LTB4 increase from 100 ng/ml following leukocyte stimulation.{1534,1454,1346} LTB4 is metabolized in leukocytes and hepatocytes to less active 20-hydroxy and 20-carboxy LTB4 by NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzymes followed by β-oxidation at the ω-end to ω-carboxy dinor LTB4 and ω-carboxy tetranor LTB3.{1803,589,1032,377} LTB4 is not excreted in the urine.{1465}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:520111 - 96 strip wells

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:420114 - 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • LTB4 stimulates a number of leukocyte functions, including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis. Plasma levels of LTB4 increase from 100 ng/ml following leukocyte stimulation. LTB4 is metabolized in leukocytes and hepatocytes to less active 20-hydroxy and 20-carboxy LTB4 and then further oxidized to ω-carboxy dinor LTB4 and ω-carboxy tetranor-LTB3. LTB4 is not excreted in the urine. Cayman’s LTB4 Express ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LTB4 in plasma and other sample matrices. The assay has a range from 15.6-2,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 45 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10009292 - 480 solid wells

    Available on backorder

  • LTB4 stimulates a number of leukocyte functions, including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis. Plasma levels of LTB4 increase from 100 ng/ml following leukocyte stimulation. LTB4 is metabolized in leukocytes and hepatocytes to less active 20-hydroxy and 20-carboxy LTB4 and then further oxidized to ω-carboxy dinor LTB4 and ω-carboxy tetranor-LTB3. LTB4 is not excreted in the urine. Cayman’s LTB4 Express ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LTB4 in plasma and other sample matrices. The assay has a range from 15.6-2,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 45 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10009292 - 480 strip wells

    Available on backorder

  • LTB4 stimulates a number of leukocyte functions, including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis. Plasma levels of LTB4 increase from 100 ng/ml following leukocyte stimulation. LTB4 is metabolized in leukocytes and hepatocytes to less active 20-hydroxy and 20-carboxy LTB4 and then further oxidized to ω-carboxy dinor LTB4 and ω-carboxy tetranor-LTB3. LTB4 is not excreted in the urine. Cayman’s LTB4 Express ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LTB4 in plasma and other sample matrices. The assay has a range from 15.6-2,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 45 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10009292 - 96 solid wells

    Available on backorder

  • LTB4 stimulates a number of leukocyte functions, including aggregation, stimulation of ion fluxes, enhancement of lysosomal enzyme release, superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and chemokinesis. Plasma levels of LTB4 increase from 100 ng/ml following leukocyte stimulation. LTB4 is metabolized in leukocytes and hepatocytes to less active 20-hydroxy and 20-carboxy LTB4 and then further oxidized to ω-carboxy dinor LTB4 and ω-carboxy tetranor-LTB3. LTB4 is not excreted in the urine. Cayman’s LTB4 Express ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LTB4 in plasma and other sample matrices. The assay has a range from 15.6-2,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 45 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10009292 - 96 strip wells

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:401072 - 100 dtn

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:401072 - 500 dtn

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages. Their biosynthesis proceeds via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in which 5-LO converts arachidonic acid into LTA4 with 5(S)-HpETE as an intermediate. The conjugation of glutathione to LTA4 results in the formation of LTC4, which is then rapidly metabolized to LTD4 and LTE4. This metabolism is essentially complete within 10 minutes in the human lung. Cayman’s LTC4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LTC4 in culture media and other sample matrices. The assay has a range from 17.1-5,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) value of approximately 40 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501070 - 480 solid wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages. Their biosynthesis proceeds via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in which 5-LO converts arachidonic acid into LTA4 with 5(S)-HpETE as an intermediate. The conjugation of glutathione to LTA4 results in the formation of LTC4, which is then rapidly metabolized to LTD4 and LTE4. This metabolism is essentially complete within 10 minutes in the human lung. Cayman’s LTC4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LTC4 in culture media and other sample matrices. The assay has a range from 17.1-5,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) value of approximately 40 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501070 - 480 strip wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages. Their biosynthesis proceeds via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in which 5-LO converts arachidonic acid into LTA4 with 5(S)-HpETE as an intermediate. The conjugation of glutathione to LTA4 results in the formation of LTC4, which is then rapidly metabolized to LTD4 and LTE4. This metabolism is essentially complete within 10 minutes in the human lung. Cayman’s LTC4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LTC4 in culture media and other sample matrices. The assay has a range from 17.1-5,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) value of approximately 40 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501070 - 96 solid wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid in eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages. Their biosynthesis proceeds via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in which 5-LO converts arachidonic acid into LTA4 with 5(S)-HpETE as an intermediate. The conjugation of glutathione to LTA4 results in the formation of LTC4, which is then rapidly metabolized to LTD4 and LTE4. This metabolism is essentially complete within 10 minutes in the human lung. Cayman’s LTC4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LTC4 in culture media and other sample matrices. The assay has a range from 17.1-5,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) value of approximately 40 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501070 - 96 strip wells

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:401062 - 100 dtn

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:401062 - 500 dtn

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in activated mast cells, eosinophils, and monocytes. LTA4, the primary 5-LO metabolite, is rapidly converted to LTC4 and sequentially to LTD4 and LTE4. While plasma levels of LTC4 are virtually undetectable, exogenously administered LTC4 is recovered in the urine as LTE4 (5-13%) and two prominent oxidized metabolites resulting from several cycles of β-oxidation. Cayman’s LTE4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay developed for the measurement of LTE4 from urine without a purification step. The assay has a range of 7.8-1,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 25 pg/ml. This “dilute and go” format has been used successfully to demonstrate significant and reproducible changes in LTE4 levels in the urine of asthmatic patients after antigen challenge. If your samples require additional purification prior to analysis, Cayman’s Cysteinyl Leukotriene Affinity Sorbent (Item No. 400396) can be used for this purpose.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501060 - 480 solid wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in activated mast cells, eosinophils, and monocytes. LTA4, the primary 5-LO metabolite, is rapidly converted to LTC4 and sequentially to LTD4 and LTE4. While plasma levels of LTC4 are virtually undetectable, exogenously administered LTC4 is recovered in the urine as LTE4 (5-13%) and two prominent oxidized metabolites resulting from several cycles of β-oxidation. Cayman’s LTE4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay developed for the measurement of LTE4 from urine without a purification step. The assay has a range of 7.8-1,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 25 pg/ml. This “dilute and go” format has been used successfully to demonstrate significant and reproducible changes in LTE4 levels in the urine of asthmatic patients after antigen challenge. If your samples require additional purification prior to analysis, Cayman’s Cysteinyl Leukotriene Affinity Sorbent (Item No. 400396) can be used for this purpose.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501060 - 480 strip wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in activated mast cells, eosinophils, and monocytes. LTA4, the primary 5-LO metabolite, is rapidly converted to LTC4 and sequentially to LTD4 and LTE4. While plasma levels of LTC4 are virtually undetectable, exogenously administered LTC4 is recovered in the urine as LTE4 (5-13%) and two prominent oxidized metabolites resulting from several cycles of β-oxidation. Cayman’s LTE4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay developed for the measurement of LTE4 from urine without a purification step. The assay has a range of 7.8-1,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 25 pg/ml. This “dilute and go” format has been used successfully to demonstrate significant and reproducible changes in LTE4 levels in the urine of asthmatic patients after antigen challenge. If your samples require additional purification prior to analysis, Cayman’s Cysteinyl Leukotriene Affinity Sorbent (Item No. 400396) can be used for this purpose.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501060 - 96 solid wells

    Available on backorder

  • Leukotriene E4 (LTE4) is a product of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in activated mast cells, eosinophils, and monocytes. LTA4, the primary 5-LO metabolite, is rapidly converted to LTC4 and sequentially to LTD4 and LTE4. While plasma levels of LTC4 are virtually undetectable, exogenously administered LTC4 is recovered in the urine as LTE4 (5-13%) and two prominent oxidized metabolites resulting from several cycles of β-oxidation. Cayman’s LTE4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay developed for the measurement of LTE4 from urine without a purification step. The assay has a range of 7.8-1,000 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 25 pg/ml. This “dilute and go” format has been used successfully to demonstrate significant and reproducible changes in LTE4 levels in the urine of asthmatic patients after antigen challenge. If your samples require additional purification prior to analysis, Cayman’s Cysteinyl Leukotriene Affinity Sorbent (Item No. 400396) can be used for this purpose.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501060 - 96 strip wells

