Chemicals

Showing 10201–10350 of 41137 results

  • Asunaprevir is an inhibitor of the hepatitis C non-structural 3/4A serine protease, which is required for viral replication.{32953} It is a direct-acting inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV).{32953,32952} It is commonly used in combination with daclatasvir and beclabuvir, which are also direct-acting HCV inhibitors.{32953}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20835 -

    Out of stock

  • Asunaprevir is an inhibitor of the hepatitis C non-structural 3/4A serine protease, which is required for viral replication.{32953} It is a direct-acting inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV).{32953,32952} It is commonly used in combination with daclatasvir and beclabuvir, which are also direct-acting HCV inhibitors.{32953}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20835 -

    Out of stock

  • Asunaprevir is an inhibitor of the hepatitis C non-structural 3/4A serine protease, which is required for viral replication.{32953} It is a direct-acting inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV).{32953,32952} It is commonly used in combination with daclatasvir and beclabuvir, which are also direct-acting HCV inhibitors.{32953}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20835 -

    Out of stock

  • Aszonalenin is a hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-containing fungal metabolite produced by A. zonatus and N. tatenoi.{41719,41720}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25018 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Aszonalenin is a hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-containing fungal metabolite produced by A. zonatus and N. tatenoi.{41719,41720}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25018 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Aszonapyrone A is a meroditerpene fungal metabolite that has been found in Neosartorya and has diverse biological activities.{41303,41304,41720} It inhibits the growth of MCF-7, NCI H460, and A375-C5 cancer cells (GI50s = 13.6, 11.6, and 10.2 μM, respectively).{41303} Aszonapyrone A is active against multidrug-resistant isolates of S. aureus, E. faecalis, and E. faecium (MICs = 8, 16, and 16 μg/ml, respectively) and inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation.{41304} It is also active against P. falciparum in vitro (IC50 = 1.34 μg/ml).{41720}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29940 - 2.5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Aszonapyrone A is a meroditerpene fungal metabolite that has been found in Neosartorya and has diverse biological activities.{41303,41304,41720} It inhibits the growth of MCF-7, NCI H460, and A375-C5 cancer cells (GI50s = 13.6, 11.6, and 10.2 μM, respectively).{41303} Aszonapyrone A is active against multidrug-resistant isolates of S. aureus, E. faecalis, and E. faecium (MICs = 8, 16, and 16 μg/ml, respectively) and inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation.{41304} It is also active against P. falciparum in vitro (IC50 = 1.34 μg/ml).{41720}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29940 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • AT-121 is a dual μ-opioid and nociceptin receptor partial agonist (Kis = 16.49 and 3.67 nM, respectively).{35507} It stimulates [35S]GTPγS binding to cell membranes expressing μ-opioid or nociceptin receptors (EC50s = 19.6 and 34.7 nM, respectively). AT-121 (0.003-0.03 mg/kg) decreases capsaicin-induced thermal allodynia without increasing scratching activity in rhesus monkeys in a dose-dependent manner. It lacks reinforcing effects, a marker of abuse potential, and reduces oxycodone, but not food pellet, reinforcement in a drug self-administration assay in rhesus monkeys when administered at doses ranging from 0.3 to 10 μg/kg per injection. AT-121 (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg) does not induce hyperalgesia, a marker of tolerance development, in rhesus monkeys.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26150 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • AT-121 is a dual μ-opioid and nociceptin receptor partial agonist (Kis = 16.49 and 3.67 nM, respectively).{35507} It stimulates [35S]GTPγS binding to cell membranes expressing μ-opioid or nociceptin receptors (EC50s = 19.6 and 34.7 nM, respectively). AT-121 (0.003-0.03 mg/kg) decreases capsaicin-induced thermal allodynia without increasing scratching activity in rhesus monkeys in a dose-dependent manner. It lacks reinforcing effects, a marker of abuse potential, and reduces oxycodone, but not food pellet, reinforcement in a drug self-administration assay in rhesus monkeys when administered at doses ranging from 0.3 to 10 μg/kg per injection. AT-121 (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg) does not induce hyperalgesia, a marker of tolerance development, in rhesus monkeys.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26150 - 100 µg

    Available on backorder

  • AT-121 is a dual μ-opioid and nociceptin receptor partial agonist (Kis = 16.49 and 3.67 nM, respectively).{35507} It stimulates [35S]GTPγS binding to cell membranes expressing μ-opioid or nociceptin receptors (EC50s = 19.6 and 34.7 nM, respectively). AT-121 (0.003-0.03 mg/kg) decreases capsaicin-induced thermal allodynia without increasing scratching activity in rhesus monkeys in a dose-dependent manner. It lacks reinforcing effects, a marker of abuse potential, and reduces oxycodone, but not food pellet, reinforcement in a drug self-administration assay in rhesus monkeys when administered at doses ranging from 0.3 to 10 μg/kg per injection. AT-121 (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg) does not induce hyperalgesia, a marker of tolerance development, in rhesus monkeys.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26150 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • AT-13148 is an orally bioavailable and ATP-competitive multi-AGC kinase inhibitor.{38275} It inhibits Akt1, 2, and 3 (IC50s = 38, 402, and 50 nM, respectively), in addition to other AGC kinase family members p70S6K, PKA, ROCK-I, and ROCK-II (IC50s = 3-8 nM). AT-13148 inhibits growth of cancer cell lines with genetic mutations in PI3K-Akt-mTOR and RAS-RAF signaling pathways (GI50s = 1.54-3.77 μM). In vivo administration of AT-13148 (50 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibits the growth of MES-SA uterine sarcoma and BT474 breast cancer xenografts in mice by inhibiting Akt and p70S6K kinases. AT-13148 also stably inhibits ROCK-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC2) over a 24-hour period in 4599 mouse melanoma cells (EC50 = 0.1 μM).{38276} Oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg reduces motility of 4699 melanoma cells in murine xenograft model.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21597 -

    Out of stock

  • AT-13148 is an orally bioavailable and ATP-competitive multi-AGC kinase inhibitor.{38275} It inhibits Akt1, 2, and 3 (IC50s = 38, 402, and 50 nM, respectively), in addition to other AGC kinase family members p70S6K, PKA, ROCK-I, and ROCK-II (IC50s = 3-8 nM). AT-13148 inhibits growth of cancer cell lines with genetic mutations in PI3K-Akt-mTOR and RAS-RAF signaling pathways (GI50s = 1.54-3.77 μM). In vivo administration of AT-13148 (50 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibits the growth of MES-SA uterine sarcoma and BT474 breast cancer xenografts in mice by inhibiting Akt and p70S6K kinases. AT-13148 also stably inhibits ROCK-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC2) over a 24-hour period in 4599 mouse melanoma cells (EC50 = 0.1 μM).{38276} Oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg reduces motility of 4699 melanoma cells in murine xenograft model.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21597 -

    Out of stock

  • AT-13148 is an orally bioavailable and ATP-competitive multi-AGC kinase inhibitor.{38275} It inhibits Akt1, 2, and 3 (IC50s = 38, 402, and 50 nM, respectively), in addition to other AGC kinase family members p70S6K, PKA, ROCK-I, and ROCK-II (IC50s = 3-8 nM). AT-13148 inhibits growth of cancer cell lines with genetic mutations in PI3K-Akt-mTOR and RAS-RAF signaling pathways (GI50s = 1.54-3.77 μM). In vivo administration of AT-13148 (50 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibits the growth of MES-SA uterine sarcoma and BT474 breast cancer xenografts in mice by inhibiting Akt and p70S6K kinases. AT-13148 also stably inhibits ROCK-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC2) over a 24-hour period in 4599 mouse melanoma cells (EC50 = 0.1 μM).{38276} Oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg reduces motility of 4699 melanoma cells in murine xenograft model.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21597 -

    Out of stock

  • AT-13148 is an orally bioavailable and ATP-competitive multi-AGC kinase inhibitor.{38275} It inhibits Akt1, 2, and 3 (IC50s = 38, 402, and 50 nM, respectively), in addition to other AGC kinase family members p70S6K, PKA, ROCK-I, and ROCK-II (IC50s = 3-8 nM). AT-13148 inhibits growth of cancer cell lines with genetic mutations in PI3K-Akt-mTOR and RAS-RAF signaling pathways (GI50s = 1.54-3.77 μM). In vivo administration of AT-13148 (50 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibits the growth of MES-SA uterine sarcoma and BT474 breast cancer xenografts in mice by inhibiting Akt and p70S6K kinases. AT-13148 also stably inhibits ROCK-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC2) over a 24-hour period in 4599 mouse melanoma cells (EC50 = 0.1 μM).{38276} Oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg reduces motility of 4699 melanoma cells in murine xenograft model.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21597 -

    Out of stock

  • AT-406 is an orally bioavailable Smac/DIABLO mimetic and antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). It binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Ki values of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively.{31969} It has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines and to induce apoptosis in xenograft tumors in mice.{31969,31968}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19929 -

    Available on backorder

  • AT-406 is an orally bioavailable Smac/DIABLO mimetic and antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). It binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Ki values of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively.{31969} It has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines and to induce apoptosis in xenograft tumors in mice.{31969,31968}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19929 -

    Available on backorder

  • AT-406 is an orally bioavailable Smac/DIABLO mimetic and antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). It binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Ki values of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively.{31969} It has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines and to induce apoptosis in xenograft tumors in mice.{31969,31968}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19929 -

    Available on backorder

  • AT-406 is an orally bioavailable Smac/DIABLO mimetic and antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). It binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Ki values of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively.{31969} It has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth in various human cancer cell lines and to induce apoptosis in xenograft tumors in mice.{31969,31968}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19929 -

