Chemicals
Showing 9451–9600 of 41137 results
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Angelicin is a furanocoumarin typically isolated from the seeds of P. corylifolia. Like other furanocoumarins, angelicin has antibacterial activities against a number of Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria.{21159} It has also been shown to prevent tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human liver-derived HepG2 cells (EC50 = 47 μg/ml) and vascular relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted rat aorta.{21157,21164} Angelicin also weakly inhibits topoisomerase II (IC50 = 404 μM).{21166}
Brand:CaymanSKU:11683 - 25 mgAvailable on backorder
Angelicin is a furanocoumarin typically isolated from the seeds of P. corylifolia. Like other furanocoumarins, angelicin has antibacterial activities against a number of Gram (+) and Gram (−) bacteria.{21159} It has also been shown to prevent tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human liver-derived HepG2 cells (EC50 = 47 μg/ml) and vascular relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted rat aorta.{21157,21164} Angelicin also weakly inhibits topoisomerase II (IC50 = 404 μM).{21166}
Brand:CaymanSKU:11683 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone known best as a vasoconstrictor with central roles in chronic hypertension, heart failure, and stroke.{21001} It is an octapeptide typically generated by the removal of two residues from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).{25199} Angiotensin II is a ligand for at least two distinct receptors, AT1 and AT2, each evoking distinct signaling pathways and physiological responses.{21001,26232} The development of antagonists for specific angiotensin II receptor subtypes represents a valuable alternative to ACE inhibitors.{26235}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Out of stock
Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone known best as a vasoconstrictor with central roles in chronic hypertension, heart failure, and stroke.{21001} It is an octapeptide typically generated by the removal of two residues from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).{25199} Angiotensin II is a ligand for at least two distinct receptors, AT1 and AT2, each evoking distinct signaling pathways and physiological responses.{21001,26232} The development of antagonists for specific angiotensin II receptor subtypes represents a valuable alternative to ACE inhibitors.{26235}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Out of stock
Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone known best as a vasoconstrictor with central roles in chronic hypertension, heart failure, and stroke.{21001} It is an octapeptide typically generated by the removal of two residues from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).{25199} Angiotensin II is a ligand for at least two distinct receptors, AT1 and AT2, each evoking distinct signaling pathways and physiological responses.{21001,26232} The development of antagonists for specific angiotensin II receptor subtypes represents a valuable alternative to ACE inhibitors.{26235}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Out of stock
Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone known best as a vasoconstrictor with central roles in chronic hypertension, heart failure, and stroke.{21001} It is an octapeptide typically generated by the removal of two residues from angiotensin I by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).{25199} Angiotensin II is a ligand for at least two distinct receptors, AT1 and AT2, each evoking distinct signaling pathways and physiological responses.{21001,26232} The development of antagonists for specific angiotensin II receptor subtypes represents a valuable alternative to ACE inhibitors.{26235}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Out of stock
Angiotensin III (Ang III) is a heptapeptide agonist at the angiotensin 1 (AT1) and AT2 receptors, with a 30-fold higher affinity for AT2 compared with AT1 in HEK293 cells.{26232,34120} Ang III is the preferred agonist for renal AT2 receptors, which are responsible for sodium excretion into the urine.{34101} Ang III induces the same level of aldosterone synthesis as Ang II but has lower vasoconstrictive activity in vivo.{34099} In the brain renin-angiotensin system, Ang III increases sympathetic nerve activity and vasopressin release and dampens the baroreflex leading to higher blood pressure.{34100}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21618 -Out of stock
Angiotensin III (Ang III) is a heptapeptide agonist at the angiotensin 1 (AT1) and AT2 receptors, with a 30-fold higher affinity for AT2 compared with AT1 in HEK293 cells.{26232,34120} Ang III is the preferred agonist for renal AT2 receptors, which are responsible for sodium excretion into the urine.{34101} Ang III induces the same level of aldosterone synthesis as Ang II but has lower vasoconstrictive activity in vivo.{34099} In the brain renin-angiotensin system, Ang III increases sympathetic nerve activity and vasopressin release and dampens the baroreflex leading to higher blood pressure.{34100}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21618 -Out of stock
Angiotensin III (Ang III) is a heptapeptide agonist at the angiotensin 1 (AT1) and AT2 receptors, with a 30-fold higher affinity for AT2 compared with AT1 in HEK293 cells.{26232,34120} Ang III is the preferred agonist for renal AT2 receptors, which are responsible for sodium excretion into the urine.{34101} Ang III induces the same level of aldosterone synthesis as Ang II but has lower vasoconstrictive activity in vivo.{34099} In the brain renin-angiotensin system, Ang III increases sympathetic nerve activity and vasopressin release and dampens the baroreflex leading to higher blood pressure.{34100}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21618 -Out of stock
Angiotensin III (Ang III) is a heptapeptide agonist at the angiotensin 1 (AT1) and AT2 receptors, with a 30-fold higher affinity for AT2 compared with AT1 in HEK293 cells.{26232,34120} Ang III is the preferred agonist for renal AT2 receptors, which are responsible for sodium excretion into the urine.{34101} Ang III induces the same level of aldosterone synthesis as Ang II but has lower vasoconstrictive activity in vivo.{34099} In the brain renin-angiotensin system, Ang III increases sympathetic nerve activity and vasopressin release and dampens the baroreflex leading to higher blood pressure.{34100}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21618 -Out of stock