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:420414 - 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Lipases perform essential roles in the digestion, transportation, and processing of dietary lipids by controlling the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the circulation. Manipulating lipolysis has therapeutic potential in the metabolic disorders frequently associated with obesity. Cayman’s Lipase Activity Assay provides a fluorescence-based method for detecting lipase activity in plasma, serum, tissue homogenates, and cell culture samples. In the assay, lipase hydrolyzes arachidonoyl-1-thioglycerol to arachidonic acid and thioglycerol. Thioglycerol reacts with the thiol fluorometric detector to yield a highly fluorescent product which can be analyzed with an excitation wavelength of 380-390 nm and an emission wavelength of 510-520 nm.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700640 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600046 - 30 ml

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008981 - 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600045 - 25 ml

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600056 - 5 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600044 - 30 ml

    Available on backorder

  • Cayman’s Lipid Droplets Fluorescence Assay Kit can be used to study regulators of lipid droplet biogenesis. The main advantage of this assay is that the green fluorescence of Nile Red is both very sensitive and specific for lipid droplets.{17124} Furthermore, changes in lipid droplet biogenesis in various cell types in response to different manipulations can be both qualified and quantified by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or fluorescent plate readers. Simultaneous visualization of lipid droplets and associated proteins is also possible when used with antibodies conjugated to compatible fluorophores. Oleic acid, which is commonly used to induce lipid droplet formation in cultured cells, is included as a positive control. This kit provides sufficient reagents to effectively treat/stain 480 individual wells of cells when utilized in a 96-well plate format.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:500001 - 480 tests

    Available on backorder

  • Quantification of lipid peroxidation is essential to assess the role of oxidative injury in pathophysiological disorders.{1240,2997,4988} Lipid peroxidation results in the formation of highly reactive and unstable hydroperoxides of both saturated and unsaturated lipids. Our Lipid Hydroperoxide Assay Kit measures the hydroperoxides directly utilizing the redox reactions with ferrous ions.{3237} An easy to use quantitative extraction method was developed to extract lipid hydroperoxides into chloroform, and the extract is directly used in the assay. This procedure eliminates any interference caused by hydrogen peroxide or endogenous ferric ions in the sample and provides a sensitive and reliable assay for lipid peroxidation. This kit is designed for use with either a single-tube spectrophotometer to read the results or with a 96 well microplate reader. The plate used with the microplate reader is a reusable glass plate which is available with the purchase of Item No. 705003. The range of the assay is 0.25-5 nmol hydroperoxide per tube.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:705002 - 100 dtn

    Available on backorder

  • Quantification of lipid peroxidation is essential to assess the role of oxidative injury in pathophysiological disorders.{1240,2997,4988} Lipid peroxidation results in the formation of highly reactive and unstable hydroperoxides of both saturated and unsaturated lipids. Our Lipid Hydroperoxide Assay Kit measures the hydroperoxides directly utilizing the redox reactions with ferrous ions.{3237} An easy to use quantitative extraction method was developed to extract lipid hydroperoxides into chloroform, and the extract is directly used in the assay. This procedure eliminates any interference caused by hydrogen peroxide or endogenous ferric ions in the sample and provides a sensitive and reliable assay for lipid peroxidation. This kit is available in two formats: 100 dtn, which is designed to be read using a single-tube spectrophotometer, and 96 wells, which is designed to be read using a 96-well microplate reader. The 96 well kit contains a special glass plate which is resistant to organic solvents used in the assay; this is the only difference between the two kit types.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:705003 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Lipoxin A4 (LXA4; Item No. 90410) is a part of the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) family of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites.{35079} It is formed from arachidonic acid through double lipoxygenase-catalyzed reactions initiated by either 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) followed by 12-LO/15-LO, with a leukotriene A4 (LTA4) intermediate, or by 15-LO followed by 5-LO, with 15(S)-HETE and 5(S)-Hp-15(S)-HETE intermediates. The generation of LXA4 typically requires transcellular metabolism of arachidonic acid.{35079,35339} For example, LTA4 that is synthesized in neutrophils by 5-LO is metabolized to LXA4 in platelets by 12-LO.{35339} LXA4 is released during the resolution phase of inflammation and binds to the G protein-coupled LXA4 receptor (ALX)/formyl peptide receptor (FPR2), which is located on leukocytes, and induces cell type-specific signaling.1 In macrophages, it activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT, stimulates non-phlogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes, and inhibits apoptosis to prolong the phagocytotic phase.{11078,35388} In neutrophils, it inhibits chemotaxis and transmigration and inhibits production of LTB4 (Item No. 20110).{35389} Cayman’s LXA4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay which can be used for quantification of LXA4. This assay has been tested in urine, serum, and plasma. The ELISA typically displays an IC50 (50% B/B0) of approximately 200 pg/ml and a detection limit (80% B/B0) of approximately 50 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:590410 - 96 solid well

    Available on backorder

  • Lipoxin A4 (LXA4; Item No. 90410) is a part of the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) family of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolites.{35079} It is formed from arachidonic acid through double lipoxygenase-catalyzed reactions initiated by either 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) followed by 12-LO/15-LO, with a leukotriene A4 (LTA4) intermediate, or by 15-LO followed by 5-LO, with 15(S)-HETE and 5(S)-Hp-15(S)-HETE intermediates. The generation of LXA4 typically requires transcellular metabolism of arachidonic acid.{35079,35339} For example, LTA4 that is synthesized in neutrophils by 5-LO is metabolized to LXA4 in platelets by 12-LO.{35339} LXA4 is released during the resolution phase of inflammation and binds to the G protein-coupled LXA4 receptor (ALX)/formyl peptide receptor (FPR2), which is located on leukocytes, and induces cell type-specific signaling.1 In macrophages, it activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT, stimulates non-phlogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes, and inhibits apoptosis to prolong the phagocytotic phase.{11078,35388} In neutrophils, it inhibits chemotaxis and transmigration and inhibits production of LTB4 (Item No. 20110).{35389} Cayman’s LXA4 ELISA Kit is a competitive assay which can be used for quantification of LXA4. This assay has been tested in urine, serum, and plasma. The ELISA typically displays an IC50 (50% B/B0) of approximately 200 pg/ml and a detection limit (80% B/B0) of approximately 50 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:590410 - 96 strip well

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  • Cayman’s Lipoxin B4 (LXB4) ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LXB4 in plasma, serum, and urine. The assay has a range of 1.6-1,000 pg/ml with a midpoint (50% B/B0) of approximately 41 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 9.5 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501920 - 96 solid well

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  • Cayman’s Lipoxin B4 (LXB4) ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of LXB4 in plasma, serum, and urine. The assay has a range of 1.6-1,000 pg/ml with a midpoint (50% B/B0) of approximately 41 pg/ml and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 9.5 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501920 - 96 strip well

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  • Lipoxin B4 ELISA Polyclonal Antiserum has been tested and formulated to work exclusively with Cayman’s Lipoxin B4 ELISA Kit (Item No. 501920). Please visit Lipoxin B4 ELISA Kit (Item No. 501920) for the kit protocol, procedures, and product handling.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:401922 - 100 dtn

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  • Lipoxin B4 ELISA Standard has been tested and formulated to work exclusively with Cayman’s Lipoxin B4 ELISA Kit (Item No. 501920). Please visit Lipoxin B4 ELISA Kit (Item No. 501920) for the kit protocol, procedures, and product handling.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:401924 - 25 ng

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:760710 - 1 ea

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  • Lipoxygenases are members of a class of non-heme iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyze the addition of molecular oxygen to fatty acids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene system to give an unsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxide. In mammals, lipoxygenases carry out the first step in the arachidonic acid cascade.{3140,2972} 5- and 15-LOs lead to the biologically active lipoxins, whereas 5-LO leads to 5,6-epoxy-leukotrienes which are involved in a variety of inflammatory responses, including neutrophil chemotaxis, vascular permeability, and smooth muscle contraction.{482} In contrast, Nassar, et al., suggested that animal 15-LO products act as anti-inflammatory agents.{1390} This implies that the 5- and 15-LO pathways may play a role in regulating inflammation. To elucidate the role of each lipoxygenase, it is particularly important to develop inhibitors that are enzyme specific. This assay kit provides an accurate and convenient method for screening lipoxygenase inhibitors. This assay measures the hydroperoxides generated from the incubation of a lipoxygenase (5-, 12-, or 15-LO) with either arachidonic or linoleic acid.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:760700 - 96 wells