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to produce PGD2. PGD2 induces sleep, regulates nociception, inhibits platelet aggregation, and acts as an allergic mediator. Two distinct types of PGDS have been identified, namely the lipocalin-type enzyme (β-trace, L-PGDS) and the hematopoietic-type enzyme (H-PGDS).{8448,9588,12044} L-PGDS is localized in the central nervous system, male genital organs of various mammals, and the human heart and is a major protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).{8448} AT-56 is a selective, competitive, and highly bioavailable inhibitor of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) with a Ki value of 75 µM.{16647} It inhibits the production of PGD2 by L-PGDS-expressing cells purified from human CSF and recombinant mouse cells with an IC50 value of 95 µM.{16647} At concentrations as high as 100 µM in vitro or 30 mg/kg in vivo, AT-56 does not affect the production of PGE2, PGF2α, or H-PGDS-catalyzed PGD2.{16647} At 10 mg/kg AT-56, the numbers of total cells, infiltrating eosinophils, and monocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of L-PGDS transgenic mice were decreased to 23, 6, and 41% of controls, respectively.{16647}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to produce PGD2. PGD2 induces sleep, regulates nociception, inhibits platelet aggregation, and acts as an allergic mediator. Two distinct types of PGDS have been identified, namely the lipocalin-type enzyme (β-trace, L-PGDS) and the hematopoietic-type enzyme (H-PGDS).{8448,9588,12044} L-PGDS is localized in the central nervous system, male genital organs of various mammals, and the human heart and is a major protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).{8448} AT-56 is a selective, competitive, and highly bioavailable inhibitor of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) with a Ki value of 75 µM.{16647} It inhibits the production of PGD2 by L-PGDS-expressing cells purified from human CSF and recombinant mouse cells with an IC50 value of 95 µM.{16647} At concentrations as high as 100 µM in vitro or 30 mg/kg in vivo, AT-56 does not affect the production of PGE2, PGF2α, or H-PGDS-catalyzed PGD2.{16647} At 10 mg/kg AT-56, the numbers of total cells, infiltrating eosinophils, and monocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of L-PGDS transgenic mice were decreased to 23, 6, and 41% of controls, respectively.{16647}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to produce PGD2. PGD2 induces sleep, regulates nociception, inhibits platelet aggregation, and acts as an allergic mediator. Two distinct types of PGDS have been identified, namely the lipocalin-type enzyme (β-trace, L-PGDS) and the hematopoietic-type enzyme (H-PGDS).{8448,9588,12044} L-PGDS is localized in the central nervous system, male genital organs of various mammals, and the human heart and is a major protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).{8448} AT-56 is a selective, competitive, and highly bioavailable inhibitor of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) with a Ki value of 75 µM.{16647} It inhibits the production of PGD2 by L-PGDS-expressing cells purified from human CSF and recombinant mouse cells with an IC50 value of 95 µM.{16647} At concentrations as high as 100 µM in vitro or 30 mg/kg in vivo, AT-56 does not affect the production of PGE2, PGF2α, or H-PGDS-catalyzed PGD2.{16647} At 10 mg/kg AT-56, the numbers of total cells, infiltrating eosinophils, and monocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of L-PGDS transgenic mice were decreased to 23, 6, and 41% of controls, respectively.{16647}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to produce PGD2. PGD2 induces sleep, regulates nociception, inhibits platelet aggregation, and acts as an allergic mediator. Two distinct types of PGDS have been identified, namely the lipocalin-type enzyme (β-trace, L-PGDS) and the hematopoietic-type enzyme (H-PGDS).{8448,9588,12044} L-PGDS is localized in the central nervous system, male genital organs of various mammals, and the human heart and is a major protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).{8448} AT-56 is a selective, competitive, and highly bioavailable inhibitor of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) with a Ki value of 75 µM.{16647} It inhibits the production of PGD2 by L-PGDS-expressing cells purified from human CSF and recombinant mouse cells with an IC50 value of 95 µM.{16647} At concentrations as high as 100 µM in vitro or 30 mg/kg in vivo, AT-56 does not affect the production of PGE2, PGF2α, or H-PGDS-catalyzed PGD2.{16647} At 10 mg/kg AT-56, the numbers of total cells, infiltrating eosinophils, and monocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of L-PGDS transgenic mice were decreased to 23, 6, and 41% of controls, respectively.{16647}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • AT-9283 is a broad spectrum kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits Aurora A, Aurora B, JAK2, JAK3, and c-ABL (IC50s = 3, 3, 1.2, 1.1, and 4 nM, respectively).{24830} It also potently (IC50 = receptor tyrosine kinases.{24830} As Aurora kinases have roles in mitosis, inhibitors of these kinases, including AT-9283, have potential in cancer therapy.{24832} Consistent with this, AT-9283 is effective in preventing proliferation of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and this effect may be enhanced by combination therapy with other chemotherapeutics.{24831,24829}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11496 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • AT-9283 is a broad spectrum kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits Aurora A, Aurora B, JAK2, JAK3, and c-ABL (IC50s = 3, 3, 1.2, 1.1, and 4 nM, respectively).{24830} It also potently (IC50 = receptor tyrosine kinases.{24830} As Aurora kinases have roles in mitosis, inhibitors of these kinases, including AT-9283, have potential in cancer therapy.{24832} Consistent with this, AT-9283 is effective in preventing proliferation of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and this effect may be enhanced by combination therapy with other chemotherapeutics.{24831,24829}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11496 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • AT-9283 is a broad spectrum kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits Aurora A, Aurora B, JAK2, JAK3, and c-ABL (IC50s = 3, 3, 1.2, 1.1, and 4 nM, respectively).{24830} It also potently (IC50 = receptor tyrosine kinases.{24830} As Aurora kinases have roles in mitosis, inhibitors of these kinases, including AT-9283, have potential in cancer therapy.{24832} Consistent with this, AT-9283 is effective in preventing proliferation of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and this effect may be enhanced by combination therapy with other chemotherapeutics.{24831,24829}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11496 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • AT-9283 is a broad spectrum kinase inhibitor that potently inhibits Aurora A, Aurora B, JAK2, JAK3, and c-ABL (IC50s = 3, 3, 1.2, 1.1, and 4 nM, respectively).{24830} It also potently (IC50 = receptor tyrosine kinases.{24830} As Aurora kinases have roles in mitosis, inhibitors of these kinases, including AT-9283, have potential in cancer therapy.{24832} Consistent with this, AT-9283 is effective in preventing proliferation of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and this effect may be enhanced by combination therapy with other chemotherapeutics.{24831,24829}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11496 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • AT7519 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) with IC50 values of 210, 47, 100, 13, 170, and 50 = 89 nM).{30113} AT7519 demonstrates antiproliferative activity against a wide variety of human tumor cell lines (IC50s = 40-940 nM in vitro), inhibiting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis, and prevents tumor growth in human tumor xenograft models.{30113,30112} AT7519 induces activation of GSK3β by down-regulating GSK3β phosphorylation, which contributes to AT7519-induced apoptosis.{30112}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • AT7519 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) with IC50 values of 210, 47, 100, 13, 170, and 50 = 89 nM).{30113} AT7519 demonstrates antiproliferative activity against a wide variety of human tumor cell lines (IC50s = 40-940 nM in vitro), inhibiting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis, and prevents tumor growth in human tumor xenograft models.{30113,30112} AT7519 induces activation of GSK3β by down-regulating GSK3β phosphorylation, which contributes to AT7519-induced apoptosis.{30112}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • AT7519 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) with IC50 values of 210, 47, 100, 13, 170, and 50 = 89 nM).{30113} AT7519 demonstrates antiproliferative activity against a wide variety of human tumor cell lines (IC50s = 40-940 nM in vitro), inhibiting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis, and prevents tumor growth in human tumor xenograft models.{30113,30112} AT7519 induces activation of GSK3β by down-regulating GSK3β phosphorylation, which contributes to AT7519-induced apoptosis.{30112}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • AT7519 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) with IC50 values of 210, 47, 100, 13, 170, and 50 = 89 nM).{30113} AT7519 demonstrates antiproliferative activity against a wide variety of human tumor cell lines (IC50s = 40-940 nM in vitro), inhibiting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis, and prevents tumor growth in human tumor xenograft models.{30113,30112} AT7519 induces activation of GSK3β by down-regulating GSK3β phosphorylation, which contributes to AT7519-induced apoptosis.{30112}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • AT7867 is a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of Akt isoforms Akt1, 2, and 3 (IC50s = 32, 17, and 47 nM, respectively).{33635} It also inhibits p70S6 kinase and PKA (IC50s = 85 and 20 nM, respectively), but is without effect against a panel of other kinases.{33635} AT7867 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro and suppresses tumor growth of PTEN-deficient xenografts in mice.{33635}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • AT7867 is a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of Akt isoforms Akt1, 2, and 3 (IC50s = 32, 17, and 47 nM, respectively).{33635} It also inhibits p70S6 kinase and PKA (IC50s = 85 and 20 nM, respectively), but is without effect against a panel of other kinases.{33635} AT7867 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro and suppresses tumor growth of PTEN-deficient xenografts in mice.{33635}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • AT7867 is a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of Akt isoforms Akt1, 2, and 3 (IC50s = 32, 17, and 47 nM, respectively).{33635} It also inhibits p70S6 kinase and PKA (IC50s = 85 and 20 nM, respectively), but is without effect against a panel of other kinases.{33635} AT7867 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro and suppresses tumor growth of PTEN-deficient xenografts in mice.{33635}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary cellular receptor for NO. NO binds and activates a heme group in sGC, initiating the conversion of GTP to the second messenger cGMP. cGMP subsequently mediates a number of signaling cascades leading to vasorelaxation and inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation, leukocyte recruitment, and platelet aggregation. Oxidation of the heme results in its dissociation from sGC and an impairment of NO signaling, which has been linked to hypertension, hyperlidemia, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.{26751} Ataciguat is an anthranilic acid derivative that activates the oxidized (heme-free) form of sGC (EC50 = 0.5-10 µM in purified bovine lung or crude human corpus cavernosum isolates) by binding to the heme pocket and mimicking its function.{26751,26750,26752} It has been shown to increase cGMP levels in cultured rat aorta smooth muscle cells and to induce vasorelaxation of isolated rat aorta, porcine coronary arteries, and human corpus cavernosum (EC50 = 1-10 µM).{26750}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary cellular receptor for NO. NO binds and activates a heme group in sGC, initiating the conversion of GTP to the second messenger cGMP. cGMP subsequently mediates a number of signaling cascades leading to vasorelaxation and inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation, leukocyte recruitment, and platelet aggregation. Oxidation of the heme results in its dissociation from sGC and an impairment of NO signaling, which has been linked to hypertension, hyperlidemia, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.{26751} Ataciguat is an anthranilic acid derivative that activates the oxidized (heme-free) form of sGC (EC50 = 0.5-10 µM in purified bovine lung or crude human corpus cavernosum isolates) by binding to the heme pocket and mimicking its function.{26751,26750,26752} It has been shown to increase cGMP levels in cultured rat aorta smooth muscle cells and to induce vasorelaxation of isolated rat aorta, porcine coronary arteries, and human corpus cavernosum (EC50 = 1-10 µM).{26750}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary cellular receptor for NO. NO binds and activates a heme group in sGC, initiating the conversion of GTP to the second messenger cGMP. cGMP subsequently mediates a number of signaling cascades leading to vasorelaxation and inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation, leukocyte recruitment, and platelet aggregation. Oxidation of the heme results in its dissociation from sGC and an impairment of NO signaling, which has been linked to hypertension, hyperlidemia, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.{26751} Ataciguat is an anthranilic acid derivative that activates the oxidized (heme-free) form of sGC (EC50 = 0.5-10 µM in purified bovine lung or crude human corpus cavernosum isolates) by binding to the heme pocket and mimicking its function.{26751,26750,26752} It has been shown to increase cGMP levels in cultured rat aorta smooth muscle cells and to induce vasorelaxation of isolated rat aorta, porcine coronary arteries, and human corpus cavernosum (EC50 = 1-10 µM).{26750}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Atazanavir is an azapeptide inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (Ki = 2.66 nM).{24185} It has antiviral activity against a variety of HIV-1 strains in several cell types with EC50 values ranging from 2.62 to 5.28 nM. Atazanavir exhibits a minor synergistic effect when used in combination with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine (Item No. 15492) in HIV-1-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and an additive effect when used in combination with several additional reverse transcriptase or HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Atazanavir also inhibits UDP-glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), which is involved in bilirubin clearance.{24184} Formulations containing atazanavir have been used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11733 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atazanavir is an azapeptide inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (Ki = 2.66 nM).{24185} It has antiviral activity against a variety of HIV-1 strains in several cell types with EC50 values ranging from 2.62 to 5.28 nM. Atazanavir exhibits a minor synergistic effect when used in combination with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine (Item No. 15492) in HIV-1-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and an additive effect when used in combination with several additional reverse transcriptase or HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Atazanavir also inhibits UDP-glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), which is involved in bilirubin clearance.{24184} Formulations containing atazanavir have been used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11733 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atazanavir-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of atazanavir (Item No. 11733) by GC- or LC-MS. Atazanavir is an azapeptide inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (Ki = 2.66 nM).{24185} It has antiviral activity against a variety of HIV-1 strains in several cell types with EC50 values ranging from 2.62 to 5.28 nM. Atazanavir exhibits a minor synergistic effect when used in combination with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine (Item No. 15492) in HIV-1-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and an additive effect when used in combination with several additional reverse transcriptase or HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Atazanavir also inhibits UDP-glucuronyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), which is involved in bilirubin clearance.{24184} Formulations containing atazanavir have been used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26456 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636,15971} Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, are some of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs available but exhibit significant side effects, particularly gastric damage, when used chronically. ATB-337 is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID diclofenac.{16442} In rats, diclofenac at 10-50 µmol/kg caused significant gastrointestinal damage, whereas no damage was observed with ATB-337 treatment at the same dose. ATB-337 at 50 µmol/kg does not promote leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium, an effect observed with diclofenac treatment alone. COX-1 and COX-2 were inhibited with similar efficacy by diclofenac and ABT-337. An increase in expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α, as well as, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were not observed in rats treated with 50 µmol/kg ABT-337, effects seen with equimolar doses of diclofenac. These results indicate that H2S-releasing derivatives of NSAIDs may prove to be more effective anti-inflammatory agents than traditional NSAIDs alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10277 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636,15971} Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, are some of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs available but exhibit significant side effects, particularly gastric damage, when used chronically. ATB-337 is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID diclofenac.{16442} In rats, diclofenac at 10-50 µmol/kg caused significant gastrointestinal damage, whereas no damage was observed with ATB-337 treatment at the same dose. ATB-337 at 50 µmol/kg does not promote leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium, an effect observed with diclofenac treatment alone. COX-1 and COX-2 were inhibited with similar efficacy by diclofenac and ABT-337. An increase in expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α, as well as, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were not observed in rats treated with 50 µmol/kg ABT-337, effects seen with equimolar doses of diclofenac. These results indicate that H2S-releasing derivatives of NSAIDs may prove to be more effective anti-inflammatory agents than traditional NSAIDs alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10277 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636,15971} Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, are some of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs available but exhibit significant side effects, particularly gastric damage, when used chronically. ATB-337 is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID diclofenac.{16442} In rats, diclofenac at 10-50 µmol/kg caused significant gastrointestinal damage, whereas no damage was observed with ATB-337 treatment at the same dose. ATB-337 at 50 µmol/kg does not promote leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium, an effect observed with diclofenac treatment alone. COX-1 and COX-2 were inhibited with similar efficacy by diclofenac and ABT-337. An increase in expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α, as well as, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were not observed in rats treated with 50 µmol/kg ABT-337, effects seen with equimolar doses of diclofenac. These results indicate that H2S-releasing derivatives of NSAIDs may prove to be more effective anti-inflammatory agents than traditional NSAIDs alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10277 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636,15971} Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, are some of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs available but exhibit significant side effects, particularly gastric damage, when used chronically. ATB-337 is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID diclofenac.