Anguinomycin A is an antibiotic first isolated from a Streptomyces sp. and analog of leptomycin B (Item No. 10004976) that is highly cytotoxic to mouse P388 leukemia cells in vitro (IC50 = 0.1-0.2 ng/ml).{32130} It also demonstrates antitumor activity at 62.5 µg/kg/day against Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.{32130}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20598 -Available on backorder
Anguinomycin A is an antibiotic first isolated from a Streptomyces sp. and analog of leptomycin B (Item No. 10004976) that is highly cytotoxic to mouse P388 leukemia cells in vitro (IC50 = 0.1-0.2 ng/ml).{32130} It also demonstrates antitumor activity at 62.5 µg/kg/day against Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.{32130}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20598 -Available on backorder
Anhydrochlortetracycline is an impurity of the tetracycline antibiotic chlortetracycline formed by acid degradation.{31612} It is a poor inhibitor of protein synthesis and has minor antimicrobial activity against various strains of actinomycetes.{31612,17512}
Brand:CaymanSKU:19941 -Available on backorder
Anhydrochlortetracycline is an impurity of the tetracycline antibiotic chlortetracycline formed by acid degradation.{31612} It is a poor inhibitor of protein synthesis and has minor antimicrobial activity against various strains of actinomycetes.{31612,17512}
Brand:CaymanSKU:19941 -Available on backorder
Anhydroepiophiobolin A is a sesterterpenoid fungal metabolite that has been found in B. oryzae.{41883,43917} It is cytotoxic to HepG2 and K562 cells (IC50s = 47.1 and 35.6 μM, respectively) as well as A549, SKOV3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15 cells (IC50s = 1.6-1.9 μg/ml).{41883,43916} Anhydroepiophiobolin A is phytotoxic to S. viridis and D. erucoides in a leaf puncture assay.{43917}
Brand:CaymanSKU:28026 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
Anhydroepiophiobolin A is a sesterterpenoid fungal metabolite that has been found in B. oryzae.{41883,43917} It is cytotoxic to HepG2 and K562 cells (IC50s = 47.1 and 35.6 μM, respectively) as well as A549, SKOV3, SK-MEL-2, XF498, and HCT15 cells (IC50s = 1.6-1.9 μg/ml).{41883,43916} Anhydroepiophiobolin A is phytotoxic to S. viridis and D. erucoides in a leaf puncture assay.{43917}
Brand:CaymanSKU:28026 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
Anhydroerythromycin A is a degradation product of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (Item No. 16486).{46271,46272} It is formed via degradation of erythromycin in acidic aqueous solutions in vitro as well as in vivo. Anhydroerythromycin A is active against S. aureus and B. cereus in vitro (MICs = 12.5 and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively).{46273} It also inhibits steroid 6β-hydroxylase activity associated with the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A in human liver microsomes.{46274}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27960 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
Anhydroerythromycin A is a degradation product of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (Item No. 16486).{46271,46272} It is formed via degradation of erythromycin in acidic aqueous solutions in vitro as well as in vivo. Anhydroerythromycin A is active against S. aureus and B. cereus in vitro (MICs = 12.5 and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively).{46273} It also inhibits steroid 6β-hydroxylase activity associated with the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A in human liver microsomes.{46274}
Brand:CaymanSKU:27960 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
Anhydroophiobolin A is an ophiobolin fungal metabolite that has been found in C. heterostrophus fermentation broths.{41882} It is cytotoxic to HepG2 and K562 cancer cells (IC50s = 55.7 and 39.5 μM, respectively).{41883}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25483 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
Anhydroophiobolin A is an ophiobolin fungal metabolite that has been found in C. heterostrophus fermentation broths.{41882} It is cytotoxic to HepG2 and K562 cancer cells (IC50s = 55.7 and 39.5 μM, respectively).{41883}
Brand:CaymanSKU:25483 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
Brand:CaymanSKU:10009542 - 100 mgAvailable on backorder
The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
Brand:CaymanSKU:10009542 - 250 mgAvailable on backorder
The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
Brand:CaymanSKU:10009542 - 50 mgAvailable on backorder
The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
Brand:CaymanSKU:10009542 - 500 mgAvailable on backorder
Ani 9 is an inhibitor of the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) anoctamin 1 (ANO1) that blocks ATP-induced apical membrane chloride currents in ANO1-expressing Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells (IC50 = 77 nM).{53185} It is selective for ANO1 over ANO2 at 10 μM and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) at 30 μM. Ani 9 inhibits ATP-induced quenching of a fluorescent intracellular halide sensor in PC3 prostate cancer cells and Capan-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner.
Brand:CaymanSKU:29733 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
Ani 9 is an inhibitor of the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) anoctamin 1 (ANO1) that blocks ATP-induced apical membrane chloride currents in ANO1-expressing Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells (IC50 = 77 nM).{53185} It is selective for ANO1 over ANO2 at 10 μM and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) at 30 μM. Ani 9 inhibits ATP-induced quenching of a fluorescent intracellular halide sensor in PC3 prostate cancer cells and Capan-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner.
Brand:CaymanSKU:29733 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
Ani 9 is an inhibitor of the calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) anoctamin 1 (ANO1) that blocks ATP-induced apical membrane chloride currents in ANO1-expressing Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells (IC50 = 77 nM).{53185} It is selective for ANO1 over ANO2 at 10 μM and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) at 30 μM. Ani 9 inhibits ATP-induced quenching of a fluorescent intracellular halide sensor in PC3 prostate cancer cells and Capan-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner.