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  • LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide cleaved from the only described human cathelicidin, hCAP18. Production of LL-37 is activated by M. tuberculosis infection in neutrophils and epithelial cells of the lung. {17198} LL-37 is a component of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and its presence on NETs has been associated with the activation of inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasomes. {26640} Autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus have been associated with the generation of autoantibodies against NET proteins. {26640} LL-37 has a predicted molecular weight of 5 kDa; Cayman’s LL-37 Polyclonal Antibody detects a 5 kDa band, as well as an 18 kDa band corresponding to the hCAP18 precursor to LL-37.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:15637 - 1 ea

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  • LPA1 (also known as EDG-2) is one of four known LPA receptors (LPA1-4).{13001} LPA1-3 are part a family of G protein-coupled receptors that share identity to the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1P1-5).{11049} LPA1 couples with three types of G proteins, Gi/o, Gq, and G12/13 to induce a range of cellular responses including activation of phospholipase C, multiple kinases, the serum response element and cell proliferation.{11808,12477} LPA1 mRNA is detected a wide range of tissues and cells including brain, heart, small intestine, spleen, testis, kidney, HeLa cells, and A549 cells.{11810,12912} Mouse and human LPA1 have 364 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 41 kDa.{12477} Cayman’s LPA1 Polyclonal Antibody detects the protein from several species from 43-50 kDa, suggesting heterogeneous LPA1 post-translational modifications in distinct cells.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10005280 - 1 ea

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  • Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPA3, also known as EDG-7) is one of three LPA receptors (LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3) that are members of large family of G protein-coupled receptors that also include those for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P1-5).{11049} The LPA receptors mediate many cellular responses including cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell proliferation, and inhibition of gap junction communication.{11808,11809} Mouse and human LPA3 have 353 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 40 kDa.{11811,11810} The mRNA level of LPA3 is high in testes, kidney, and lung but low in intestine, heart, thymus, and stomach.{11810} Cayman Chemical’s LPA3 polyclonal antibody can be used for western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunocytochemical analysis for LPA3 on samples of human, mouse, and rat origin. Cayman’s LPA3 Polyclonal Antibody detects a protein at around 40 kDa in human HepG2 cells, mouse macrophages, and in mouse and rat liver.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10004840 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:705016 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:705010 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
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    SKU:705012 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
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    SKU:700122 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700121 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
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    SKU:700123 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700124 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700125 - 1 ea

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  • Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase whose actions on specific lysine residues repress transcription of chromosomal DNA. LSD1 also inhibits the tumor suppressor activity of p53 by demethylating a specific lysine residue. Inhibitors of LSD1 are important tools used to elucidate mechanisms of transcription and cell cycle progression and have therapeutic potential for treating cancer. Cayman’s LSD1 Inhibitor Screening Assay Kit provides a convenient fluorescence-based method for screening LSD1-specific inhibitors. The assay is based on the multistep enzymatic reaction in which LSD1 first produces H2O2 during the demethylation of lysine 4 on a peptide corresponding to the first 21 amino acids of the N-terminal tail of histone H3. In the presence of horseradish peroxidase, H2O2 reacts with ADHP to produce the highly fluorescent compound resorufin that can be analyzed with an excitation wavelength of 530-540 nm and an emission wavelength of 585-595 nm.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700120 - 96 wells

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  • LSD1 is a flavin-containing nuclear protein having a N-terminal SWIRM domain, a C-terminal FAD-binding motif, and an amine oxidase domain. It functions as a transcriptional corepressor and catalyzes the flavin-dependent demethylation of Lys4 of histone 3 resulting in the formation of methyl-free lysine and release of formaldehyde. LSD1 has been found to be typically associated with CoREST and histone deacetylases 1 and 4 and participates in the silencing of endogenous neuron-specific genes.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:13554 - 1 ea

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  • LSD1, the first known lysine-specific histone demethylase, is an 886 amino acid nuclear protein belonging to flavin monoamine oxidase family. It contains a SWIRM domain, a FAD-binding motif and an amine oxidase domaine. This protein is ubiquitously expressed and is a component of several histone deacetylase complexes. LSD1 acts as a component of the CoREST and other transcriptional co-repressor complexes and also plays an important role in silencing neuronal-specific genes in non-neuronal cells. It is also known to demethylate Lys4 of histone H3, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Reports suggest that it plays an important role in stimulating androgen-receptor-dependent transcription converting oxygen to hydrogen peroxide (might use alternative electron acceptors). Along with nuclear FHL2 it serves as a novel biomarker predictive for prostate cancer.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:13486 - 1 ea

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  • Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein produced by the pituitary gland and consists of two subunits with a total molecular mass of approximately 30 kDa. The α-subunit is identical to the α-subunit of other pituitary hormones, such follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The β-subunit is unique to LH and confers the specific biological activity to the molecule. Luteinizing hormone stimulates ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum, and maintains the function of the corpus luteum during the first two weeks of pregnancy. In males, LH stimulates the production of testosterone by the testis. Cayman’s Luteinizing Hormone ELISA (human) Kit is an immunometric (i.e., sandwich) ELISA which can be used to measure luteinizing hormone within the range of 0.5-200 mIU/ml. This assay offers specific and sensitive analysis of LH in human serum and has not been validated for other types of samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:500720 - 96 wells

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  • Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an extracellular signaling lipid that evokes multiple biological functions including induction of platelet aggregation, smooth muscle contraction, and stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis.{12477} Lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) was first discovered in 1999 as the enzyme responsible for generating LPA from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).{13068} It was later revealed to be identical to an autocrine motility factor, autotaxin (ATX), which plays a role in tumor progression and metastasis.{13069,13071} LysoPLD/ATX mRNA is widely expressed with highest levels found in brain, ovary, lung, intestine, and testis.{13067,13070} Rat lysoPLD is composed of 885 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 101 kDa. The protein is reported to be heavily glycosylated and thus its apparent size on SDS-PAGE may be run as high as 125 kDa. Useful positive controls include cerebrospinal fluid, mouse ascites or seminal plasma.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10005375 - 1 ea

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  • Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes cholesteryl esters and triglycerides to produce cholesterol, glycerol, and free fatty acids.{42857} LAL deficiency is due to mutations in the LAL gene, LIPA, that lead to decreases in LAL activity. Wolman’s disease is a severe form of LAL deficiency that begins in infancy and is characterized by a nearly complete or complete lack of LAL activity resulting in gastrointestinal disorders, hepatomegaly, and failure to thrive, leading to hypercholesterolemia and fatality within months without treatment. Cholesterol ester storage disorder is a less severe form of LAL deficiency in which LAL activity is reduced but not abolished. It presents later in life and is characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances, dyslipidemia, hepatomegaly, and impaired liver function. Research towards development of methods to detect deficiency in this enzyme has become an important goal in diagnosing and treating individuals with this disorder.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:24854 - 1 ea

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  • Lysosomes are intracellular organelles that contain enzymes used for the hydrolysis of waste materials and other cellular debris. The pH of the lysosome is ~4.5-4.8 and is optimal for these hydrolytic enzymes. The lysosomal pH gradient is maintained through vacuolar ATPases which pump protons into the lysosomes. Cayman’s Lysosomal Staining Kit (Red Fluorescence) utilizes a red fluorescent dye that permeates the lysosomes based on pH gradient. Once protonated, the dye is unable to leave the lysosome resulting in enhanced fluorescence. Included in this kit is bafilomycin A1, which is an inhibitor of the vacuolar ATPase. Treatment with bafilomycin A1 results in decreased lysosomal fluorescence upon staining with the lysosomal staining reagent.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:601810 - 96 wells

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  • Lysozymes are a critical component of the innate immune system, facilitating the breakdown of bacterial cell walls by catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptidoglycan components. Lysozyme C is a component of many animal secretions such as saliva, tears, and mucus.{25779} Elevated serum levels of lysozymes have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus.{25778} Lysozyme C is a component of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which have the ability to contact and kill pathogens.{24590} Cayman’s Monoclonal Antibody detects lysozyme C in neutrophil-derived NETs.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:15641 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:705194 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:705195 - 1 ea