{16442} In rats, diclofenac at 10-50 µmol/kg caused significant gastrointestinal damage, whereas no damage was observed with ATB-337 treatment at the same dose. ATB-337 at 50 µmol/kg does not promote leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium, an effect observed with diclofenac treatment alone. COX-1 and COX-2 were inhibited with similar efficacy by diclofenac and ABT-337. An increase in expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α, as well as, the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were not observed in rats treated with 50 µmol/kg ABT-337, effects seen with equimolar doses of diclofenac. These results indicate that H2S-releasing derivatives of NSAIDs may prove to be more effective anti-inflammatory agents than traditional NSAIDs alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10277 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally-occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636} Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, are some of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs available but exhibit significant side effects, particularly gastric damage, when used chronically. ATB-343 is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID indomethacin. In rats, ATB-343 does not cause gastric damage or promote leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium, effects which are observed with indomethacin treatment alone.{15971} These results indicate that H2S-releasing derivatives of NSAIDs may prove to be more effective anti-inflammatory agents than traditional NSAIDs alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:13045 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally-occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636} Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, are some of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs available but exhibit significant side effects, particularly gastric damage, when used chronically. ATB-343 is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID indomethacin. In rats, ATB-343 does not cause gastric damage or promote leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium, effects which are observed with indomethacin treatment alone.{15971} These results indicate that H2S-releasing derivatives of NSAIDs may prove to be more effective anti-inflammatory agents than traditional NSAIDs alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:13045 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally-occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636} Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, are some of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs available but exhibit significant side effects, particularly gastric damage, when used chronically. ATB-343 is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID indomethacin. In rats, ATB-343 does not cause gastric damage or promote leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium, effects which are observed with indomethacin treatment alone.{15971} These results indicate that H2S-releasing derivatives of NSAIDs may prove to be more effective anti-inflammatory agents than traditional NSAIDs alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:13045 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally-occurring gasotransmitter with vasodilator and inflammatory modulating activity.{15636} Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, diclofenac, and ibuprofen, are some of the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs available but exhibit significant side effects, particularly gastric damage, when used chronically. ATB-343 is a hybrid molecule of an H2S donor and the NSAID indomethacin. In rats, ATB-343 does not cause gastric damage or promote leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium, effects which are observed with indomethacin treatment alone.{15971} These results indicate that H2S-releasing derivatives of NSAIDs may prove to be more effective anti-inflammatory agents than traditional NSAIDs alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:13045 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • ATB-346 is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), derived from naproxen but coupled to an H2S-releasing moiety.{34012} At 30 µmol/kg in rats, it suppressed COX and gastric PGE2 synthesis to the same level as naproxen but reduced COX-2 expression and accelerated recovery in a rat spinal cord injury model.{34009} It also provided enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity over naproxen in a rat model of arthritis.{34011} ATB-346 does not induce gastrointestinal toxicity and, in contrast to other NSAIDs, it accelerated healing of pre-existing gastric ulcers.{34014} Studies of ATB-346 have shown promising results in vitro and in animal models of melanoma and intestinal tumorigenesis.{34010,34013} A Phase I clinical trial in Canada did not find any significant gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, or hematological findings across dose ranges in healthy adults (25 mg–2,000 mg once/d).{34015} A Phase II trial in Canada is ongoing for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • ATB-346 is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), derived from naproxen but coupled to an H2S-releasing moiety.{34012} At 30 µmol/kg in rats, it suppressed COX and gastric PGE2 synthesis to the same level as naproxen but reduced COX-2 expression and accelerated recovery in a rat spinal cord injury model.{34009} It also provided enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity over naproxen in a rat model of arthritis.{34011} ATB-346 does not induce gastrointestinal toxicity and, in contrast to other NSAIDs, it accelerated healing of pre-existing gastric ulcers.{34014} Studies of ATB-346 have shown promising results in vitro and in animal models of melanoma and intestinal tumorigenesis.{34010,34013} A Phase I clinical trial in Canada did not find any significant gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, or hematological findings across dose ranges in healthy adults (25 mg–2,000 mg once/d).{34015} A Phase II trial in Canada is ongoing for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • ATB-346 is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), derived from naproxen but coupled to an H2S-releasing moiety.{34012} At 30 µmol/kg in rats, it suppressed COX and gastric PGE2 synthesis to the same level as naproxen but reduced COX-2 expression and accelerated recovery in a rat spinal cord injury model.{34009} It also provided enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity over naproxen in a rat model of arthritis.{34011} ATB-346 does not induce gastrointestinal toxicity and, in contrast to other NSAIDs, it accelerated healing of pre-existing gastric ulcers.{34014} Studies of ATB-346 have shown promising results in vitro and in animal models of melanoma and intestinal tumorigenesis.{34010,34013} A Phase I clinical trial in Canada did not find any significant gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, or hematological findings across dose ranges in healthy adults (25 mg–2,000 mg once/d).{34015} A Phase II trial in Canada is ongoing for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • ATB-346 is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), derived from naproxen but coupled to an H2S-releasing moiety.{34012} At 30 µmol/kg in rats, it suppressed COX and gastric PGE2 synthesis to the same level as naproxen but reduced COX-2 expression and accelerated recovery in a rat spinal cord injury model.{34009} It also provided enhanced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity over naproxen in a rat model of arthritis.{34011} ATB-346 does not induce gastrointestinal toxicity and, in contrast to other NSAIDs, it accelerated healing of pre-existing gastric ulcers.{34014} Studies of ATB-346 have shown promising results in vitro and in animal models of melanoma and intestinal tumorigenesis.{34010,34013} A Phase I clinical trial in Canada did not find any significant gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal, or hematological findings across dose ranges in healthy adults (25 mg–2,000 mg once/d).{34015} A Phase II trial in Canada is ongoing for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Atenolol (Item No. 26284) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.{25396} Formulations containing atenolol have been used to enhance physical performance in athletes.{46103} This product is intended for use in analytical forensic applications. This product is also available as a general research tool (Item No. 17250).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26284 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atenolol (Item No. 26284) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.{25396} Formulations containing atenolol have been used to enhance physical performance in athletes.{46103} This product is intended for use in analytical forensic applications. This product is also available as a general research tool (Item No. 17250).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26284 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL or PNPLA2) catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets, generating diacylglyerol.{21269,21272} Atglistatin is a potent, selective, and competitive inhibitor of ATGL (IC50 = 0.7 μM).{24582} It does not inhibit hormone-sensitive lipase, monoglyceride lipase, pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, or other lysophospholipases.{24582} Atglistatin blocks lipolysis by ATGL in vitro, in white adipose tissue organ cultures, and in vivo.{24582} It does not affect lipolysis in ATGL knockout mice.{24582}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL or PNPLA2) catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets, generating diacylglyerol.{21269,21272} Atglistatin is a potent, selective, and competitive inhibitor of ATGL (IC50 = 0.7 μM).{24582} It does not inhibit hormone-sensitive lipase, monoglyceride lipase, pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, or other lysophospholipases.{24582} Atglistatin blocks lipolysis by ATGL in vitro, in white adipose tissue organ cultures, and in vivo.{24582} It does not affect lipolysis in ATGL knockout mice.{24582}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL or PNPLA2) catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets, generating diacylglyerol.{21269,21272} Atglistatin is a potent, selective, and competitive inhibitor of ATGL (IC50 = 0.7 μM).{24582} It does not inhibit hormone-sensitive lipase, monoglyceride lipase, pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, or other lysophospholipases.{24582} Atglistatin blocks lipolysis by ATGL in vitro, in white adipose tissue organ cultures, and in vivo.{24582} It does not affect lipolysis in ATGL knockout mice.{24582}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL or PNPLA2) catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets, generating diacylglyerol.{21269,21272} Atglistatin is a potent, selective, and competitive inhibitor of ATGL (IC50 = 0.7 μM).{24582} It does not inhibit hormone-sensitive lipase, monoglyceride lipase, pancreatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, or other lysophospholipases.{24582} Atglistatin blocks lipolysis by ATGL in vitro, in white adipose tissue organ cultures, and in vivo.{24582} It does not affect lipolysis in ATGL knockout mice.{24582}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • ATHPINACA isomer 1 (Item No. 18365) is an analytical reference standard that is structurally categorized as a synthetic cannabinoid. The physiological and toxicological properties of this compound are not known. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • ATHPINACA isomer 1 (Item No. 18365) is an analytical reference standard that is structurally categorized as a synthetic cannabinoid. The physiological and toxicological properties of this compound are not known. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Atipamezole is an imidazole that potently antagonizes the α2-adrenoceptor (Ki = 1.6 nM).{25705,25706} It shows selectivity over the α1-adrenoceptor (Ki = 13,300 nM) and is a poor antagonist at a wide variety of other receptors and channels.{25706} Through its effects at the α2-adrenoceptor, atipamezole reverses the sedative and analgesic effects of α2-adrenoceptor agonists, alters cognitive functions and sexual behavior, and has neuroprotective effects.{25706} It may also potentiate the effects of dopaminergic drugs used in Parkinson’s disease.{25704,25706}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001181 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atipamezole is an imidazole that potently antagonizes the α2-adrenoceptor (Ki = 1.6 nM).{25705,25706} It shows selectivity over the α1-adrenoceptor (Ki = 13,300 nM) and is a poor antagonist at a wide variety of other receptors and channels.{25706} Through its effects at the α2-adrenoceptor, atipamezole reverses the sedative and analgesic effects of α2-adrenoceptor agonists, alters cognitive functions and sexual behavior, and has neuroprotective effects.{25706} It may also potentiate the effects of dopaminergic drugs used in Parkinson’s disease.{25704,25706}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001181 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atipamezole is an imidazole that potently antagonizes the α2-adrenoceptor (Ki = 1.6 nM).{25705,25706} It shows selectivity over the α1-adrenoceptor (Ki = 13,300 nM) and is a poor antagonist at a wide variety of other receptors and channels.{25706} Through its effects at the α2-adrenoceptor, atipamezole reverses the sedative and analgesic effects of α2-adrenoceptor agonists, alters cognitive functions and sexual behavior, and has neuroprotective effects.{25706} It may also potentiate the effects of dopaminergic drugs used in Parkinson’s disease.{25704,25706}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001181 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atipamezole is an imidazole that potently antagonizes the α2-adrenoceptor (Ki = 1.6 nM).{25705,25706} It shows selectivity over the α1-adrenoceptor (Ki = 13,300 nM) and is a poor antagonist at a wide variety of other receptors and channels.{25706} Through its effects at the α2-adrenoceptor, atipamezole reverses the sedative and analgesic effects of α2-adrenoceptor agonists, alters cognitive functions and sexual behavior, and has neuroprotective effects.{25706} It may also potentiate the effects of dopaminergic drugs used in Parkinson’s disease.{25704,25706}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001181 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • The acetylation of opium with acetic anhydride, which converts morphine to heroin, produces a variety of other acetylated products from other endogenous alkaloids, including thebaine. ATM4 4-acetoxy analog is a major product of the acetylation of thebaine using acetic anhydride.{25328} It is the precursor of the acetylated thebaine metabolite ATM4, which is generated during phase I metabolism of ATM4 4-acetoxy analog by human liver microsomes.{25328} The physiological and toxicological properties of this compound are not known. This product is intended for forensic and research purposes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • The acetylation of opium with acetic anhydride, which converts morphine to heroin, produces a variety of other acetylated products from other endogenous alkaloids, including thebaine. ATM4 4-acetoxy analog is a major product of the acetylation of thebaine using acetic anhydride.{25328} It is the precursor of the acetylated thebaine metabolite ATM4, which is generated during phase I metabolism of ATM4 4-acetoxy analog by human liver microsomes.{25328} The physiological and toxicological properties of this compound are not known. This product is intended for forensic and research purposes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • The acetylation of opium with acetic anhydride, which converts morphine to heroin, produces a variety of other acetylated products from other endogenous alkaloids, including thebaine. ATM4 4-acetoxy analog is a major product of the acetylation of thebaine using acetic anhydride.{25328} It is the precursor of the acetylated thebaine metabolite ATM4, which is generated during phase I metabolism of ATM4 4-acetoxy analog by human liver microsomes.{25328} The physiological and toxicological properties of this compound are not known. This product is intended for forensic and research purposes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • ATN-224 is a choline salt of tetrathiomolybdate and an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; IC50s = 2.91 and 3.51 µM in human and mouse blood cells, respectively, in vitro).{36253} ATN-224 reduces the viability of cultured oxidative stress-resistant WEHI7.2 murine thymic lymphoma cells (EC50s = 5-6 nM) and human diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines (EC50s = 9.73-105.61 nM) independently of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.{36254,36255} In vivo, ATN-224 (0.7 mg/kg) chelates copper to stabilize an antitumor viral vector, enhancing its efficacy against lung metastases in mice.{36256} It also inhibits angiogenesis in a mouse model (IC50s = 1.50-3 mg/kg via gavage).{36253}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23553 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • ATN-224 is a choline salt of tetrathiomolybdate and an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; IC50s = 2.91 and 3.51 µM in human and mouse blood cells, respectively, in vitro).{36253} ATN-224 reduces the viability of cultured oxidative stress-resistant WEHI7.2 murine thymic lymphoma cells (EC50s = 5-6 nM) and human diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines (EC50s = 9.73-105.61 nM) independently of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.{36254,36255} In vivo, ATN-224 (0.7 mg/kg) chelates copper to stabilize an antitumor viral vector, enhancing its efficacy against lung metastases in mice.{36256} It also inhibits angiogenesis in a mouse model (IC50s = 1.50-3 mg/kg via gavage).{36253}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23553 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • ATN-224 is a choline salt of tetrathiomolybdate and an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; IC50s = 2.91 and 3.51 µM in human and mouse blood cells, respectively, in vitro).{36253} ATN-224 reduces the viability of cultured oxidative stress-resistant WEHI7.2 murine thymic lymphoma cells (EC50s = 5-6 nM) and human diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines (EC50s = 9.73-105.61 nM) independently of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.{36254,36255} In vivo, ATN-224 (0.7 mg/kg) chelates copper to stabilize an antitumor viral vector, enhancing its efficacy against lung metastases in mice.{36256} It also inhibits angiogenesis in a mouse model (IC50s = 1.50-3 mg/kg via gavage).{36253}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23553 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with Ki values of 5, 77, and 1,451 nM for norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters, respectively.{38422} It is selective over the choline, GABA, and adenosine transporters, and a number of neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, second messengers, and brain/gut peptides. In the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC), it increases extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine by 3-fold and increases Fos expression. Atomoxetine (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) reduces premature responding, a measure of impulsivity, by rats in the 5-choice serial reaction time test (5CSRTT) in a dose-dependent manner.{38421} It also has neuroprotective effects when administered prior to ischemic damage in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia.{38423} Formulations containing atomoxetine have been used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22248 -