Brand:CaymanSKU:29733 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
Anidulafungin is a semisynthetic echinocandin that has potent in vitro activity against Aspergillus and Candida species, including those resistant to fluconazole (Item No. 11594) or amphotericin B (Item No. 11636).{32286} Echinocandins, including anidulafungin, have a favorable clinical efficacy for both prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections with fewer adverse events than triazoles.{32287}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20753 -Available on backorder
Anidulafungin is a semisynthetic echinocandin that has potent in vitro activity against Aspergillus and Candida species, including those resistant to fluconazole (Item No. 11594) or amphotericin B (Item No. 11636).{32286} Echinocandins, including anidulafungin, have a favorable clinical efficacy for both prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections with fewer adverse events than triazoles.{32287}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20753 -Available on backorder
Aniline (hydrochloride) (Item No. 21963) is an analytical reference standard that is structurally categorized as a synthetic intermediate. It is used to make the imine derivative of NPP (Item No. 20528) as part of the synthesis of fentanyl (Item Nos. 14719 | ISO60197 ) and its derivatives.{34312} This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Brand:CaymanSKU:21963 -Out of stock
Aniline-13C6 is a building block.{52530,52531} It has been used in the synthesis of 13C6-labeled derivatives of tryptophan and indole, as well as 13C6-labeled benzimidazoles.
Brand:CaymanSKU:30523 - 1 gAvailable on backorder
Aniline-13C6 is a building block.{52530,52531} It has been used in the synthesis of 13C6-labeled derivatives of tryptophan and indole, as well as 13C6-labeled benzimidazoles.
Brand:CaymanSKU:30523 - 100 mgAvailable on backorder
Aniline-13C6 is a building block.{52530,52531} It has been used in the synthesis of 13C6-labeled derivatives of tryptophan and indole, as well as 13C6-labeled benzimidazoles.
Brand:CaymanSKU:30523 - 250 mgAvailable on backorder
Aniline-13C6 is a building block.{52530,52531} It has been used in the synthesis of 13C6-labeled derivatives of tryptophan and indole, as well as 13C6-labeled benzimidazoles.
Brand:CaymanSKU:30523 - 500 mgAvailable on backorder
Aniracetam (Item No. 17752) is an analytical reference standard that is classified as a nootropic. It can block AMPA receptor desensitization and, consequently, enhance excitatory activity by several fold.{24138,30478} It can also allosterically modulate metabotropic glutamate receptors.{30479} The therapeutic value of aniracetam has been explored in various rodent models for the treatment of cognitive impairment or other CNS disorders.{30479} This product is intended for forensic and research purposes only.
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
Aniracetam (Item No. 17752) is an analytical reference standard that is classified as a nootropic. It can block AMPA receptor desensitization and, consequently, enhance excitatory activity by several fold.{24138,30478} It can also allosterically modulate metabotropic glutamate receptors.{30479} The therapeutic value of aniracetam has been explored in various rodent models for the treatment of cognitive impairment or other CNS disorders.{30479} This product is intended for forensic and research purposes only.
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
Aniracetam (Item No. 17752) is an analytical reference standard that is classified as a nootropic. It can block AMPA receptor desensitization and, consequently, enhance excitatory activity by several fold.{24138,30478} It can also allosterically modulate metabotropic glutamate receptors.{30479} The therapeutic value of aniracetam has been explored in various rodent models for the treatment of cognitive impairment or other CNS disorders.{30479} This product is intended for forensic and research purposes only.
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
Anisodamine is a natural tropane alkaloid shown to be a weak antagonist of α1-adrenoceptors, blocking WB-4101 and clonidine (Item No. 15949) binding in brain membrane preparations with pKi values of 2.63 and 1.61, respectively.{31352} Anisodamine also has antioxidant effects that may protect against free radical-induced cellular damage.{31351} Anisodamine is predominantly found in the roots of A. tanguticus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine for topical applications.{31350}
Brand:CaymanSKU:19650 -Available on backorder
Anisodamine is a natural tropane alkaloid shown to be a weak antagonist of α1-adrenoceptors, blocking WB-4101 and clonidine (Item No. 15949) binding in brain membrane preparations with pKi values of 2.63 and 1.61, respectively.{31352} Anisodamine also has antioxidant effects that may protect against free radical-induced cellular damage.{31351} Anisodamine is predominantly found in the roots of A. tanguticus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine for topical applications.{31350}
Brand:CaymanSKU:19650 -Available on backorder
Anisodamine is a natural tropane alkaloid shown to be a weak antagonist of α1-adrenoceptors, blocking WB-4101 and clonidine (Item No. 15949) binding in brain membrane preparations with pKi values of 2.63 and 1.61, respectively.{31352} Anisodamine also has antioxidant effects that may protect against free radical-induced cellular damage.{31351} Anisodamine is predominantly found in the roots of A. tanguticus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine for topical applications.{31350}
Brand:CaymanSKU:19650 -Available on backorder