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  • Cayman’s Malachite Green Phosphate Assay Kit provides a fast, reproducible, colorimetric method for measuring inorganic free phosphate in aqueous solutions. The assay method is based on the formation of a complex between malachite green molybdate and free orthophosphate that absorbs at 620-640 nm.{15225,15228} Applications for this assay include quantification of phosphorylation and phosphate release from protein phosphatase substrates.{15227} This assay is a reliable and suitable means of detecting and quantifying minimal amounts of inorganic free phosphate and is amenable to high-throughput screening applications.{15226} The assay is formatted to a 96-well format, but could easily be modified for use in 384-well or cuvette-based assays.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10009325 - 2 x 96 wells

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  • Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) belongs to the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) family of cytoskeletal filament proteins, which includes MAP1-5 and tau.{55112} MAP2 is composed of an N-terminal projection domain that interacts with PKA and a C-terminal domain that contains microtubule binding repeats containing a KXGS motif that is subject to phosphorylation.{55113} Five isoforms of MAP2 are generated through alternative splicing and are found in the cell body and dendrites of neurons, with some isoforms also found in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the CNS and in the testis.{55113,55112} MAP2 is expressed in mature neurons, with the MAP2a and MAP2c isoforms expressed in a developmental stage-dependent manner while the MAP2b isoform is expressed throughout development and adulthood.{55114,55112} MAP2 binds to and stabilizes microtubules and increases their rigidity, as well as interacts with F-actin during neurite initiation and with proteins involved in signal transduction.{55113} Phosphorylation of the KXGS motif by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1 (MARK1), MARK2, or PKA decreases the affinity of MAP2 for microtubules, and the detachment of MAP2 leads to microtubule destabilization and disassembly. Decreased levels of MAP2 protein have been found in postmortem brain tissue from patients with a Lewy body variant of Alzheimer’s disease.{55115} MAP2 has been found in cytoplasmic neuronal Lewy bodies colocalized with α-synuclein and ubiquitin in postmortem substantia nigra from patients with Parkinson’s disease.{55116} Cayman’s MAP2 (bovine) Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 4H5) can be used for immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes MAP2 at approximately 280 kDa from human, bovine, mouse, and rat samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29280 - 100 µl

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  • Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) belongs to the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) family of cytoskeletal filament proteins, which includes MAP1-5 and tau.{55112} MAP2 is composed of an N-terminal projection domain that interacts with PKA and a C-terminal domain that contains microtubule binding repeats containing a KXGS motif that is subject to phosphorylation.{55113} Five isoforms of MAP2 are generated through alternative splicing and are found in the cell body and dendrites of neurons, with some isoforms also found in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the CNS and in the testis.{55112,55113} MAP2 is expressed in mature neurons, with the MAP2a and MAP2c isoforms expressed in a developmental stage-dependent manner while the MAP2b isoform is expressed throughout development and adulthood.{55112,55114} MAP2 binds to and stabilizes microtubules and increases their rigidity, as well as interacts with F-actin during neurite initiation and with proteins involved in signal transduction.{55113} Phosphorylation of the KXGS motif by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1 (MARK1), MARK2, or PKA decreases the affinity of MAP2 for microtubules, and the detachment of MAP2 leads to microtubule destabilization and disassembly. Decreased levels of MAP2 protein have been found in postmortem brain tissue from patients with a Lewy body variant of Alzheimer’s disease.{55115} MAP2 has been found in cytoplasmic neuronal Lewy bodies colocalized with α-synuclein and ubiquitin in postmortem substantia nigra from patients with Parkinson’s disease.{55116} Cayman’s MAP2 (bovine) Polyclonal Antibody can be used for immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes MAP2 at approximately 280 kDa from human, bovine, mouse, and rat samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29281 - 100 µl

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  • Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) belongs to the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) family of cytoskeletal filament proteins, which includes MAP1-5 and tau.{55112} MAP2 is composed of an N-terminal projection domain that interacts with PKA and a C-terminal domain that contains microtubule binding repeats containing a KXGS motif that is subject to phosphorylation.{55113} Five isoforms of MAP2 are generated through alternative splicing and are found in the cell body and dendrites of neurons, with some isoforms also found in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the CNS and in the testis.{55112,55113} MAP2 is expressed in mature neurons, with the MAP2a and MAP2c isoforms expressed in a developmental stage-dependent manner while the MAP2b isoform is expressed throughout development and adulthood.{55112,55114} MAP2 binds to and stabilizes microtubules and increases their rigidity, as well as interacts with F-actin during neurite initiation and with proteins involved in signal transduction.{55113} Phosphorylation of the KXGS motif by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1 (MARK1), MARK2, or PKA decreases the affinity of MAP2 for microtubules, and the detachment of MAP2 leads to microtubule destabilization and disassembly. Decreased levels of MAP2 protein have been found in postmortem brain tissue from patients with a Lewy body variant of Alzheimer’s disease.{55115} MAP2 has been found in cytoplasmic neuronal Lewy bodies colocalized with α-synuclein and ubiquitin in postmortem substantia nigra from patients with Parkinson’s disease.{55116} Cayman’s MAP2 (human) Monoclonal Antibody can be used for immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes MAP2 at approximately 280 kDa from human, mouse, and rat samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29282 - 100 µl

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  • Maresins (macrophage mediators in resolving inflammation) are members of a class of potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators that are synthesized by macrophages in the presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Maresin 1 (MaR1) is produced via oxidation of endogenous DHA by 12-lipoxygenase. MaR1 has been shown to reduce neutrophil infiltration in murine peritonitis, enhance efferocytosis, inhibit TRPV1 currents in neurons, reduce neuropathic pain in mice, and attenuate disease severity in mouse models of colitis. Although circulating levels of MaR1 may be quite low, MaR1 can be detected in urine.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501150 - 96 solid wells

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  • Maresins (macrophage mediators in resolving inflammation) are members of a class of potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators that are synthesized by macrophages in the presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Maresin 1 (MaR1) is produced via oxidation of endogenous DHA by 12-lipoxygenase. MaR1 has been shown to reduce neutrophil infiltration in murine peritonitis, enhance efferocytosis, inhibit TRPV1 currents in neurons, reduce neuropathic pain in mice, and attenuate disease severity in mouse models of colitis. Although circulating levels of MaR1 may be quite low, MaR1 can be detected in urine.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:501150 - 96 strip wells

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  • MAT1 also known as MNAT1 belong to the complex of Cyclin dependent kinase-activating kinase, together with CDK-7 and Cyclin H where it plays he key role for regulating the activity of the complex. It is also playing a significant role in cell cycle, transcription and differentiation. [Bertin Catalog No. G01019]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:32788 - 100 µl

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  • MAT1 also known as MNAT1 belong to the complex of Cyclin dependent kinase-activating kinase, together with CDK-7 and Cyclin H where it plays the key role for regulating the activity of the complex. It also plays a significant role in cell cycle, transcription, and differentiation. [Bertin Catalog No. G01020]  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:32789 - 100 µl

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  • Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) is a mitochondrial membrane-bound adapter protein that initiates antiviral immunity.{46479} MAVS is activated upon viral infection by the dsRNA-sensing receptors RIG-I and MDA5 and by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon activation, MAVS polymerizes and binds to TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IKKε, which form a signaling platform to activate IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-ĸB, respectively.{46479,46480} MAVS also mediates recruitment of the NLRP3 inflammasome to the mitochondria and activates caspase-1 to release IL-1β in response to non-crystalline inflammasome activators.{46481} Embryonic fibroblasts, peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and conventional, but not plasmacytoid, dendritic cells from Mavs-/- mice exhibit reduced Sendai virus-induced increases in IFN-α and IFN-β secretion.{46482} Serum viral titers are increased and survival is decreased in Mavs-/- mice infected with vesicular stomatitis virus compared with wild-type controls. MAVS-deficient, SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice have decreased serum levels of antinuclear autoantibodies and increased survival compared with MAVS-expressing Fcgr2b-/- mice.{46484} Aggregates of MAVS and plasma levels of IFN-β and the autoantibodies Sm and UN1RNP are increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).{46483} Cayman’s MAVS Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 7B9) can be used for ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, and Western blot applications. The antibody recognizes MAVS at 56.5 kDa from human samples.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:26355 - 100 µg