    Out of stock

  • Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with Ki values of 5, 77, and 1,451 nM for norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters, respectively.{38422} It is selective over the choline, GABA, and adenosine transporters, and a number of neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, second messengers, and brain/gut peptides. In the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC), it increases extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine by 3-fold and increases Fos expression. Atomoxetine (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) reduces premature responding, a measure of impulsivity, by rats in the 5-choice serial reaction time test (5CSRTT) in a dose-dependent manner.{38421} It also has neuroprotective effects when administered prior to ischemic damage in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia.{38423} Formulations containing atomoxetine have been used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22248 -

    Out of stock

  • Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with Ki values of 5, 77, and 1,451 nM for norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters, respectively.{38422} It is selective over the choline, GABA, and adenosine transporters, and a number of neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, second messengers, and brain/gut peptides. In the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC), it increases extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine by 3-fold and increases Fos expression. Atomoxetine (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) reduces premature responding, a measure of impulsivity, by rats in the 5-choice serial reaction time test (5CSRTT) in a dose-dependent manner.{38421} It also has neuroprotective effects when administered prior to ischemic damage in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia.{38423} Formulations containing atomoxetine have been used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22248 -

    Out of stock

  • Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with Ki values of 5, 77, and 1,451 nM for norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters, respectively.{38422} It is selective over the choline, GABA, and adenosine transporters, and a number of neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, second messengers, and brain/gut peptides. In the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC), it increases extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine by 3-fold and increases Fos expression. Atomoxetine (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) reduces premature responding, a measure of impulsivity, by rats in the 5-choice serial reaction time test (5CSRTT) in a dose-dependent manner.{38421} It also has neuroprotective effects when administered prior to ischemic damage in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia.{38423} Formulations containing atomoxetine have been used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22248 -

    Out of stock

  • Atomoxetine-d3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of atomoxetine (Item No. 22248) by GC- or LC-MS. Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with Ki values of 5, 77, and 1,451 nM for norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters, respectively.{38422} It is selective over the choline, GABA, and adenosine transporters, and a number of neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, second messengers, and brain/gut peptides. In the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC), it increases extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine by 3-fold and increases Fos expression. Atomoxetine (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg) reduces premature responding, a measure of impulsivity, by rats in the 5-choice serial reaction time test (5CRTT) in a dose-dependent manner.{38421} It also has neuroprotective effects when administered prior to ischemic damage in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia.{38423} Formulations containing atomoxetine have been used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28162 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol synthesis, that has IC50 values of 73, 102, and 0.6 nM for HepG2 cells, human fibroblasts, and rat hepatocytes, respectively.{37553} Formulations containing atorvastatin have been used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and certain dyslipidemias.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10493 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol synthesis, that has IC50 values of 73, 102, and 0.6 nM for HepG2 cells, human fibroblasts, and rat hepatocytes, respectively.{37553} Formulations containing atorvastatin have been used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and certain dyslipidemias.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10493 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol synthesis, that has IC50 values of 73, 102, and 0.6 nM for HepG2 cells, human fibroblasts, and rat hepatocytes, respectively.{37553} Formulations containing atorvastatin have been used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and certain dyslipidemias.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10493 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol synthesis, that has IC50 values of 73, 102, and 0.6 nM for HepG2 cells, human fibroblasts, and rat hepatocytes, respectively.{37553} Formulations containing atorvastatin have been used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and certain dyslipidemias.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10493 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atorvastatin lactone is a prodrug form of atorvastatin (Item No. 10493), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower blood cholesterol levels.{32968} The lactone hydrolyzes rapidly to the acid form of atorvastatin in human serum at room temperature.{32969} Atorvastatin lactone can also be formed in vivo from atorvastatin by certain uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases.{32970} Like atorvastatin, the lactone inhibits P-glycoprotein in a concentration-dependent manner.{32967}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20951 -