Anisodamine is a natural tropane alkaloid shown to be a weak antagonist of α1-adrenoceptors, blocking WB-4101 and clonidine (Item No. 15949) binding in brain membrane preparations with pKi values of 2.63 and 1.61, respectively.{31352} Anisodamine also has antioxidant effects that may protect against free radical-induced cellular damage.{31351} Anisodamine is predominantly found in the roots of A. tanguticus, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine for topical applications.{31350}
Brand:CaymanSKU:19650 -Available on backorder
Anisomycin is a pyrrolidine antibiotic produced by S. griseolus that inhibits protein and DNA synthesis.{20427} It activates stress-activated protein kinase, MAP kinase, and other signal transduction pathways. At 30 mg/kg, anisomycin displays immunosuppressive activity superior to that of Cyclosporine A, blocking T cell proliferation in skin-transplanted mice.{20426} Through a caspase-8-dependent pathway, anisomycin acts as a potent and specific anoikis sensitizer of malignant epithelial cells resistant to apoptosis upon detachment from the ECM, preventing distal tumor formation in a mouse model of prostate cancer metastases.{20428}
Brand:CaymanSKU:11308 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
Anisomycin is a pyrrolidine antibiotic produced by S. griseolus that inhibits protein and DNA synthesis.{20427} It activates stress-activated protein kinase, MAP kinase, and other signal transduction pathways. At 30 mg/kg, anisomycin displays immunosuppressive activity superior to that of Cyclosporine A, blocking T cell proliferation in skin-transplanted mice.{20426} Through a caspase-8-dependent pathway, anisomycin acts as a potent and specific anoikis sensitizer of malignant epithelial cells resistant to apoptosis upon detachment from the ECM, preventing distal tumor formation in a mouse model of prostate cancer metastases.{20428}
Brand:CaymanSKU:11308 - 100 mgAvailable on backorder
Anisomycin is a pyrrolidine antibiotic produced by S. griseolus that inhibits protein and DNA synthesis.{20427} It activates stress-activated protein kinase, MAP kinase, and other signal transduction pathways. At 30 mg/kg, anisomycin displays immunosuppressive activity superior to that of Cyclosporine A, blocking T cell proliferation in skin-transplanted mice.{20426} Through a caspase-8-dependent pathway, anisomycin acts as a potent and specific anoikis sensitizer of malignant epithelial cells resistant to apoptosis upon detachment from the ECM, preventing distal tumor formation in a mouse model of prostate cancer metastases.{20428}
Brand:CaymanSKU:11308 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
Anisomycin is a pyrrolidine antibiotic produced by S. griseolus that inhibits protein and DNA synthesis.{20427} It activates stress-activated protein kinase, MAP kinase, and other signal transduction pathways. At 30 mg/kg, anisomycin displays immunosuppressive activity superior to that of Cyclosporine A, blocking T cell proliferation in skin-transplanted mice.{20426} Through a caspase-8-dependent pathway, anisomycin acts as a potent and specific anoikis sensitizer of malignant epithelial cells resistant to apoptosis upon detachment from the ECM, preventing distal tumor formation in a mouse model of prostate cancer metastases.{20428}
Brand:CaymanSKU:11308 - 50 mgAvailable on backorder
Annonacin is a potent and lipophilic acetogenin from A. muricata that inhibits mitochondrial complex I (IC50 = 54.8 nM).{37049},{37050} Annonacin induces ATP depletion, tau pathologies, and dopaminergic cell death in rats (EC50s = 134, 44.1, and 60.8 nM, respectively). Quantities of annonacin in the fruit and teas made from leaves of A. muricata are such that a cumulative dose sufficient to induce murine neurodegeneration can be attained in humans by regular consumption within one year. This implicates annonacin in the etiology of taupathologies identified in regions of A. muricata consumption. Annonacin also reduces cell survival (ED50 = 0.31 µM in MCF-7 cells) and decreases MCF-7 xenograft tumor size in nude mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day.{37051}
Brand:CaymanSKU:22415 -Out of stock
Annonacin is a potent and lipophilic acetogenin from A. muricata that inhibits mitochondrial complex I (IC50 = 54.8 nM).{37049},{37050} Annonacin induces ATP depletion, tau pathologies, and dopaminergic cell death in rats (EC50s = 134, 44.1, and 60.8 nM, respectively). Quantities of annonacin in the fruit and teas made from leaves of A. muricata are such that a cumulative dose sufficient to induce murine neurodegeneration can be attained in humans by regular consumption within one year. This implicates annonacin in the etiology of taupathologies identified in regions of A. muricata consumption. Annonacin also reduces cell survival (ED50 = 0.31 µM in MCF-7 cells) and decreases MCF-7 xenograft tumor size in nude mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day.{37051}
Brand:CaymanSKU:22415 -Out of stock
Ansamitocin P-3 is a microtubule depolymerizing agent that can be isolated from culture broths of certain Gram-positive bacteria.{32392,32391} It binds tubulin (Kd = 1.3 µM), depolymerizes microtubules in both interphase and mitosis, and perturbs chromosome segregation.{32393} Ansamitocin P-3 also activates the spindle checkpoint surveillance proteins Mad2 and BubR1, blocking cell cycling during mitosis.{32393} It inhibits the growth of cancer cells in culture and significantly suppresses the growth of several cancer tumors in mice, prolonging survival time.{32392,32393}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20538 -Available on backorder
Ansamitocin P-3 is a microtubule depolymerizing agent that can be isolated from culture broths of certain Gram-positive bacteria.{32392,32391} It binds tubulin (Kd = 1.3 µM), depolymerizes microtubules in both interphase and mitosis, and perturbs chromosome segregation.{32393} Ansamitocin P-3 also activates the spindle checkpoint surveillance proteins Mad2 and BubR1, blocking cell cycling during mitosis.{32393} It inhibits the growth of cancer cells in culture and significantly suppresses the growth of several cancer tumors in mice, prolonging survival time.{32392,32393}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20538 -Available on backorder