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  • Membrane bound O-acyl transferases (MBOATs) are a group of conserved, multiple transmembrane spanning enzymes involved in many biological functions including lipid biosynthesis, embryogenesis, nutrient sensing, and membrane lipid remodeling. This group of proteins is associated with pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease.{27302} MBOAT1 functions as an acyltransferase which mediates the conversion of lysophosphatidylserine (1-acyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine or LPS) into phosphatidylserine (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine or PS) (LPSAT activity), and prefers oleoyl-CoA as the acyl donor. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases catalyze the reacylation step of the phospholipid remodeling pathway also known as the Lands cycle.{27123} The predicted size of MBOAT1 is 56.6 kDa, and Cayman’s MBOAT1 Polyclonal Antibody detects a band at approximately 60 kDa by western blot.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:14698 - 1 ea

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  • Membrane bound O-acyl transferases (MBOATs) are a group of conserved, multiple transmembrane spanning enzymes involved in many biological functions including lipid biosynthesis, embryogenesis, nutrient sensing, and membrane lipid remodeling. This group of proteins is associated with pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease.{27302} MBOAT2 mediates the conversion of lysophosphatidylethanolamine into phosphotidylethanolamine and activates the acylation of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid.{27123} MBOAT2 is involved with the reacylation step of the Lands cycle.{27123} Cayman’s MBOAT2 (C-Term) Polyclonal Antibody is positive for detection in RT-4 cells by FC and IF.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:15646 - 1 ea

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  • Membrane-bound O-acyltransferase 2 (MBOAT2) is a membrane-spanning enzyme of the MBOAT family encoded by the LPCAT4 gene in humans.{27302} It contains multiple transmembrane domains and has two active site residues, an asparagine and a histidine, in common with other MBOAT family members.{27302} MBOAT2 is expressed in mouse epididymis, brain, testis, and ovary and is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in CHO cells.{35639} MBOAT2 has acyltransferase activities, with a preference for using oleoyl-coenzyme A (oleoyl-CoA) as an acyl donor and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (Item No. 25844), lysophosphatidic acid, or lysophosphatidylcholine (Item No. 24331) as acyl acceptors at the sn-2 position.{27123} MBOAT2 expression is increased in the epithelia of patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor tissue and this expression is inversely correlated with patient survival.{56207} In contrast, decreased expression of serum circular MBOAT2 RNA levels are found in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.{56208} Cayman’s MBOAT2 (Internal) Polyclonal Antibody can be used for flow cytometry and immunofluorescence applications. The antibody recognizes the internal (cytoplasmic) portion of MBOAT2.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:15647 - 1 ea

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  • Membrane bound O-acyl transferases (MBOATs) are a group of conserved, multiple transmembrane spanning enzymes involved in many biological functions including lipid biosynthesis, embryogenesis, nutrient sensing, and membrane lipid remodeling. This group of proteins is associated with pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease.{27302} MBOAT4 is responsible for the octanoylination of ghrelin at serine 3, and can use a number of fatty acids as substrates including octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid.{15759} Increases in the expression of MBOAT4 are dependent on preproghrelin expression during insulin-induced adipogenesis.{29964} Cayman’s MBOAT4 Polyclonal Antibody detects MBOAT in MCF-7 and RT-4 cells by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence in human samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:18614 - 1 ea

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  • Membrane bound O-acyl transferases (MBOATs) are a group of conserved, multiple transmembrane spanning enzymes involved in many biological functions including lipid biosynthesis, embryogenesis, nutrient sensing, and membrane lipid remodeling. This group of proteins is associated with pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease.{27302} MBOAT5 catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidylserine (1-acyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine or LPS) into phosphatidylserine (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine or PS) (LPSAT activity), and favors polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs as acyl donors compared to saturated fatty acyl-CoAs. MBOAT5 is a major enzyme contributing to LPCAT activity in the liver.{29953} MBOAT5 and other lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), are involved in the Lands cycle by catalyzing the reacylation of phospholipid remodeling.{27123} Cayman’s MBOAT5 Polyclonal Antibody can be used for flow cytometry and immunofluorescence applications. The antibody recognizes MBOAT5 from human samples.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:14699 - 1 ea

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  • Medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the βoxidation of fatty acids. MCAD expression is induced during periods of fasting, when reliance on fatty acids for energy is increased.{7572,7416} The promoter for MCAD contains a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE) and is regulated transcriptionally by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis.{7572,7571,4136} Because of this, MCAD expression can be used as a marker to evaluate the in vivo activity of PPARα.{7572,7416} Human MCAD is approximately 87% homologous to porcine and rat MCAD, respectively.{7568,7570} MCAD is expressed in liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:101730 - 500 µl

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  • DNA methylation, or the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases in the dinucleotide CpG, is imperative to proper development and regulates gene expression. The methylation pattern involves the enzymatic processes of methylation and demethylation. A demethylase enzyme has been identified which exhibits demethylase activity associated to a methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD).{17997} The enzyme is able to revert methylated cytosine bases to cytosines within the particular dinucleotide sequence mdCpdG by catalyzing the cleaving of the methyl group as methanol. MeCP2 and MBD1 (PCM1) repress transcription by binding specifically to methylated DNA.{17999} MBD2 and MBD4 (also known as MED1) colocalize with foci of heavily methylated satellite DNA and mediate the biological functions of the methylation signal. Surprisingly, MBD3 does not bind methylated DNA either in vivo or in vitro. MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 are expressed in somatic tissues, but the expression of MBD1 and MBD2 is reduced or absent in embryonic stem cells, which are known to be deficient in MeCP1 activity. MBD4 has homology to bacterial base excision repair DNA N-glycosylases/lyases.{17996} In some microsatellite unstable tumors MBD4 is mutated at an exonic polynucleotide tract.{17995}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:13775 - 1 ea

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  • MAP kinase kinase 1 (MAPKK1) is an integral component of the MAP kinase cascade that regulates cell growth and differentiation {14328,14329}. This pathway also plays a key role in synaptic plasticity in the brain {14327}. Activated MEK1 acts as a dual specificity kinase phosphorylating both a threonine and a tyrosine residue on MAP kinase {14331,14332,14543}. Conversely, there also appears to be a feedback phosphorylation of MEK1 by MAP kinase. The sites on MEK1 that are phosphorylated by MAP kinase on Thr292 and Thr386 {14330}.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10009518 - 1 ea

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  • MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) is an integral component of the MAP kinase cascade that regulates cell growth and differentiation {14328,14329}. This pathway also plays a key role in synaptic plasticity in the brain {14327}. Activated MEK1 acts as a dual specificity kinase phosphorylating both a threonine and a tyrosine residue on MAP kinase {14331,14332,14543}. Conversely, there also appears to be a feedback phosphorylation of MEK1 by MAP kinase. The sites on MEK1 that are phosphorylated by MAP kinase are Thr292 and Thr386 {14330}.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10009517 - 1 ea

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  • MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) is an integral component of the MAP kinase cascade that regulates cell growth and differentiation.{14328,14329} This pathway also plays a key role in synaptic plasticity in the brain.{14327} Activated MEK1 acts as a dual specificity kinase phosphorylating both a threonine and a tyrosine residue on MAP kinase.{14330,14331,14332}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10009178 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600182 - 10 µl

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  • The Melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) helps regulate energy homeostasis and mice lacking MC3R have increased fat mass and reduced lean mass. Therefore, agonists that selectively activate MC3R might have beneficial effects related to weight gain and glucose metabolism. This assay consists of a 96-well plate coated with a transfection complex containing DNA constructs for MC3R and a cAMP response element regulated Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase (SEAP) reporter (MC3R Reverse Transfection Strip Plate). Cells grown on the transfection complex will express MC3R at the cell surface. Binding of agonists to MC3R initiates a signal transduction resulting in expression of SEAP. SEAP activity is measured following addition of luminescence-based alkaline phosphatase substrate provided in the kit.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600180 - 100 tests