    Out of stock

  • Atorvastatin lactone is a prodrug form of atorvastatin (Item No. 10493), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower blood cholesterol levels.{32968} The lactone hydrolyzes rapidly to the acid form of atorvastatin in human serum at room temperature.{32969} Atorvastatin lactone can also be formed in vivo from atorvastatin by certain uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases.{32970} Like atorvastatin, the lactone inhibits P-glycoprotein in a concentration-dependent manner.{32967}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20951 -

    Out of stock

  • Atorvastatin lactone is a prodrug form of atorvastatin (Item No. 10493), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower blood cholesterol levels.{32968} The lactone hydrolyzes rapidly to the acid form of atorvastatin in human serum at room temperature.{32969} Atorvastatin lactone can also be formed in vivo from atorvastatin by certain uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases.{32970} Like atorvastatin, the lactone inhibits P-glycoprotein in a concentration-dependent manner.{32967}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20951 -

    Out of stock

  • Atorvastatin lactone is a prodrug form of atorvastatin (Item No. 10493), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower blood cholesterol levels.{32968} The lactone hydrolyzes rapidly to the acid form of atorvastatin in human serum at room temperature.{32969} Atorvastatin lactone can also be formed in vivo from atorvastatin by certain uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases.{32970} Like atorvastatin, the lactone inhibits P-glycoprotein in a concentration-dependent manner.{32967}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20951 -

    Out of stock

  • Atorvastatin-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of atorvastatin (Item No. 10493) by GC- or LC-MS. Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol synthesis, that has IC50 values of 73, 102, and 0.6 nM for HepG2 cells, human fibroblasts, and rat hepatocytes, respectively.{37553} Formulations containing atorvastatin have been used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and certain dyslipidemias.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25043 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atorvastatin-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of atorvastatin (Item No. 10493) by GC- or LC-MS. Atorvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol synthesis, that has IC50 values of 73, 102, and 0.6 nM for HepG2 cells, human fibroblasts, and rat hepatocytes, respectively.{37553} Formulations containing atorvastatin have been used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and certain dyslipidemias.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25043 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Atosiban is a peptide analog of oxytocin (Item No. 11799) that antagonizes the human oxytocin receptor (Ki = 81 nM).{33007} It also binds the vasopressin V1a receptor (Ki = 3.5 nM).{33007} Because of its effects on the oxytocin receptor, atosiban has tocolytic actions in the acute phase of imminent preterm birth.{33008,33009,33010}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20952 -

    Out of stock

  • Atosiban is a peptide analog of oxytocin (Item No. 11799) that antagonizes the human oxytocin receptor (Ki = 81 nM).{33007} It also binds the vasopressin V1a receptor (Ki = 3.5 nM).{33007} Because of its effects on the oxytocin receptor, atosiban has tocolytic actions in the acute phase of imminent preterm birth.{33008,33009,33010}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20952 -

    Out of stock

  • Atosiban is a peptide analog of oxytocin (Item No. 11799) that antagonizes the human oxytocin receptor (Ki = 81 nM).{33007} It also binds the vasopressin V1a receptor (Ki = 3.5 nM).{33007} Because of its effects on the oxytocin receptor, atosiban has tocolytic actions in the acute phase of imminent preterm birth.{33008,33009,33010}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20952 -

    Out of stock

  • Atosiban is a peptide analog of oxytocin (Item No. 11799) that antagonizes the human oxytocin receptor (Ki = 81 nM).{33007} It also binds the vasopressin V1a receptor (Ki = 3.5 nM).{33007} Because of its effects on the oxytocin receptor, atosiban has tocolytic actions in the acute phase of imminent preterm birth.{33008,33009,33010}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20952 -

    Out of stock

  • Atovaquone is a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal agent that is active against Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Babesia, among other protozoa.{39560} It inhibits complex III activity on dihydroorotate in isolated P. falciparum and P. yoelii mitochondria more potently than in rat liver mitochondria (EC50s = 0.95, 0.94, and 510 nM, respectively) and depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane in P. yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes (EC50 = 260 nM).{39561,39562} Atovaquone also inhibits transport mediated by human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein in membrane vesicles (IC50s = 0.23 and 6.8 μM, respectively).{39563} It inhibits the growth of T. gondii in MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts in vitro (IC50 = ~64 nM) and increases mean survival of T. gondii-infected mice from 5.5 to 21.2 days when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day.{39564} Formulations containing atovaquone have been used in the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis as well as in combination with proguanil in the treatment of malaria and babesiosis.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23802 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atovaquone is a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal agent that is active against Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Babesia, among other protozoa.{39560} It inhibits complex III activity on dihydroorotate in isolated P. falciparum and P. yoelii mitochondria more potently than in rat liver mitochondria (EC50s = 0.95, 0.94, and 510 nM, respectively) and depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane in P. yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes (EC50 = 260 nM).{39561,39562} Atovaquone also inhibits transport mediated by human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein in membrane vesicles (IC50s = 0.23 and 6.8 μM, respectively).{39563} It inhibits the growth of T. gondii in MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts in vitro (IC50 = ~64 nM) and increases mean survival of T. gondii-infected mice from 5.5 to 21.2 days when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day.{39564} Formulations containing atovaquone have been used in the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis as well as in combination with proguanil in the treatment of malaria and babesiosis.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23802 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atovaquone is a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal agent that is active against Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Babesia, among other protozoa.{39560} It inhibits complex III activity on dihydroorotate in isolated P. falciparum and P. yoelii mitochondria more potently than in rat liver mitochondria (EC50s = 0.95, 0.94, and 510 nM, respectively) and depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane in P. yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes (EC50 = 260 nM).{39561,39562} Atovaquone also inhibits transport mediated by human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein in membrane vesicles (IC50s = 0.23 and 6.8 μM, respectively).{39563} It inhibits the growth of T. gondii in MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts in vitro (IC50 = ~64 nM) and increases mean survival of T. gondii-infected mice from 5.5 to 21.2 days when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day.{39564} Formulations containing atovaquone have been used in the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis as well as in combination with proguanil in the treatment of malaria and babesiosis.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23802 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atovaquone is a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal agent that is active against Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Babesia, among other protozoa.{39560} It inhibits complex III activity on dihydroorotate in isolated P. falciparum and P. yoelii mitochondria more potently than in rat liver mitochondria (EC50s = 0.95, 0.94, and 510 nM, respectively) and depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane in P. yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes (EC50 = 260 nM).{39561,39562} Atovaquone also inhibits transport mediated by human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein in membrane vesicles (IC50s = 0.23 and 6.8 μM, respectively).{39563} It inhibits the growth of T. gondii in MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts in vitro (IC50 = ~64 nM) and increases mean survival of T. gondii-infected mice from 5.5 to 21.2 days when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day.{39564} Formulations containing atovaquone have been used in the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis as well as in combination with proguanil in the treatment of malaria and babesiosis.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23802 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atovaquone-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of atovaquone (Item No. 23802) by GC- or LC-MS. Atovaquone is a broad-spectrum antiprotozoal agent that is active against Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, and Babesia, among other protozoa.{39560} It inhibits complex III activity on dihydroorotate in isolated P. falciparum and P. yoelii mitochondria more potently than in rat liver mitochondria (EC50s = 0.95, 0.94, and 510 nM, respectively) and depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane in P. yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes (EC50 = 260 nM).{39561,39562} Atovaquone also inhibits transport mediated by human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein in membrane vesicles (IC50s = 0.23 and 6.8 μM, respectively).{39563} It inhibits the growth of T. gondii in MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts in vitro (IC50 = ~64 nM) and increases mean survival of T. gondii-infected mice from 5.5 to 21.2 days when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day.{39564} Formulations containing atovaquone have been used in the treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis as well as in combination with proguanil in the treatment of malaria and babesiosis.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28491 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is a functional member of the Krebs cycle and the aerobic respiratory chain that couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of quinone to quinol. Atpenin A5, an antifungal antibiotic isolated from Penicillium sp. found in soil, is a highly specific ubiquinone-binding site inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (IC50s = 12 and 3.7 nM in nematode and mammalian mitochondria, respectively, versus IC50s > 100 μM for inhibition of complex I and complex III enzymes).{21747,21748} Atpenin A5 has cardioprotective effects against simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiomyocytes. Several mechanisms through which this occurs, including activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels or modulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, have been proposed.{21745,21746}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11898 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • ATRA-BA hybrid is a mutual prodrug form of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA; Item No. 11017) and butyric acid (BA; Item No. 13121).{57142} ATRA-BA hybrid is cleaved to release ATRA and BA in isolated mouse plasma. It inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast and PC3 prostate cancer cells with GI50 values of 0.01 and 1.02 µM, respectively. ATRA-BA (20 µM) has 15-fold greater antiproliferative activity in PC3 cells compared to an equimolar concentration of ATRA and BA.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:30982 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • ATRA-BA hybrid is a mutual prodrug form of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA; Item No. 11017) and butyric acid (BA; Item No. 13121).{57142} ATRA-BA hybrid is cleaved to release ATRA and BA in isolated mouse plasma. It inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast and PC3 prostate cancer cells with GI50 values of 0.01 and 1.02 µM, respectively. ATRA-BA (20 µM) has 15-fold greater antiproliferative activity in PC3 cells compared to an equimolar concentration of ATRA and BA.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:30982 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • ATRA-BA hybrid is a mutual prodrug form of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA; Item No. 11017) and butyric acid (BA; Item No. 13121).{57142} ATRA-BA hybrid is cleaved to release ATRA and BA in isolated mouse plasma. It inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast and PC3 prostate cancer cells with GI50 values of 0.01 and 1.02 µM, respectively. ATRA-BA (20 µM) has 15-fold greater antiproliferative activity in PC3 cells compared to an equimolar concentration of ATRA and BA.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:30982 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene that has been found in the rhizomes of A. macrocephala and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, and antidepressant properties.{39945,39946,39947,39948} It inhibits LPS-induced increases in TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, in murine peritoneal macrophages (IC50s = 23.1, 41, and 67.3 μM, respectively).{39945} Atractylenolide I reduces pouch fluid weight, inflammatory cell count, granuloma weight, and vascular index (ID50s = 24.18, 19.46, 14.44, and 15.15 mg/kg, respectively) in a mouse air pouch granuloma model induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA).{39946} It also reduces the number of microvessels in the air pouch wall by 58.27% when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg and reduces the blood levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, VEGF, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and bFGF in a dose-dependent manner in a mouse model of FCA-induced granuloma. Atractylenolide I inhibits the growth of T-24, 5637, RT4, and 253J bladder cancer cells in vitro (IC50s = 12.8-63.7 μM) and reduces tumor growth in T-24 and 253J mouse xenograft models in a dose-dependent manner.{39947} In a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress, atractylenolide I reverses stress-induced decreases in hippocampal levels of serotonin (5-HT; Item No. 14332) and norepinephrine (Item No. 16673) and reduces immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in a dose-dependent manner, indicating antidepressant-like activity.{39948}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25061 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene that has been found in the rhizomes of A. macrocephala and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, and antidepressant properties.{39945,39946,39947,39948} It inhibits LPS-induced increases in TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, in murine peritoneal macrophages (IC50s = 23.1, 41, and 67.3 μM, respectively).{39945} Atractylenolide I reduces pouch fluid weight, inflammatory cell count, granuloma weight, and vascular index (ID50s = 24.18, 19.46, 14.44, and 15.15 mg/kg, respectively) in a mouse air pouch granuloma model induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA).{39946} It also reduces the number of microvessels in the air pouch wall by 58.27% when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg and reduces the blood levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, VEGF, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and bFGF in a dose-dependent manner in a mouse model of FCA-induced granuloma. Atractylenolide I inhibits the growth of T-24, 5637, RT4, and 253J bladder cancer cells in vitro (IC50s = 12.8-63.7 μM) and reduces tumor growth in T-24 and 253J mouse xenograft models in a dose-dependent manner.{39947} In a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress, atractylenolide I reverses stress-induced decreases in hippocampal levels of serotonin (5-HT; Item No. 14332) and norepinephrine (Item No. 16673) and reduces immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in a dose-dependent manner, indicating antidepressant-like activity.{39948}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25061 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene that has been found in the rhizomes of A. macrocephala and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, and antidepressant properties.{39945,39946,39947,39948} It inhibits LPS-induced increases in TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, in murine peritoneal macrophages (IC50s = 23.1, 41, and 67.3 μM, respectively).{39945} Atractylenolide I reduces pouch fluid weight, inflammatory cell count, granuloma weight, and vascular index (ID50s = 24.18, 19.46, 14.44, and 15.15 mg/kg, respectively) in a mouse air pouch granuloma model induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA).{39946} It also reduces the number of microvessels in the air pouch wall by 58.27% when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg and reduces the blood levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, VEGF, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and bFGF in a dose-dependent manner in a mouse model of FCA-induced granuloma. Atractylenolide I inhibits the growth of T-24, 5637, RT4, and 253J bladder cancer cells in vitro (IC50s = 12.8-63.7 μM) and reduces tumor growth in T-24 and 253J mouse xenograft models in a dose-dependent manner.{39947} In a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress, atractylenolide I reverses stress-induced decreases in hippocampal levels of serotonin (5-HT; Item No. 14332) and norepinephrine (Item No. 16673) and reduces immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in a dose-dependent manner, indicating antidepressant-like activity.{39948}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25061 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atractylenolide I is a sesquiterpene that has been found in the rhizomes of A. macrocephala and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, and antidepressant properties.{39945,39946,39947,39948} It inhibits LPS-induced increases in TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, in murine peritoneal macrophages (IC50s = 23.1, 41, and 67.3 μM, respectively).{39945} Atractylenolide I reduces pouch fluid weight, inflammatory cell count, granuloma weight, and vascular index (ID50s = 24.18, 19.46, 14.44, and 15.15 mg/kg, respectively) in a mouse air pouch granuloma model induced by Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA).{39946} It also reduces the number of microvessels in the air pouch wall by 58.27% when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg and reduces the blood levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, VEGF, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and bFGF in a dose-dependent manner in a mouse model of FCA-induced granuloma. Atractylenolide I inhibits the growth of T-24, 5637, RT4, and 253J bladder cancer cells in vitro (IC50s = 12.8-63.7 μM) and reduces tumor growth in T-24 and 253J mouse xenograft models in a dose-dependent manner.{39947} In a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress, atractylenolide I reverses stress-induced decreases in hippocampal levels of serotonin (5-HT; Item No. 14332) and norepinephrine (Item No. 16673) and reduces immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in a dose-dependent manner, indicating antidepressant-like activity.{39948}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25061 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atractylenolide III is a sesquiterpene that has been isolated from Atractylodes and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, pro- and anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties.{37638,37639,37640,37641,37642} It inhibits the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010), TNF-α, and IL-6 induced by LPS from RAW264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 50 µM.{37638} Atractylenolide III (100 µM) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as increases caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in A549 human lung carcinoma cells.{37640} However, in primary embryonic mouse cerebral cortical neurons, it inhibits glutamate-induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation when used at a concentration of 40 µM.{37641} It inhibits angiogenesis in an MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day.{37639} Atractylenolide III (0.6 mg/kg per day) also decreases the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze in a rat model of learning deficits induced by high-dose homocysteine.{37642}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24911 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atractylenolide III is a sesquiterpene that has been isolated from Atractylodes and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, pro- and anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties.{37638,37639,37640,37641,37642} It inhibits the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010), TNF-α, and IL-6 induced by LPS from RAW264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 50 µM.{37638} Atractylenolide III (100 µM) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as increases caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in A549 human lung carcinoma cells.{37640} However, in primary embryonic mouse cerebral cortical neurons, it inhibits glutamate-induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation when used at a concentration of 40 µM.{37641} It inhibits angiogenesis in an MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day.{37639} Atractylenolide III (0.6 mg/kg per day) also decreases the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze in a rat model of learning deficits induced by high-dose homocysteine.{37642}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24911 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atractylenolide III is a sesquiterpene that has been isolated from Atractylodes and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, pro- and anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties.{37638,37639,37640,37641,37642} It inhibits the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010), TNF-α, and IL-6 induced by LPS from RAW264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 50 µM.{37638} Atractylenolide III (100 µM) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as increases caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in A549 human lung carcinoma cells.{37640} However, in primary embryonic mouse cerebral cortical neurons, it inhibits glutamate-induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation when used at a concentration of 40 µM.{37641} It inhibits angiogenesis in an MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day.{37639} Atractylenolide III (0.6 mg/kg per day) also decreases the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze in a rat model of learning deficits induced by high-dose homocysteine.{37642}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24911 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atractylenolide III is a sesquiterpene that has been isolated from Atractylodes and has diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, pro- and anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties.{37638,37639,37640,37641,37642} It inhibits the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Item No. 14010), TNF-α, and IL-6 induced by LPS from RAW264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 50 µM.{37638} Atractylenolide III (100 µM) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, as well as increases caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in A549 human lung carcinoma cells.{37640} However, in primary embryonic mouse cerebral cortical neurons, it inhibits glutamate-induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation when used at a concentration of 40 µM.{37641} It inhibits angiogenesis in an MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer mouse xenograft model when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day.{37639} Atractylenolide III (0.6 mg/kg per day) also decreases the latency to find the platform in the Morris water maze in a rat model of learning deficits induced by high-dose homocysteine.{37642}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24911 - 50 mg