Ansamitocin P-3 is a microtubule depolymerizing agent that can be isolated from culture broths of certain Gram-positive bacteria.{32392,32391} It binds tubulin (Kd = 1.3 µM), depolymerizes microtubules in both interphase and mitosis, and perturbs chromosome segregation.{32393} Ansamitocin P-3 also activates the spindle checkpoint surveillance proteins Mad2 and BubR1, blocking cell cycling during mitosis.{32393} It inhibits the growth of cancer cells in culture and significantly suppresses the growth of several cancer tumors in mice, prolonging survival time.{32392,32393}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20538 -Available on backorder
Ansamitocin P-3 is a microtubule depolymerizing agent that can be isolated from culture broths of certain Gram-positive bacteria.{32392,32391} It binds tubulin (Kd = 1.3 µM), depolymerizes microtubules in both interphase and mitosis, and perturbs chromosome segregation.{32393} Ansamitocin P-3 also activates the spindle checkpoint surveillance proteins Mad2 and BubR1, blocking cell cycling during mitosis.{32393} It inhibits the growth of cancer cells in culture and significantly suppresses the growth of several cancer tumors in mice, prolonging survival time.{32392,32393}
Brand:CaymanSKU:20538 -Available on backorder
Ansatrienin A is an ansamycin antibiotic and antifungal agent first isolated from S. collinus and S. rishiriensis.{37029,37026} In fetal rat long bones, it is an inhibitor of parathyroid hormone-induced calcium release (IC50 = 64 nM), which is a measure of bone resorption, and pp60c-srcM kinase (IC50 = 100 nM).{37028} It also inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; IC50 = 570 nM).{37025} Early in vitro studies showed that ansatrienin A potentiates the chemotherapeutic action of 5-fluorouracil (Item No. 14416), cisplatin (Item No. 13119), bleomycin (Item No. 13877), mitomycin C (Item No. 11435), and 6-mercaptopurine.{37027} It is an oxidized form of ansatrienin B (Item No. 21996).{37026}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21995 -Out of stock
Ansatrienin A is an ansamycin antibiotic and antifungal agent first isolated from S. collinus and S. rishiriensis.{37029,37026} In fetal rat long bones, it is an inhibitor of parathyroid hormone-induced calcium release (IC50 = 64 nM), which is a measure of bone resorption, and pp60c-srcM kinase (IC50 = 100 nM).{37028} It also inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; IC50 = 570 nM).{37025} Early in vitro studies showed that ansatrienin A potentiates the chemotherapeutic action of 5-fluorouracil (Item No. 14416), cisplatin (Item No. 13119), bleomycin (Item No. 13877), mitomycin C (Item No. 11435), and 6-mercaptopurine.{37027} It is an oxidized form of ansatrienin B (Item No. 21996).{37026}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21995 -Out of stock
Ansatrienin B is an ansamycin antibiotic and antifungal agent first isolated from S. collinus and S. rishiriensis.{37029},{37026} In fetal rat long bones, it is an inhibitor of parathyroid hormone-induced calcium release (IC50 = 21 nM), which is a measure of bone resorption, and pp60c-src kinase (IC50 = 50 nM).{37028} It is an inhibitor of translation at the protein synthesis stage by specific inhibition of L-leucine incorporation (IC50 = 58 nM in A549 cells).{37025} It also inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; IC50 = 300 nM). Early in vitro studies showed that ansatrienin B potentiates the chemotherapeutic action of 5-fluorouracil (Item No. 14416), cisplatin (Item No. 13119), bleomycin (Item No. 13877), mitomycin C (Item No. 11435), and 6-mercaptopurine.{37027} Ansatrienin B is a hydroquinone form of ansatrienin A (Item No. 21995).{37026}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21996 -Out of stock
Ansatrienin B is an ansamycin antibiotic and antifungal agent first isolated from S. collinus and S. rishiriensis.{37029},{37026} In fetal rat long bones, it is an inhibitor of parathyroid hormone-induced calcium release (IC50 = 21 nM), which is a measure of bone resorption, and pp60c-src kinase (IC50 = 50 nM).{37028} It is an inhibitor of translation at the protein synthesis stage by specific inhibition of L-leucine incorporation (IC50 = 58 nM in A549 cells).{37025} It also inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; IC50 = 300 nM). Early in vitro studies showed that ansatrienin B potentiates the chemotherapeutic action of 5-fluorouracil (Item No. 14416), cisplatin (Item No. 13119), bleomycin (Item No. 13877), mitomycin C (Item No. 11435), and 6-mercaptopurine.{37027} Ansatrienin B is a hydroquinone form of ansatrienin A (Item No. 21995).{37026}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21996 -Out of stock
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secreted from the hypothalamus is the major regulator of pituitary corticotropin-release and consequent glucocorticoid secretion. Antalarmin is a selective, nonpeptide antagonist of the CRH receptor 1 (Ki = 1 nM) that, consequently, reduces the release of corticotropin in response to chronic stress.{24335} Through its antagonism of central CRH signaling, antalarmin can reduce endocrinological, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses to stressful stimuli.{24337} It has also been shown to reduce dose escalation in cocaine-addicted rats, to produce anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis models, and to suppress stress-induced gastric ulceration related to irritable bowel syndrome.{24336,24337}