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  • Melanocortins are known to exert a broad array of physiological actions including ‘melanogenesis, steroidogenesis, sexual function and inflammation, as well as appetite regulation and energy homeostasis’.{12351} These actions are mediated (differentially or concurrently) in part by a family of G protein-coupled receptors, the melanocortin receptors 1-5 (MC1R-MC5R). Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) was first cloned in 1993 with transcripts expressed primarily in the brain.{13229} Genetic studies of mice and humans have established a critical role of MC4R in appetite regulation.{3777} Heterozygous mutations in MC4R account for 1-6% of severe cases of human obesity. Thus, MC4R has been a prime target for therapeutic intervention in obesity.{10617} All known mammalian MC4Rs are 332 amino acids in length with an estimated molecular weight of 37 kDa. The protein is heavily glycosylated and appears at multiple positions on SDS-PAGE.{13230} Cayman’s MC4R Polyclonal Antibody mainly detects an unglycosylated protein at 37 kDa and a glycosylated protein at 55 kDa.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10006355 - 1 ea

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  • The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) has important roles in weight regulation, sexual function, and inflammation. Mice deficient in MC4R have increased lipid deposition associated with elevated adiposity, while mutations in MC4R in humans are associated with early onset or severe obesity. This assay consists of a 96-well plate coated with a transfection complex containing DNA constructs for MC4R and a cAMP response element regulated Secreted Alkaline Phosphatase (SEAP) reporter (MC4R Reverse Transfection Strip Plate). Cells grown on the transfection complex will express MC4R at the cell surface. Binding of agonists to MC4R initiates a signal transduction cascade resulting in expression of SEAP which is secreted into the cell culture media. SEAP activity is measured following addition of a luminescence-based alkaline phosphatase substrate provided in the kit.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600190 - 100 tests

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:172130 - 100 µl

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:172130 - 500 µl

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600166 - 1 ea

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  • Post-translational modifications of proteins play critical roles in the regulation and function of many known biological processes. Proteins can be post-translationally modified in many different ways, and a common post-transcriptional modification of lysine involves methylation.{17715} Lysine can be methylated once, twice, or three times by lysine methyltransferases. The transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl methionine to histones is catalyzed by enzymes known as histone methyltransferases. Histones which are methylated on certain residues can act epigenetically to repress or activate gene expression.{17715,17725}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:31686 - 100 µg

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  • Post-translational modifications of proteins play critical roles in the regulation and function of many known biological processes. Proteins can be post-translationally modified in many different ways, and a common post-transcriptional modification of lysine involves methylation.{17715} Lysine can be methylated once, twice, or three times by lysine methyltransferases. The transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl methionine to histones is catalyzed by enzymes known as histone methyltransferases. Histones which are methylated on certain residues can act epigenetically to repress or activate gene expression.{17715,17725}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:13728 - 100 µg

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700145 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700141 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700142 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700146 - 1 ea

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  • Methylation of key biological molecules and proteins plays important roles in numerous biological systems, including signal transduction, biosynthesis, protein repair, gene silencing, and chromatin regulation.{16924} The S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferases use SAM, the second most commonly used enzymatic cofactor after ATP. SAM, also known as AdoMet, acts as a donor of a methyl group that is required for the modification of proteins and DNA.{16845} Aberrant levels of SAM have been linked to many abnormalities, including Alzheimer’s Disease, depression, Parkinson’s Disease, multiple sclerosis, liver failure, and cancer.{16924,16845} Cayman’s Methyltransferase Colorimetric Assay Kit is a continuous enzyme-coupled assay that can continuously monitor SAM-dependent methyltransferases.{15387} The removal of the methyl group from SAM generates S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), which is rapidly converted to S-ribosylhomocysteine and adenine by AdoHcy nucleosidase. This rapid conversion prevents the buildup of AdoHcy and its feedback inhibition on the methylation reaction. Finally, the adenine is converted to hypoxanthine, by adenine deaminase, which in turn is converted to urate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The rate of production of H2O2 is measured with the colorimetric reagent, 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, by an increase in absorbance at 500-520 nm. The assay is supplied with AdoHcy as a positive control. The assay can be used with any purified SAM-dependent methyltransferase.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700140 - 96 wells

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  • Methylation of key biological molecules and proteins play important roles in numerous biological systems, including signal transduction, biosynthesis, protein repair, gene silencing, and chromatin regulation.{16924} The S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferases use SAM, the second most commonly used enzymatic cofactor after ATP. SAM, also known as AdoMet, acts as a donor of a methyl group that is required for the modification of proteins and DNA.{16845} Aberrant levels of SAM have been linked to many abnormalities, including Alzheimer’s Disease, depression, Parkinson’s Disease, multiple sclerosis, liver failure, and cancer.{16924,16845} Cayman’s Methyltransferase Fluorometric Assay Kit is a continuous enzyme-coupled assay that can continuously monitor SAM-dependent methyltransferases.{15387} The removal of the methyl group from SAM generates S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), which is rapidly converted to S-ribosylhomocysteine and adenine by AdoHcy nucleosidase. This rapid conversion prevents the buildup of AdoHcy and its feedback inhibition on the methylation reaction. Finally, the adenine is converted to hypoxanthine, by adenine deaminase, which in turn is converted to urate and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The reaction between H2O2 and ADHP (10-acetyl-3,7,-dihydroxyphenoxazine) produces the highly fluorescent compound resorufin. Resorufin fluorescence can be easily analyzed with an excitation wavelength of 530-540 nm and an emission wavelength of 585-595 nm. The assay is supplied with AdoHcy as a positive control. The assay can be used with any purified SAM-dependent methyltransferase.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700150 - 96 wells

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  • Methyltransferase-like protein 16 (METTL16) is an m6A RNA methyltransferase encoded by the METTL16 gene in humans and localized to the cell nucleus.{50141,56098} It is composed of a methyltransferase domain that associates with RNA and two vertebrate conserved regions (VCRs) on the C-terminal end that promote splicing.{49283} METTL16 acts as an epigenetic writer by methylating the pre-mRNA of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthetase MAT2A in the presence of SAM. It also methylates the adenine at position 43 of spliceosome component U6 snRNA and interacts with cancer-associated MALAT1 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).{35512,50141} Knockout of Mettl16 in mouse embryos leads to a reduction in Mat2a mRNA expression, transcriptome dysregulation, and lethality at approximately the implantation stage.{49284} The expression of METTL16 is increased in isolated human colon, but not rectal, adenocarcinoma tumor tissue, and decreased METTL16 expression in rectal adenocarcinoma tumor tissue is associated with lower overall survival.{49285} Cayman’s METTL16 Monoclonal Antibody can be used for ELISA, Immunofluorescence, and Western blot applications. The antibody recognizes METTL16 at 64 kDa from human samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29207 - 100 µg

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  • Methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) and METTL14 are m6A RNA methyltransferases encoded by the METTL3 and METTL14 genes, respectively, in humans.{50138} METTL3 and METTL14 form a stable complex in the cytoplasm then localize to the nucleus via a METTL3 nuclear localization sequence. METTL3 contains an N-terminal leader helix domain that interacts with Wilms’ tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP) in the nucleus, which confers localization of the complex to nuclear speckles. METTL14 contains a C-terminal arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) sequence that contributes to the catalytic activity of the complex. METTL3 and METTL14 each contain methyltransferase domains but the METTL3 domain alone binds S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) while METTL14 interacts with RNA.{45519} The METTL3/14 complex primarily binds to regions of RNA that correspond to intergenic and intron regions of DNA, and it preferentially methylates RNA substrates that contain the sequence GGACU, with little preference for secondary structural features of the substrates.{45520} METTL3 and METTL14 are involved in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in vitro and are necessary for self-renewal and reconstitution of hematopoietic stem cells following bone marrow transplantation in mice.{45521} Mettl3 knockdown or Mettl14 knockout increases radial glia cell cycle length in embryonic mouse brain, and Mettl14 knockout extends cortical neurogenesis into the postnatal period.{45523} Knockdown of METTL3 or METTL14 also increases proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in vitro and increases tumor size in a mouse orthotopic model using GSCs.{45524} The expression of METTL3 and METTL14 is reduced in juvenile patients with ETV6/RUNX1(E/R)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).{45522} Cayman’s METTL3/14 Complex Monoclonal Antibody can be used for ELISA and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes METTL3 and METTL14 at approximately 64 and 52 kDa, respectively, from human samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29313 - 200 µg