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  • Atractyloside is a natural heteroglucoside produced in some plants, including A. gummifera.{26918} Atractyloside prevents mitochondrial ATP synthesis by inhibiting ADP/ATP translocases, which are responsible for the exchange of adenine di- and triphosphates across the inner mitochondrial membrane.{26918,26919}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Atractyloside is a natural heteroglucoside produced in some plants, including A. gummifera.{26918} Atractyloside prevents mitochondrial ATP synthesis by inhibiting ADP/ATP translocases, which are responsible for the exchange of adenine di- and triphosphates across the inner mitochondrial membrane.{26918,26919}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Atracurium (besylate) is a benzylisoquinoline that acts as a neuromuscular blocking agent with slow onset and intermediate duration.{29020,25531} It causes non-depolarizing block of the neuromuscular junction.{25531}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

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  • Atracurium (besylate) is a benzylisoquinoline that acts as a neuromuscular blocking agent with slow onset and intermediate duration.{29020,25531} It causes non-depolarizing block of the neuromuscular junction.{25531}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

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  • Atracurium (besylate) is a benzylisoquinoline that acts as a neuromuscular blocking agent with slow onset and intermediate duration.{29020,25531} It causes non-depolarizing block of the neuromuscular junction.{25531}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

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  • Atranorin is a depside lichen metabolite that has been found in S. alpinum and has diverse biological activities.{53784,53782,38112,53783} It is active against the bacteria B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. faecalis, P. vulgaris, L. monocytogenes, and A. hydrophila (MICs = 1.67, 0.38, 26.7, 13.4, 3.34, 9.83, and 1.67 mM, respectively), the fungi C. albicans and C. glabrata (MIC = 26.7 mM for both), as well as the mycobacterium M. aurum (MIC = 250 µg/ml).{53784,53782} Atranorin is cytotoxic to A270, HL-60, and Jurkat cancer cells (IC50s = 197.9, 93.5, and 181.6 µM, respectively) but not HeLa, MCF-7, SK-BR-3, or HT-29 cancer cells (IC50s = >200 µM).{38112} It inhibits acetic acid-induced writhing in mice when administered orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg.{53783} Atranorin (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduces paw licking and biting in the second, but not first, phase of the formalin test when administered 30 minutes prior to formalin in mice.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28106 - 1 mg

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  • Atranorin is a depside lichen metabolite that has been found in S. alpinum and has diverse biological activities.{53784,53782,38112,53783} It is active against the bacteria B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. faecalis, P. vulgaris, L. monocytogenes, and A. hydrophila (MICs = 1.67, 0.38, 26.7, 13.4, 3.34, 9.83, and 1.67 mM, respectively), the fungi C. albicans and C. glabrata (MIC = 26.7 mM for both), as well as the mycobacterium M. aurum (MIC = 250 µg/ml).{53784,53782} Atranorin is cytotoxic to A270, HL-60, and Jurkat cancer cells (IC50s = 197.9, 93.5, and 181.6 µM, respectively) but not HeLa, MCF-7, SK-BR-3, or HT-29 cancer cells (IC50s = >200 µM).{38112} It inhibits acetic acid-induced writhing in mice when administered orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg.{53783} Atranorin (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduces paw licking and biting in the second, but not first, phase of the formalin test when administered 30 minutes prior to formalin in mice.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28106 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atranorin is a depside lichen metabolite that has been found in S. alpinum and has diverse biological activities.{53784,53782,38112,53783} It is active against the bacteria B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. faecalis, P. vulgaris, L. monocytogenes, and A. hydrophila (MICs = 1.67, 0.38, 26.7, 13.4, 3.34, 9.83, and 1.67 mM, respectively), the fungi C. albicans and C. glabrata (MIC = 26.7 mM for both), as well as the mycobacterium M. aurum (MIC = 250 µg/ml).{53784,53782} Atranorin is cytotoxic to A270, HL-60, and Jurkat cancer cells (IC50s = 197.9, 93.5, and 181.6 µM, respectively) but not HeLa, MCF-7, SK-BR-3, or HT-29 cancer cells (IC50s = >200 µM).{38112} It inhibits acetic acid-induced writhing in mice when administered orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg.{53783} Atranorin (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduces paw licking and biting in the second, but not first, phase of the formalin test when administered 30 minutes prior to formalin in mice.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28106 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Atranorin is a depside lichen metabolite that has been found in S. alpinum and has diverse biological activities.{53784,53782,38112,53783} It is active against the bacteria B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. faecalis, P. vulgaris, L. monocytogenes, and A. hydrophila (MICs = 1.67, 0.38, 26.7, 13.4, 3.34, 9.83, and 1.67 mM, respectively), the fungi C. albicans and C. glabrata (MIC = 26.7 mM for both), as well as the mycobacterium M. aurum (MIC = 250 µg/ml).{53784,53782} Atranorin is cytotoxic to A270, HL-60, and Jurkat cancer cells (IC50s = 197.9, 93.5, and 181.6 µM, respectively) but not HeLa, MCF-7, SK-BR-3, or HT-29 cancer cells (IC50s = >200 µM).{38112} It inhibits acetic acid-induced writhing in mice when administered orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg.{53783} Atranorin (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduces paw licking and biting in the second, but not first, phase of the formalin test when administered 30 minutes prior to formalin in mice.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28106 - 500 µg