Brand:CaymanSKU:- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secreted from the hypothalamus is the major regulator of pituitary corticotropin-release and consequent glucocorticoid secretion. Antalarmin is a selective, nonpeptide antagonist of the CRH receptor 1 (Ki = 1 nM) that, consequently, reduces the release of corticotropin in response to chronic stress.{24335} Through its antagonism of central CRH signaling, antalarmin can reduce endocrinological, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses to stressful stimuli.{24337} It has also been shown to reduce dose escalation in cocaine-addicted rats, to produce anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis models, and to suppress stress-induced gastric ulceration related to irritable bowel syndrome.{24336,24337}
Brand:CaymanSKU:- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secreted from the hypothalamus is the major regulator of pituitary corticotropin-release and consequent glucocorticoid secretion. Antalarmin is a selective, nonpeptide antagonist of the CRH receptor 1 (Ki = 1 nM) that, consequently, reduces the release of corticotropin in response to chronic stress.{24335} Through its antagonism of central CRH signaling, antalarmin can reduce endocrinological, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses to stressful stimuli.{24337} It has also been shown to reduce dose escalation in cocaine-addicted rats, to produce anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis models, and to suppress stress-induced gastric ulceration related to irritable bowel syndrome.{24336,24337}
Brand:CaymanSKU:- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secreted from the hypothalamus is the major regulator of pituitary corticotropin-release and consequent glucocorticoid secretion. Antalarmin is a selective, nonpeptide antagonist of the CRH receptor 1 (Ki = 1 nM) that, consequently, reduces the release of corticotropin in response to chronic stress.{24335} Through its antagonism of central CRH signaling, antalarmin can reduce endocrinological, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses to stressful stimuli.{24337} It has also been shown to reduce dose escalation in cocaine-addicted rats, to produce anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis models, and to suppress stress-induced gastric ulceration related to irritable bowel syndrome.{24336,24337}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-
Antazoline is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist that binds to histamine H1receptors with a Ki value of 38.4 nM in cell membranes expressing human recombinant H1 receptors.{33247} Antazoline reduces histamine-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IC50s = 1 and 0.652 μM, respectively). It completely prevents anaphylaxis in rabbits sensitized to egg albumin and increases survival in a guinea pig model of histamine-induced bronchospasm.{40285} Antazoline (10-30 µM) eliminates atrial fibrillation induced by acetylcholine and isoproterenol (Item No. 15592) in isolated rabbit hearts by increasing the atrial effective refractory period and interatrial conduction time in a dose-dependent manner.{40286} Antazoline also binds to NMDA receptors (Ki = 13 μM) and reduces glutamate-induced toxicity in cerebellar granule cells (EC50 = 13 μM).{40287}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23415 - 1 gAvailable on backorder
Antazoline is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist that binds to histamine H1receptors with a Ki value of 38.4 nM in cell membranes expressing human recombinant H1 receptors.{33247} Antazoline reduces histamine-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IC50s = 1 and 0.652 μM, respectively). It completely prevents anaphylaxis in rabbits sensitized to egg albumin and increases survival in a guinea pig model of histamine-induced bronchospasm.{40285} Antazoline (10-30 µM) eliminates atrial fibrillation induced by acetylcholine and isoproterenol (Item No. 15592) in isolated rabbit hearts by increasing the atrial effective refractory period and interatrial conduction time in a dose-dependent manner.{40286} Antazoline also binds to NMDA receptors (Ki = 13 μM) and reduces glutamate-induced toxicity in cerebellar granule cells (EC50 = 13 μM).{40287}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23415 - 5 gAvailable on backorder
Antazoline is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist that binds to histamine H1receptors with a Ki value of 38.4 nM in cell membranes expressing human recombinant H1 receptors.{33247} Antazoline reduces histamine-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IC50s = 1 and 0.652 μM, respectively). It completely prevents anaphylaxis in rabbits sensitized to egg albumin and increases survival in a guinea pig model of histamine-induced bronchospasm.{40285} Antazoline (10-30 µM) eliminates atrial fibrillation induced by acetylcholine and isoproterenol (Item No. 15592) in isolated rabbit hearts by increasing the atrial effective refractory period and interatrial conduction time in a dose-dependent manner.{40286} Antazoline also binds to NMDA receptors (Ki = 13 μM) and reduces glutamate-induced toxicity in cerebellar granule cells (EC50 = 13 μM).{40287}
Brand:CaymanSKU:23415 - 500 mgAvailable on backorder
Anthirine is an alkaloid that has been found in S. angustiflora and has analgesic activity.{57191} It increases the latency to paw licking in a hot plate test in mice when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg.
Brand:CaymanSKU:31343 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
Anthirine is an alkaloid that has been found in S. angustiflora and has analgesic activity.{57191} It increases the latency to paw licking in a hot plate test in mice when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg.