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  • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, also designated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, are cell-surface receptors that bind foreign peptides and present them to T lymphocytes.{33427} MHC class I molecules consist of two polypeptide chains, an α or heavy chain, and β2-microglobulin, a non-covalently associated protein.{28687} Cytotoxic T lymphocytes bind antigenic peptides presented by MHC class I molecules.{33425} Antigens that bind to MHC class I molecules are typically 8-10 residues in length and are stabilized in a peptide binding groove.{33426} HLA-class I MHC antigens are intrinsic membrane glycoproteins expressed on nucleated cells and non-covalently associated with an invariant β2-microglobulin. They carry foreign determinants important for immune recognition by cytotoxic T cells and are thus important for antiviral and antitumor defense. {33425} Human HLA-class I antigens are represented by HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C molecules  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20898 - 100 µg

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  • Cayman’s Microcystin ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of microcystin in natural water samples. The assay has a range of 27.4-8,000 pg/ml with a mid-point of approximately 660 pg/ml (50% B/B0) and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 196 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:502000 - 96 solid well

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  • Cayman’s Microcystin ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for quantification of microcystin in natural water samples. The assay has a range of 27.4-8,000 pg/ml with a mid-point of approximately 660 pg/ml (50% B/B0) and a sensitivity (80% B/B0) of approximately 196 pg/ml.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:502000 - 96 strip well

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  • Microcystin ELISA Standard has been tested and formulated to work exclusively with Cayman’s Microcystin ELISA Kit (Item No. 502000). Please visit Microcystin ELISA Kit (Item No. 502000) for the kit protocol, procedures, and product handling.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:502003 - 1 µg

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  • Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine encoded by the MIF gene.{45618} It is released from white blood cells upon stimulation by bacterial antigens or glucocorticoids and from the anterior pituitary in response to trauma. MIF binds to CD74 receptors on macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic, and endothelial cells and stimulates expression and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as COX-2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and nitric oxide. MIF knockdown is protective against LPS-induced shock and MIF pro-inflammatory signaling is positively correlated with arthritis, colitis, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which is associated with cardiovascular surgery, sepsis, and injury-mediated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).{45618,24687} MIF is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, including pancreatic, prostate, breast, colon, brain, lung, and skin, and has been shown to promote hypoxia-induced HIF-1α stabilization leading to changes in the tumor microenvironment and stimulation of angiogenesis and neovascularization.{24686} MIF is also an enzymatically active keto-enol tautomerase that is inhibited by isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane.{24684} Cayman’s MIF Polyclonal Antibody can be used for ELISA and Western blot applications. The antibody recognizes MIF at 12.5 kDa from human samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28717 - 500 µl

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  • The condensation of the dicarboxylate oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to the tricarboxylate citrate is catalyzed by citrate synthase. It is within this reaction that carbon molecules (as acetyl CoA) obtained from pyruvate oxidation are fed into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA or citric acid) cycle. As a mitochondrial enzyme, citrate synthase is commonly used as a normalization factor for mitochondrial protein, but can also be used as a biomarker for mitochondrial content in a tissue homogenate. Cayman’s MitoCheck® Citrate Synthase Activity Assay Kit allows for the simple and convenient determination of citrate synthase activity from isolated mitochondria, tissue, or cell homogenates. This assay measures the production of SH-CoA by monitoring the absorbance of Citrate Synthase Developing Reagent at 412 nm in a convenient 96-well format.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:701040 - 96 wells

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  • Complex I (NADH oxidase/Co-enzyme Q reductase) is one of the major sites of electron entry into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Complex I catalyzes the 2 electron oxidation of NADH followed by the reduction of ubiquinone (Q) to form ubiquinol (QH2), and ultimately the reduction of the terminal electron acceptor, O2. During the passage of electrons from NADH to Q, the translocation of four protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space occurs, contributing to the chemiosmotic proton gradient, which is required for oxidative phosphorylation. Cayman’s MitoCheck® Complex I Activity Assay allows for the activity of complex I to be determined without the need to isolate mitochondria or pre-incubate with antibodies. The rate of NADH oxidation is measured by a decrease in absorbance at 340 nm and is proportional to the activity of complex I. For the use of this kit with other types of tissue mitochondria, please see Cayman’s MitoCheck® Mitochondrial (Tissue) Isolation Kit (Item No. 701010).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700930 - 96 wells

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  • Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase/co-enzyme Q reductase) is one of the major sites of electron entry into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Complex II catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate, and in the process reduces ubiquinone (Q) to ubiquinol (QH2). Ultimately, oxidation of succinate will lead to reduction of O2, the terminal step in mitochondrial respiration. Cayman’s MitoCheck® Complex II Activity Assay allows for the activity of complex II to be determined without the need to isolate mitochondria or pre-incubate with antibodies. As complex II oxidizes succinate, electrons are passed to an analog of ubiquinone and then on to DCPIP, which, when oxidized, absorbs in the 600 nm range. The absorbance of DCPIP will decrease upon reduction. Thus, Complex II activity is measured as a decrease in absorbance at 600 nm over time. For the use of this kit with other types of tissue mitochondria, please see Cayman’s MitoCheck® Mitochondrial (Tissue) Isolation Kit (Item No. 701010).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700940 - 96 wells

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  • Complex III (CoQ cytochrome c oxidoreductase) is an essential protein for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Complex III functions as both a gatekeeper for mitochondrial respiration and as a major source of reactive oxygen species III. It accepts electrons from complexes I and II in the form of QH2, the reduced form of the electron carrier ubiquinone. Once bound to complex III, QH2 undergoes a series of redox reactions, known as the Q-cycle. During the Q-cycle, electrons are passed from QH2 onto cytochrome c via the Rieske iron-sulfur protein and cytochrome c1 resulting in the translocation of 4H+ and the generation of 02•-. Cayman’s MitoCheck® Complex II/III Activity Assay measures the reduction of excess cytochrome c (550 nm absorbance) as catalyzed by complex III. This assay is coupled to succinate co-enzyme Q oxidoreductase (complex II) for the generation of QH2. Due to the dependence on complex II activity, a counter-screen for complex II activity (Item No. 700940) should be performed in order to truly measure complex III activity. For the use of this kit with other types of tissue mitochondria, please see Cayman’s MitoCheck® Mitochondrial (Tissue) Isolation Kit (Item No. 701010).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700950 - 96 wells

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  • Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) is the terminal electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Complex IV functions by oxidizing cytochrome c and completing a four-electron reduction of oxygen (O2) to form water. During this process, two H+ are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, contributing the mitochondrial membrane potential required for ATP synthesis. Common inhibitors of complex IV include potassium cyanide, azide, O2 limitation, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide. Cayman’s MitoCheck® Complex IV Activity Assay is designed to measure the direct oxidation of cytochrome c by complex IV, in an isolated bovine heart mitochondrial system that is supplied within the kit. For the use of this kit with other types of tissue mitochondria, please see Cayman’s MitoCheck® Mitochondrial (Tissue) Isolation Kit (Item No. 701010).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700990 - 96 wells

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  • The mitochondrial F1FO ATP synthase, commonly referred to as complex V, is a multi-subunit protein that utilizes energy in the form of a proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain, to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP in the presence of Pi. This mechanism, referred to as oxidative phosphorylation, is responsible for ~90% of ATP generation in mammalian cells. Cayman’s MitoCheck® Complex V Activity Assay measures the activity of Complex V, in the reverse reaction, as an ATPase in the mitochondrial samples provided. In this assay, ATP is dephosphorylated ADP by complex V. The ADP is then utilized by pyruvate kinase to convert phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate with the concomitant generation of ATP. Pyruvate, in the presence of NADH and lactate dehydrogenase, is then reduced to lactate and NAD+. The rate of NADH oxidation is monitored at 340 nm. Isolated bovine heart mitochondria are provided in this kit. Tissue mitochondria can also be acquired using Cayman’s MitoCheck® Mitochondrial (Tissue) Isolation Kit (Item No. 701010).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:701000 - 96 wells

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  • Mitochondria are organelles best known for their role in ATP production.{56130} They also have roles in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, carbohydrate and fatty acid catabolism, and the synthesis of steroids and other lipids. Mutations in mtDNA or nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are associated with a wide variety of human pathologies including Parkinson’s disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) subtype 2A, and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).{56131,56132,56133} Cayman’s Mitochondria Monoclonal Antibody can be used for immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes an undefined mitochondrial protein at approximately 60 kDa from human samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29283 - 100 µl