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  • Atrazine is an herbicide that is effective in controlling a broad range of weeds. Atrazine has been reported to cause cancer in certain laboratory animals, have diverse effects on the reproductive system in animals and humans, and disrupt the normal function of the endocrine system.{17855,17854,17853} Chronic exposure of frogs to atrazine significantly alters the expression of several genes, especially those involved in growth and metabolism.{17852} The United States Environmental Protection Agency currently allows the use of atrazine as an herbicide but in 2009, launched a comprehensive new evaluation to determine its effects on humans.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Atrazine mercapturate is a major, glutathione-derived metabolite of atrazine (Item No. 13375), an herbicide that is effective in controlling a broad range of weeds. Atrazine has been reported to cause cancer in certain laboratory animals, have diverse effects on the reproductive system in animals and humans, and disrupt the normal function of the endocrine system.{17855,17854,17853} Atrazine mercapturate is readily measured in urine samples.{32823,32824}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20395 -

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  • Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an endogenous peptide generated by proteolysis of prepro-ANP that is secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart.{39427,39428} It has effects on the renal and cardiovascular systems that decrease vasoconstriction, inhibit renin secretion, and increase sodium excretion. Human ANP binds to ANP receptors on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with a Kd value of approximately 1-2 nM and increases cGMP levels in a dose-dependent manner.{38724} It relaxes potassium-induced contraction of isolated canine renal arterial strips when used at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/ml and dilates renal arteries in anesthetized dogs when used at doses ranging from 10 to 100 ng/kg.{38725} In a rat model of heart failure following experimental autoimmune myocarditis, human ANP, via osmotic mini pump for 28 days, decreases cardiomyocyte size as well as the amount of cardiac fibrosis and left ventricular remodeling.{38726} ANP (1-28) (human) is a 28 amino acid peptide corresponding to the human protein sequence.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24539 - 1 mg

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  • Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from plants of the family Solanaceae including deadly nightshade (A. belladonna). It is a non-selective, competitive antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor types M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 (pKBs range from 8.9-9.8).{22121} Atropine increases firing of the sinoatrial node and conduction through the atrioventricular node of the heart, opposes the actions of the vagus nerve, blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, and decreases bronchial secretions.{22120} It is classified as an anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) drug and commonly used to dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, reduce salivation and other secretions, and as an antidote against organophosphate poisoning.{22119}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:12008 - 1 g

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  • Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from plants of the family Solanaceae including deadly nightshade (A. belladonna). It is a non-selective, competitive antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor types M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 (pKBs range from 8.9-9.8).{22121} Atropine increases firing of the sinoatrial node and conduction through the atrioventricular node of the heart, opposes the actions of the vagus nerve, blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, and decreases bronchial secretions.{22120} It is classified as an anticholinergic (parasympatholytic) drug and commonly used to dilate the pupils, increase heart rate, reduce salivation and other secretions, and as an antidote against organophosphate poisoning.{22119}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:12008 - 500 mg

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  • Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside that has been found in E. ulmoides with diverse biological activities.{36752,36753} Aucubin (0.001-1 μg/ml) dose-dependently inhibits the IgE-stimulated secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50s = 0.19 and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively).{36752} It reduces UVB-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in HS68 human foreskin fibroblasts by 57% when used at a concentration of 0.01 μg/ml.{36753} Aucubin (0.01-1 μg/ml) also dose-dependently reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. In a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (Item No. 13877), aucubin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) decreases the breathing frequency, increases lung dynamic compliance, alleviates parenchymal fibrotic changes, and reduces expression of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).{36754} Aucubin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidneys of rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104).{36755} It also reduces the number of errors made in a Y-maze and enhances neuronal survival by approximately 7- and 4-fold, respectively, in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.{36756}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24928 - 10 mg

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  • Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside that has been found in E. ulmoides with diverse biological activities.{36752,36753} Aucubin (0.001-1 μg/ml) dose-dependently inhibits the IgE-stimulated secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50s = 0.19 and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively).{36752} It reduces UVB-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in HS68 human foreskin fibroblasts by 57% when used at a concentration of 0.01 μg/ml.{36753} Aucubin (0.01-1 μg/ml) also dose-dependently reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. In a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (Item No. 13877), aucubin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) decreases the breathing frequency, increases lung dynamic compliance, alleviates parenchymal fibrotic changes, and reduces expression of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).{36754} Aucubin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidneys of rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104).{36755} It also reduces the number of errors made in a Y-maze and enhances neuronal survival by approximately 7- and 4-fold, respectively, in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.{36756}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24928 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside that has been found in E. ulmoides with diverse biological activities.{36752,36753} Aucubin (0.001-1 μg/ml) dose-dependently inhibits the IgE-stimulated secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50s = 0.19 and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively).{36752} It reduces UVB-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in HS68 human foreskin fibroblasts by 57% when used at a concentration of 0.01 μg/ml.{36753} Aucubin (0.01-1 μg/ml) also dose-dependently reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. In a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (Item No. 13877), aucubin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) decreases the breathing frequency, increases lung dynamic compliance, alleviates parenchymal fibrotic changes, and reduces expression of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).{36754} Aucubin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidneys of rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104).{36755} It also reduces the number of errors made in a Y-maze and enhances neuronal survival by approximately 7- and 4-fold, respectively, in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.{36756}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24928 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside that has been found in E. ulmoides with diverse biological activities.{36752,36753} Aucubin (0.001-1 μg/ml) dose-dependently inhibits the IgE-stimulated secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α by RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50s = 0.19 and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively).{36752} It reduces UVB-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in HS68 human foreskin fibroblasts by 57% when used at a concentration of 0.01 μg/ml.{36753} Aucubin (0.01-1 μg/ml) also dose-dependently reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. In a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (Item No. 13877), aucubin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) decreases the breathing frequency, increases lung dynamic compliance, alleviates parenchymal fibrotic changes, and reduces expression of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).{36754} Aucubin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation in the liver and kidneys of rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104).{36755} It also reduces the number of errors made in a Y-maze and enhances neuronal survival by approximately 7- and 4-fold, respectively, in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.{36756}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24928 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EpETrE) metabolites of arachidonic acid such as 11(12)-EpETrE and 14(15)-EpETrE have been identified as endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factors with vasodilator activity.{12391} Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) catalyzes the conversion of EpETrEs to the corresponding dihydroxy eicosatrienoic acids (DiHETrEs) thereby diminishing their activity. AUDA is an inhibitor of sEH exhibiting IC50 values of 18 and 69 nM for the mouse and human enzymes, respectively.{14064} In angiotensin-infused rats, a dose of 25 mg/l AUDA administered in drinking water decreased mean arterial blood pressure from 161 ± 4 mmHg to 140 ± 5 mmHg. This hypotensive effect was accompanied by an increase in urinary epoxide-to-diol ratios.{14065} AUDA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) 3-fold at a concentration of 10 µM but exhibits no affect on PPARδ or PPARγ.{13447}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007927 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EpETrE) metabolites of arachidonic acid such as 11(12)-EpETrE and 14(15)-EpETrE have been identified as endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factors with vasodilator activity.{12391} Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) catalyzes the conversion of EpETrEs to the corresponding dihydroxy eicosatrienoic acids (DiHETrEs) thereby diminishing their activity. AUDA is an inhibitor of sEH exhibiting IC50 values of 18 and 69 nM for the mouse and human enzymes, respectively.{14064} In angiotensin-infused rats, a dose of 25 mg/l AUDA administered in drinking water decreased mean arterial blood pressure from 161 ± 4 mmHg to 140 ± 5 mmHg. This hypotensive effect was accompanied by an increase in urinary epoxide-to-diol ratios.{14065} AUDA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) 3-fold at a concentration of 10 µM but exhibits no affect on PPARδ or PPARγ.{13447}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007927 - 100 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EpETrE) metabolites of arachidonic acid such as 11(12)-EpETrE and 14(15)-EpETrE have been identified as endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factors with vasodilator activity.{12391} Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) catalyzes the conversion of EpETrEs to the corresponding dihydroxy eicosatrienoic acids (DiHETrEs) thereby diminishing their activity. AUDA is an inhibitor of sEH exhibiting IC50 values of 18 and 69 nM for the mouse and human enzymes, respectively.{14064} In angiotensin-infused rats, a dose of 25 mg/l AUDA administered in drinking water decreased mean arterial blood pressure from 161 ± 4 mmHg to 140 ± 5 mmHg. This hypotensive effect was accompanied by an increase in urinary epoxide-to-diol ratios.{14065} AUDA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) 3-fold at a concentration of 10 µM but exhibits no affect on PPARδ or PPARγ.{13447}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007927 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EpETrE) metabolites of arachidonic acid such as 11(12)-EpETrE and 14(15)-EpETrE have been identified as endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factors with vasodilator activity.{12391} Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) catalyzes the conversion of EpETrEs to the corresponding dihydroxy eicosatrienoic acids (DiHETrEs) thereby diminishing their activity. AUDA is an inhibitor of sEH exhibiting IC50 values of 18 and 69 nM for the mouse and human enzymes, respectively.{14064} In angiotensin-infused rats, a dose of 25 mg/l AUDA administered in drinking water decreased mean arterial blood pressure from 161 ± 4 mmHg to 140 ± 5 mmHg. This hypotensive effect was accompanied by an increase in urinary epoxide-to-diol ratios.{14065} AUDA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) 3-fold at a concentration of 10 µM but exhibits no affect on PPARδ or PPARγ.{13447}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007927 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • AUNP-12 is an inhibitor of the interaction between programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2.{42886} It inhibits binding of soluble PD-1 to HEK293 cells expressing human PD-L2 (EC50 = 0.72 nM). AUNP-12 reverses PD-L1-induced inhibition of proliferation of PMA-stimulated, PD-1-expressing rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; EC50 = 0.41 nM). It reduces tumor growth and lung metastasis by 44 and greater than 60%, respectively, in a B16/F10 mouse melanoma model when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg per day.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28053 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • AUNP-12 is an inhibitor of the interaction between programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2.{42886} It inhibits binding of soluble PD-1 to HEK293 cells expressing human PD-L2 (EC50 = 0.72 nM). AUNP-12 reverses PD-L1-induced inhibition of proliferation of PMA-stimulated, PD-1-expressing rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; EC50 = 0.41 nM). It reduces tumor growth and lung metastasis by 44 and greater than 60%, respectively, in a B16/F10 mouse melanoma model when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg per day.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28053 - 5 mg