Brand:CaymanSKU:31343 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
Anthralin is an anthrone inhibitor of keratinocyte proliferation and a modulator of differentiation.{45558} It increases apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) when used at a concentration of 2.5 μM. It also decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, increases cytochrome c release, and induces perinuclear mitochondrial clustering in NHKs when used at a concentration of 5 μM.{45559} Anthralin (0.25 μM) decreases the expression of β-defensin-2 (Item No. 24577) and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) and increases the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in IL-17A- and IL-22-stimulated NHKs.{45558} It also inhibits leukotriene B4 (LTB4; Item No. 20110) production, stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187 (Item No. 11016), from human neutrophils (IC50 = 7 μM).{342} Topical anthralin (0.1%) induces hair regrowth in a Dundee experimental bald rat (DEBR) model of alopecia areata.{45560}
Brand:CaymanSKU:28371 - 1 gAvailable on backorder
Anthralin is an anthrone inhibitor of keratinocyte proliferation and a modulator of differentiation.{45558} It increases apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) when used at a concentration of 2.5 μM. It also decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, increases cytochrome c release, and induces perinuclear mitochondrial clustering in NHKs when used at a concentration of 5 μM.{45559} Anthralin (0.25 μM) decreases the expression of β-defensin-2 (Item No. 24577) and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) and increases the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in IL-17A- and IL-22-stimulated NHKs.{45558} It also inhibits leukotriene B4 (LTB4; Item No. 20110) production, stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187 (Item No. 11016), from human neutrophils (IC50 = 7 μM).{342} Topical anthralin (0.1%) induces hair regrowth in a Dundee experimental bald rat (DEBR) model of alopecia areata.{45560}
Brand:CaymanSKU:28371 - 5 gAvailable on backorder
Anthralin is an anthrone inhibitor of keratinocyte proliferation and a modulator of differentiation.{45558} It increases apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) when used at a concentration of 2.5 μM. It also decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential, increases cytochrome c release, and induces perinuclear mitochondrial clustering in NHKs when used at a concentration of 5 μM.{45559} Anthralin (0.25 μM) decreases the expression of β-defensin-2 (Item No. 24577) and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) and increases the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in IL-17A- and IL-22-stimulated NHKs.{45558} It also inhibits leukotriene B4 (LTB4; Item No. 20110) production, stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187 (Item No. 11016), from human neutrophils (IC50 = 7 μM).{342} Topical anthralin (0.1%) induces hair regrowth in a Dundee experimental bald rat (DEBR) model of alopecia areata.{45560}
Brand:CaymanSKU:28371 - 500 mgAvailable on backorder
Antibiotic PF 1052 is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Phoma.{48341,48342} It is active against S. aureus, S. parvulus, and C. perfringens (MICs = 3.13, 0.78, and 0.39 µg/ml, respectively), among others.{48341} It inhibits neutrophil migration in a wound assay using zebrafish larvae expressing GFP-labeled neutrophils, reducing pseudopodia formation and inducing rounding of neutrophils.{48342} Antibiotic PF 1052 is selective for neutrophil migration over macrophage migration in zebrafish larvae. It also inhibits the migration of murine neutrophils when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 µM.
Brand:CaymanSKU:27743 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
Antibiotic PF 1052 is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Phoma.{48341,48342} It is active against S. aureus, S. parvulus, and C. perfringens (MICs = 3.13, 0.78, and 0.39 µg/ml, respectively), among others.{48341} It inhibits neutrophil migration in a wound assay using zebrafish larvae expressing GFP-labeled neutrophils, reducing pseudopodia formation and inducing rounding of neutrophils.{48342} Antibiotic PF 1052 is selective for neutrophil migration over macrophage migration in zebrafish larvae. It also inhibits the migration of murine neutrophils when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 µM.
Brand:CaymanSKU:27743 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
Antibiotic PF 1052 is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from Phoma.{48341,48342} It is active against S. aureus, S. parvulus, and C. perfringens (MICs = 3.13, 0.78, and 0.39 µg/ml, respectively), among others.{48341} It inhibits neutrophil migration in a wound assay using zebrafish larvae expressing GFP-labeled neutrophils, reducing pseudopodia formation and inducing rounding of neutrophils.{48342} Antibiotic PF 1052 is selective for neutrophil migration over macrophage migration in zebrafish larvae. It also inhibits the migration of murine neutrophils when used at concentrations of 10 and 20 µM.
Brand:CaymanSKU:27743 - 500 µgAvailable on backorder
Antide is a third generation gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) antagonist.{54455,54456,54457,54458} It inhibits GnRH-induced secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotropin in isolated rat pituitary cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1,000 nM but does not induce histamine release in isolated rat mast cells (EC50 = >300 µg/ml).{54455,54457} Antide (250 µg/kg, i.v.) reduces serum LH and FSH levels in orchidectomized cynomolgus monkeys.{54456} It inhibits ovulation in rats when administered at a dose of 2 µg/animal.{54457} Antide (10 µg/animal, s.c.) reduces the intensity and duration of catalepsy induced by haloperidol (Item No. 12014) in rats.{54458}
Brand:CaymanSKU:31486 - 1 mgAvailable on backorder
Antide is a third generation gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) antagonist.{54455,54456,54457,54458} It inhibits GnRH-induced secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotropin in isolated rat pituitary cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1,000 nM but does not induce histamine release in isolated rat mast cells (EC50 = >300 µg/ml).{54455,54457} Antide (250 µg/kg, i.v.) reduces serum LH and FSH levels in orchidectomized cynomolgus monkeys.{54456} It inhibits ovulation in rats when administered at a dose of 2 µg/animal.{54457} Antide (10 µg/animal, s.c.) reduces the intensity and duration of catalepsy induced by haloperidol (Item No. 12014) in rats.{54458}
Brand:CaymanSKU:31486 - 10 mgAvailable on backorder