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700931 - 10 ml

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700941 - 10 ml

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700951 - 10 ml

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700991 - 10 ml

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:701001 - 10 ml

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  • Mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) is a tail-anchored membrane protein with roles in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission.{55234,59142} It is localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria, as well as the membrane-restricted regions of elongated peroxisomes. It is composed of a cytoplasmic N-terminus that functions as a receptor for the GTPases dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and dynamin-like protein 1 (DLP1), a central coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain.{59144} siRNA knockdown of MFF inhibits DRP1 recruitment and mitochondrial fission induced by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and delays cytochrome c release from mitochondria and apoptotic progression in vitro.{55234,59144} MicroRNA knockdown of MFF inhibits norepinephrine-induced hypertrophy and mitochondrial fission in isolated neonatal rat ventricular cells.{59144} MFF is overexpressed in various cancer cells and knockdown of MFF reduces tumor volume in a PC3 mouse xenograft model.{59143} Cayman’s Mitochondrial Fission Factor Polyclonal Antibody can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes MFF at approximately 38 kDa from human, bovine, and mouse samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29284 - 100 µl

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  • Cayman’s Mitochondrial PT Pore Assay Kit utilizes the calcein/cobalt technique multiplexed with TMRE, allowing for the measurement of both membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). This assay has been adapted for use with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, and includes controls for Δψm depolarization (FCCP) and calcein quenching without the loss of membrane potential (Calcein Quenching Control).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:601430 - 100 tests

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  • As one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell, mitochondrial ROS has often been difficult to single out from the other sources of ROS within the cell. While some ROS dyes such as DHE and DCFDA tend to be less location-specific and dyes such as ADHP are only extracellular, Mitochondrial ROS Detection Reagent is targeted primarily to the mitochondrion making Mitochondrial ROS Detection Reagent an ideal reagent to study mitochondrial ROS.{32281,4059,24620}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:701600 - 96 wells

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600582 - 550 µl

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  • Most histone lysine methyltransferases contain a conserved domain (SET) that utilizes S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM or AdoMet) as a co-factor to catalyze the methylation of the epsilon amino group of lysine. Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL1) is a member of the trithorax group (trxG)/Set1-like family of gene activators that contains histone methyltransferase activity specific for lysine 4 of histone H3. This methylation plays an important role in gene activation at various developmentally regulated loci, such as the Hox gene loci. This fluorescence polarization assay is based upon a proprietary small molecule fluorescent probe* that binds to the SAM binding pocket in MLL1. Binding of the small molecule probe to MLL1 induces an increase in fluorescence polarization. Binding of the probe can be competed with the endogenous cofactor SAM or by the inhibitor sinefungin, but is unaffected by the histone H3 peptide substrate. The MLL1 SAM-Screener™ Assay is robust (Z’ >0.6) and exhibits a greater than 100 mP shift over a range of 0-500 nM MLL1. The assay is suitable for high-throughput screening in the provided 384-well plate or can be scaled to higher density plate formats (e.g., 1,536-well) if desired. *United States Patent 9,120,820  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600580 - 1920 wells

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  • Most histone lysine methyltransferases contain a conserved domain (SET) that utilizes S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM or AdoMet) as a co-factor to catalyze the methylation of the epsilon amino group of lysine. Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL1) is a member of the trithorax group (trxG)/Set1-like family of gene activators that contains histone methyltransferase activity specific for lysine 4 of histone H3. This methylation plays an important role in gene activation at various developmentally regulated loci, such as the Hox gene loci. This fluorescence polarization assay is based upon a proprietary small molecule fluorescent probe* that binds to the SAM binding pocket in MLL1. Binding of the small molecule probe to MLL1 induces an increase in fluorescence polarization. Binding of the probe can be competed with the endogenous cofactor SAM or by the inhibitor sinefungin, but is unaffected by the histone H3 peptide substrate. The MLL1 SAM-Screener™ Assay is robust (Z’ >0.6) and exhibits a greater than 100 mP shift over a range of 0-500 nM MLL1. The assay is suitable for high-throughput screening in the provided 384-well plate or can be scaled to higher density plate formats (e.g., 1,536-well) if desired. *United States Patent 9,120,820  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600580 - 384 wells

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  • Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenously produced intracellular enzyme present in almost every cell in the body.{15491} It catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical O2- to O2 and H2O2.{15490,15493} There are two main types of SOD in mammalian cells. One form, SOD1, contains Cu and Zn ions as a homodimer and exists in the cytoplasm. The two subunits of 16 kDa each are linked by two cystines forming an intra-subunit disulphide bridge.{15491} The second form, SOD2, is a manganese-containing enzyme and resides in the mitochondrial matrix. It is a homotetramer of 80 kDa. The third form, SOD3 or EC-SOD, is like SOD1 in that it contains Cu and Zn ions, however it is distinct in that it is a homotetramer, with a mass of 30 kDa and it exists only in the extra-cellular space.{15494} SOD3 can also be distinguished by its heparin-binding capacity.{15489}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10011390 - 100 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenously produced intracellular enzyme present in almost every cell in the body.{15491} It catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical O2- to O2 and H2O2.{15490,15493} There are two main types of SOD in mammalian cells. One form, SOD1, contains Cu and Zn ions as a homodimer and exists in the cytoplasm. The two subunits of 16 kDa each are linked by two cystines forming an intra-subunit disulphide bridge.{15491} The second form, SOD2, is a manganese-containing enzyme and resides in the mitochondrial matrix. It is a homotetramer of 80 kDa. The third form, SOD3 or EC-SOD, is like SOD1 in that it contains Cu and Zn ions, however it is distinct in that it is a homotetramer, with a mass of 30 kDa and it exists only in the extra-cellular space.{15494} SOD3 can also be distinguished by its heparin-binding capacity.{15489}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10011390 - 25 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenously-produced intracellular enzyme present in almost every cell in the body.{15491} It catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical O2- to O2 and H2O2.{15490,15493} There are two main types of SOD in mammalian cells. One form, SOD1, contains Cu and Zn ions as a homodimer and exists in the cytoplasm. The two subunits of 16 kDa each are linked by two cystines forming an intra-subunit disulphide bridge.{15491} The second form, SOD2, is a manganese-containing enzyme and resides in the mitochondrial matrix. It is a homotetramer of 80 kDa. The third form, SOD3 or EC-SOD, is like SOD1 in that it contains Cu and Zn ions, however it is distinct in that it is a homotetramer, with a mass of 30 kDa and it exists only in the extra-cellular space.{15494} SOD3 can also be distinguished by its heparin-binding capacity.{15489}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10011389 - 100 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenously-produced intracellular enzyme present in almost every cell in the body.{15491} It catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical O2- to O2 and H2O2.{15490,15493} There are two main types of SOD in mammalian cells. One form, SOD1, contains Cu and Zn ions as a homodimer and exists in the cytoplasm. The two subunits of 16 kDa each are linked by two cystines forming an intra-subunit disulphide bridge.{15491} The second form, SOD2, is a manganese-containing enzyme and resides in the mitochondrial matrix. It is a homotetramer of 80 kDa. The third form, SOD3 or EC-SOD, is like SOD1 in that it contains Cu and Zn ions, however it is distinct in that it is a homotetramer, with a mass of 30 kDa and it exists only in the extra-cellular space.{15494} SOD3 can also be distinguished by its heparin-binding capacity.{15489}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10011389 - 25 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate Activin A. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0301-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate APP. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0658-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate BDNF. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0307-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate BMP-2. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0311-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate BMP-4. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0314-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate BMP-5. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0310-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate Cadherin-2/N-Cadherin. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0669-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate CD56/NCAM-1. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0706-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate CXCL14. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK1285-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate Epiregulin. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK1394-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate FGF1. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0339-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate FGF7/KGF. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0820-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate GDF5. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK1504-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate GREM2. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK1533-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate IGF-2. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0379-PR

    Available on backorder

  • Sandwich High Sensitivity ELISA kit for Quantitative Detection of monkey primate IGFBP7. 96wells/kit, with removable strips.   

     

    Brand:
    Boster Bio
    SKU:EK0991-PR

    Available on backorder