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  • Auranofin is a gold-thiol complex with diverse biological activities.{25302,25305,61148} It inhibits thioredoxin reductase (IC50 = 0.2 µM), increases oxidation of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), and induces apoptosis in Jurkat T cells.{25302} Auranofin reduces the production of IL-6 and activation of JAK1 and JAK2, as well as inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-kB, in primary human synoviocytes.{25305} It is active against P. falciparum and S. mansoni in vitro when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 µM. Auranofin (2 mg/kg per day) reduces the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) containing viral DNA and delays viral rebound in macaques infected with the mac251 strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).{61148}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Auranofin is a gold-thiol complex with diverse biological activities.{25302,25305,61148} It inhibits thioredoxin reductase (IC50 = 0.2 µM), increases oxidation of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), and induces apoptosis in Jurkat T cells.{25302} Auranofin reduces the production of IL-6 and activation of JAK1 and JAK2, as well as inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-kB, in primary human synoviocytes.{25305} It is active against P. falciparum and S. mansoni in vitro when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 µM. Auranofin (2 mg/kg per day) reduces the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) containing viral DNA and delays viral rebound in macaques infected with the mac251 strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).{61148}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Auranofin is a gold-thiol complex with diverse biological activities.{25302,25305,61148} It inhibits thioredoxin reductase (IC50 = 0.2 µM), increases oxidation of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), and induces apoptosis in Jurkat T cells.{25302} Auranofin reduces the production of IL-6 and activation of JAK1 and JAK2, as well as inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-kB, in primary human synoviocytes.{25305} It is active against P. falciparum and S. mansoni in vitro when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 µM. Auranofin (2 mg/kg per day) reduces the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) containing viral DNA and delays viral rebound in macaques infected with the mac251 strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).{61148}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Aurantioobtusin is an anthraquinone originally isolated from Cassia seeds with diverse biological activities.{47459,47460,47461,47462,47463} It inhibits rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) in vitro (IC50 = 13.6 μM).{47459} Aurantioobtusin (10 and 100 μM) activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in a concentration-dependent manner.{47460} It inhibits rat platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (Item Nos. 90010 | 90010.1 | 10006607), ADP, and collagen.{47461} Aurantioobtusin induces vasorelaxation in isolated precontracted rat mesenteric artery rings, an effect that is inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY290042 or inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).{47462} It is larvicidal against A. gambiae mosquitoes (LD50 = 10 ppm).{47463}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:27481 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Aurantioobtusin is an anthraquinone originally isolated from Cassia seeds with diverse biological activities.{47459,47460,47461,47462,47463} It inhibits rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) in vitro (IC50 = 13.6 μM).{47459} Aurantioobtusin (10 and 100 μM) activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in a concentration-dependent manner.{47460} It inhibits rat platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (Item Nos. 90010 | 90010.1 | 10006607), ADP, and collagen.{47461} Aurantioobtusin induces vasorelaxation in isolated precontracted rat mesenteric artery rings, an effect that is inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY290042 or inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).{47462} It is larvicidal against A. gambiae mosquitoes (LD50 = 10 ppm).{47463}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:27481 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Aurantioobtusin is an anthraquinone originally isolated from Cassia seeds with diverse biological activities.{47459,47460,47461,47462,47463} It inhibits rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) in vitro (IC50 = 13.6 μM).{47459} Aurantioobtusin (10 and 100 μM) activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in a concentration-dependent manner.{47460} It inhibits rat platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (Item Nos. 90010 | 90010.1 | 10006607), ADP, and collagen.{47461} Aurantioobtusin induces vasorelaxation in isolated precontracted rat mesenteric artery rings, an effect that is inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY290042 or inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).{47462} It is larvicidal against A. gambiae mosquitoes (LD50 = 10 ppm).{47463}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:27481 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Aurantioobtusin is an anthraquinone originally isolated from Cassia seeds with diverse biological activities.{47459,47460,47461,47462,47463} It inhibits rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) in vitro (IC50 = 13.6 μM).{47459} Aurantioobtusin (10 and 100 μM) activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in a concentration-dependent manner.{47460} It inhibits rat platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (Item Nos. 90010 | 90010.1 | 10006607), ADP, and collagen.{47461} Aurantioobtusin induces vasorelaxation in isolated precontracted rat mesenteric artery rings, an effect that is inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY290042 or inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).{47462} It is larvicidal against A. gambiae mosquitoes (LD50 = 10 ppm).{47463}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:27481 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Auraptene is a coumarin derived from citrus plants that bears a geranyloxyl moiety at its C-7. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities.{21870,21869,21867,21868,21871} It inhibits leukocyte activation and induces phase II enzymes during the initiation phase of carcinogenesis.{21870} When examined for its potential use in Alzheimer’s disease treatment, auraptene was shown to inhibit β-secretase (BACE1) activity with an IC50 value of 345.1 μM.{21872}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Auraptene is a coumarin derived from citrus plants that bears a geranyloxyl moiety at its C-7. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities.{21870,21869,21867,21868,21871} It inhibits leukocyte activation and induces phase II enzymes during the initiation phase of carcinogenesis.{21870} When examined for its potential use in Alzheimer’s disease treatment, auraptene was shown to inhibit β-secretase (BACE1) activity with an IC50 value of 345.1 μM.{21872}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Auraptene is a coumarin derived from citrus plants that bears a geranyloxyl moiety at its C-7. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities.{21870,21869,21867,21868,21871} It inhibits leukocyte activation and induces phase II enzymes during the initiation phase of carcinogenesis.{21870} When examined for its potential use in Alzheimer’s disease treatment, auraptene was shown to inhibit β-secretase (BACE1) activity with an IC50 value of 345.1 μM.{21872}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Auraptene is a coumarin derived from citrus plants that bears a geranyloxyl moiety at its C-7. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities.{21870,21869,21867,21868,21871} It inhibits leukocyte activation and induces phase II enzymes during the initiation phase of carcinogenesis.{21870} When examined for its potential use in Alzheimer’s disease treatment, auraptene was shown to inhibit β-secretase (BACE1) activity with an IC50 value of 345.1 μM.{21872}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Aureothin is a natural nitroaryl-substituted polyketide that exhibits antitumor, antifungal, and insecticidal activities.{31051,31052} It is a non-competitive inhibitor of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of bovine heart, N. crassa, and E. coli (IC50s = 0.07, 0.08, and 22 nmol/mg protein, respectively).{31050}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

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  • Aureothin is a natural nitroaryl-substituted polyketide that exhibits antitumor, antifungal, and insecticidal activities.{31051,31052} It is a non-competitive inhibitor of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of bovine heart, N. crassa, and E. coli (IC50s = 0.07, 0.08, and 22 nmol/mg protein, respectively).{31050}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

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  • Aureothricin is a dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic first isolated from Streptomyces sp. that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as strains of M. tuberculosis.{31616} It is also reported to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, blocking activity of the vitronectin receptor integrin αvβ3 with an IC50 value of 1.1 µM.{31617}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19942 -

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  • Aureothricin is a dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic first isolated from Streptomyces sp. that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as strains of M. tuberculosis.{31616} It is also reported to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, blocking activity of the vitronectin receptor integrin αvβ3 with an IC50 value of 1.1 µM.{31617}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19942 -

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  • Aureothricin is a dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic first isolated from Streptomyces sp. that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as strains of M. tuberculosis.{31616} It is also reported to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, blocking activity of the vitronectin receptor integrin αvβ3 with an IC50 value of 1.1 µM.{31617}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19942 -

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  • Aureusimine B, also known as phevalin, is a natural pyrazinone produced by certain fungi and by Staphylococcus spp., including S. aureus.{31506,31173} Its synthesis appears to be initiated by a conserved nonribosomal peptide synthetase that creates a dipeptide (phenylalanine-valine) aldehyde, which then undergoes cyclization and oxidation.{31173} Aureusimine B inhibits calpain in a casein hydrolysis assay (IC50 = 1.3 µM), contributes to S. aureus infection in mice, and alters human keratinocyte gene expression.{31506,31507,31508}  

     

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    Cayman
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  • Aureusimine B, also known as phevalin, is a natural pyrazinone produced by certain fungi and by Staphylococcus spp., including S. aureus.{31506,31173} Its synthesis appears to be initiated by a conserved nonribosomal peptide synthetase that creates a dipeptide (phenylalanine-valine) aldehyde, which then undergoes cyclization and oxidation.{31173} Aureusimine B inhibits calpain in a casein hydrolysis assay (IC50 = 1.3 µM), contributes to S. aureus infection in mice, and alters human keratinocyte gene expression.{31506,31507,31508}  

     

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    Cayman
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  • Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is an inhibitor of protein synthesis that has diverse biological activities.{54334,54335,54336,54337,54338,54339,54340,54341} It inhibits the activity of a variety of enzymes, including the nucleases DNase I, RNase A, and S1, as well as the serine proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin in a concentration-dependent manner.{54335,54336} ATA inhibits replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV; EC50 = 200 µg/ml) and human enterovirus 71 in Vero cells (EV71; EC50 = 2.9 µM), as well as reduces HIV-1- or HIV-2-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells (IC50s = 1.1 and 0.85 µg/ml, respectively).{54337,54338,54339} It inhibits apoptosis induced by sanguinarine (Item No. 16951) in K562 leukemia cells when used at a concentration of 100 µM.{54340} ATA (20 mg/kg, i.p.) decreases CNS CD4+ T cell infiltration and reduces hind limb weakness and paralysis in a mouse model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).{54341}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:30636 - 100 g

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  • Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is an inhibitor of protein synthesis that has diverse biological activities.{54334,54335,54336,54337,54338,54339,54340,54341} It inhibits the activity of a variety of enzymes, including the nucleases DNase I, RNase A, and S1, as well as the serine proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin in a concentration-dependent manner.{54335,54336} ATA inhibits replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV; EC50 = 200 µg/ml) and human enterovirus 71 in Vero cells (EV71; EC50 = 2.9 µM), as well as reduces HIV-1- or HIV-2-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells (IC50s = 1.1 and 0.85 µg/ml, respectively).{54337,54338,54339} It inhibits apoptosis induced by sanguinarine (Item No. 16951) in K562 leukemia cells when used at a concentration of 100 µM.{54340} ATA (20 mg/kg, i.p.) decreases CNS CD4+ T cell infiltration and reduces hind limb weakness and paralysis in a mouse model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).{54341}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:30636 - 25 g

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  • Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is an inhibitor of protein synthesis that has diverse biological activities.{54334,54335,54336,54337,54338,54339,54340,54341} It inhibits the activity of a variety of enzymes, including the nucleases DNase I, RNase A, and S1, as well as the serine proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin in a concentration-dependent manner.{54335,54336} ATA inhibits replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV; EC50 = 200 µg/ml) and human enterovirus 71 in Vero cells (EV71; EC50 = 2.9 µM), as well as reduces HIV-1- or HIV-2-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells (IC50s = 1.1 and 0.85 µg/ml, respectively).{54337,54338,54339} It inhibits apoptosis induced by sanguinarine (Item No. 16951) in K562 leukemia cells when used at a concentration of 100 µM.{54340} ATA (20 mg/kg, i.p.) decreases CNS CD4+ T cell infiltration and reduces hind limb weakness and paralysis in a mouse model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).{54341}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:30636 - 250 g

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