Antide is a third generation gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) antagonist.{54455,54456,54457,54458} It inhibits GnRH-induced secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotropin in isolated rat pituitary cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1,000 nM but does not induce histamine release in isolated rat mast cells (EC50 = >300 µg/ml).{54455,54457} Antide (250 µg/kg, i.v.) reduces serum LH and FSH levels in orchidectomized cynomolgus monkeys.{54456} It inhibits ovulation in rats when administered at a dose of 2 µg/animal.{54457} Antide (10 µg/animal, s.c.) reduces the intensity and duration of catalepsy induced by haloperidol (Item No. 12014) in rats.{54458}
Brand:CaymanSKU:31486 - 25 mgAvailable on backorder
Antide is a third generation gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) antagonist.{54455,54456,54457,54458} It inhibits GnRH-induced secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and gonadotropin in isolated rat pituitary cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 1,000 nM but does not induce histamine release in isolated rat mast cells (EC50 = >300 µg/ml).{54455,54457} Antide (250 µg/kg, i.v.) reduces serum LH and FSH levels in orchidectomized cynomolgus monkeys.{54456} It inhibits ovulation in rats when administered at a dose of 2 µg/animal.{54457} Antide (10 µg/animal, s.c.) reduces the intensity and duration of catalepsy induced by haloperidol (Item No. 12014) in rats.{54458}
Brand:CaymanSKU:31486 - 5 mgAvailable on backorder
Antileukinate is a synthetic hexapeptide with an acetylated amino terminus and an amidated carboxyl terminus that inhibits the binding of CXC chemokines to the chemokine receptor CXCR2.{28431,28432} It inhibits IL-8 binding to neutrophils (Ki = 2.7-13 µM), prevents neutrophil chemotaxis and β-glucuronidase release, and blocks IL-8-induced skin edema in rabbits.{28429,28430,28433} At 53 mg/kg, antileukinate has been shown to protect mice against acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury.{28432}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
Antileukinate is a synthetic hexapeptide with an acetylated amino terminus and an amidated carboxyl terminus that inhibits the binding of CXC chemokines to the chemokine receptor CXCR2.{28431,28432} It inhibits IL-8 binding to neutrophils (Ki = 2.7-13 µM), prevents neutrophil chemotaxis and β-glucuronidase release, and blocks IL-8-induced skin edema in rabbits.{28429,28430,28433} At 53 mg/kg, antileukinate has been shown to protect mice against acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury.{28432}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
Antileukinate is a synthetic hexapeptide with an acetylated amino terminus and an amidated carboxyl terminus that inhibits the binding of CXC chemokines to the chemokine receptor CXCR2.{28431,28432} It inhibits IL-8 binding to neutrophils (Ki = 2.7-13 µM), prevents neutrophil chemotaxis and β-glucuronidase release, and blocks IL-8-induced skin edema in rabbits.{28429,28430,28433} At 53 mg/kg, antileukinate has been shown to protect mice against acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury.{28432}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
Antimycin A, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces species that demonstrates antifungal, insecticidal, nematocidal, and piscicidal properties, is a mixture of Antimycins A1, A2, A3, and A4.{31064} It blocks mitochondrial respiration and can deplete cellular levels of ATP via inhibition of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Antimycin A prevents the transfer of electrons between the b-cytochromes and ubiquinone at the Q(inner) site of complex III. This results in the stabilization of the ubisemiquinone radical at the Q(outer) site of complex III, leading to increased production of superoxide.{24496,31063} Antimycin A is widely used in research to shunt electron flow through the ETC in order to study the chemical details of oxygen respiration. Additionally, antimycin A has been shown to inhibit Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, inducing apoptosis.{31063,25683,30742}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
Antimycin A, an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces species that demonstrates antifungal, insecticidal, nematocidal, and piscicidal properties, is a mixture of Antimycins A1, A2, A3, and A4.{31064} It blocks mitochondrial respiration and can deplete cellular levels of ATP via inhibition of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Antimycin A prevents the transfer of electrons between the b-cytochromes and ubiquinone at the Q(inner) site of complex III. This results in the stabilization of the ubisemiquinone radical at the Q(outer) site of complex III, leading to increased production of superoxide.{24496,31063} Antimycin A is widely used in research to shunt electron flow through the ETC in order to study the chemical details of oxygen respiration. Additionally, antimycin A has been shown to inhibit Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, inducing apoptosis.{31063,25683,30742}
Brand:CaymanSKU:-Available on backorder
Antimycin A2 is an active component of the antimycin A antibiotic complex.{38029,38030,38028} Antimycin A2 inhibits electron transport and exhibits antibiotic properties.{38029} It also inhibits ATP-citrate lyase with a Ki value of 4.2 µM.{38027} The antimycin A complex is a mixture of antimycins A1, A2, A3, and A4 that demonstrates antifungal, insecticidal, nematocidal, and piscicidal properties.{31064} It blocks mitochondrial respiration and can deplete cellular levels of ATP via inhibition of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Antimycin A prevents the transfer of electrons between the b-cytochromes and ubiquinone at the Q(inner) site of complex III. This results in the stabilization of the ubisemiquinone radical at the Q(outer) site of complex III, leading to increased production of superoxide.{24496,31063} Antimycin A is widely used in research to shunt electron flow through the ETC to study the chemical details of oxygen respiration. Additionally, antimycin A has been shown to inhibit Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, inducing apoptosis.{31063,25683,30742}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21997 -Out of stock
Antimycin A3 is a component of the antimycin A antibiotic complex that is more polar than antimycin A1 (Item No. 19433) and antimycin A2 (Item No. 21997) but not antimycin A4 (Item No. 21999).{38029,38030,38028,35010} Antimycin A3 binds to the Q(inner) site of mitochondrial complex III (cytochrome bc1) and inhibits mitochondrial respiration (IC50 = 38 nM in isolated rat liver mitochondria).{35009} It also inhibits ATP-citrate lyase with a Ki value of 60.1 µM, and it stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species.{38027,35008} In molecular modeling studies, antimycin binds to a mutant form of Bcl-2 (hBcl-2Δ22) and has a Kd value of 0.82 µM for binding to a recombinant mutant form of Bcl-2 (rhBcl-2Δ22) in an isothermal calorimetry assay.{35007}
Brand:CaymanSKU:21998 -Out of stock