Chemicals

Showing 38251–38400 of 41137 results

  • TMB is an aromatic amine that undergoes oxidation by the higher oxidation states of heme peroxidases (compounds I and II) thereby serving as a reducing co-substrate. One electron oxidation of TMB results in a radical cation that forms a charge-transfer complex with the unoxidized compound. This charge transfer complex absorbs at 652 nm (ε = 39,000).{8111} The completely oxidized form (diimine) absorbs at 450 nm (ε = 59,000) and is formed by two sequential one-electron oxidations of TMB.{8111,8109} Thus the stoichiometry of oxidation is 0.5 mole charge transfer complex (λmax = 652 nm) or 1 mole of diimine (λmax = 450 nm) formed (or TMB oxidized) per mole of hydroperoxide reduced by the peroxidase.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:70450 - 1 g

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  • TMB is an aromatic amine that undergoes oxidation by the higher oxidation states of heme peroxidases (compounds I and II) thereby serving as a reducing co-substrate. One electron oxidation of TMB results in a radical cation that forms a charge-transfer complex with the unoxidized compound. This charge transfer complex absorbs at 652 nm (ε = 39,000).{8111} The completely oxidized form (diimine) absorbs at 450 nm (ε = 59,000) and is formed by two sequential one-electron oxidations of TMB.{8111,8109} Thus the stoichiometry of oxidation is 0.5 mole charge transfer complex (λmax = 652 nm) or 1 mole of diimine (λmax = 450 nm) formed (or TMB oxidized) per mole of hydroperoxide reduced by the peroxidase.  

     

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    SKU:70450 - 100 mg

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  • TMB is an aromatic amine that undergoes oxidation by the higher oxidation states of heme peroxidases (compounds I and II) thereby serving as a reducing co-substrate. One electron oxidation of TMB results in a radical cation that forms a charge-transfer complex with the unoxidized compound. This charge transfer complex absorbs at 652 nm (ε = 39,000).{8111} The completely oxidized form (diimine) absorbs at 450 nm (ε = 59,000) and is formed by two sequential one-electron oxidations of TMB.{8111,8109} Thus the stoichiometry of oxidation is 0.5 mole charge transfer complex (λmax = 652 nm) or 1 mole of diimine (λmax = 450 nm) formed (or TMB oxidized) per mole of hydroperoxide reduced by the peroxidase.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:70450 - 250 mg

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  • TMB is an aromatic amine that undergoes oxidation by the higher oxidation states of heme peroxidases (compounds I and II) thereby serving as a reducing co-substrate. One electron oxidation of TMB results in a radical cation that forms a charge-transfer complex with the unoxidized compound. This charge transfer complex absorbs at 652 nm (ε = 39,000).{8111} The completely oxidized form (diimine) absorbs at 450 nm (ε = 59,000) and is formed by two sequential one-electron oxidations of TMB.{8111,8109} Thus the stoichiometry of oxidation is 0.5 mole charge transfer complex (λmax = 652 nm) or 1 mole of diimine (λmax = 450 nm) formed (or TMB oxidized) per mole of hydroperoxide reduced by the peroxidase.  

     

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    SKU:70450 - 5 g

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  • TMB 8 is a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with IC50 values of 390 and 350 nM, respectively, for human muscle-type and α3β4 subunit-containing ganglionic nAChRs expressed in TE671/RD or SH-SY5Y cells.{38552} It inhibits nicotine-induced dopamine release from rat brain synaptosomes (IC50 = 480 nM). TMB 8 also reduces calcium availability in smooth and skeletal muscle, blocking the contractile response in isolated rabbit aortic strip when used at a concentration of 50 µM and inhibiting calcium influx and efflux in isolated guinea pig ileum when used at a concentration of 65 µM.{38553} It has been used in the study of intracellular calcium dynamics, particularly in smooth muscle.{38554,38555} TMB 8 also inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity in a dose-dependent manner.{38556}  

     

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    SKU:23928 - 10 mg

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  • TMB 8 is a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with IC50 values of 390 and 350 nM, respectively, for human muscle-type and α3β4 subunit-containing ganglionic nAChRs expressed in TE671/RD or SH-SY5Y cells.{38552} It inhibits nicotine-induced dopamine release from rat brain synaptosomes (IC50 = 480 nM). TMB 8 also reduces calcium availability in smooth and skeletal muscle, blocking the contractile response in isolated rabbit aortic strip when used at a concentration of 50 µM and inhibiting calcium influx and efflux in isolated guinea pig ileum when used at a concentration of 65 µM.{38553} It has been used in the study of intracellular calcium dynamics, particularly in smooth muscle.{38554,38555} TMB 8 also inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity in a dose-dependent manner.{38556}  

     

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    SKU:23928 - 5 mg

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  • TMC207 is a diarylquinoline that selectively inhibits the proton pump of the mycobacterial ATP synthase.{31976} It demonstrates potent activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species with MIC50 values of ~0.03 µg/ml.{31976}  

     

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    SKU:20247 -

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  • TMC207 is a diarylquinoline that selectively inhibits the proton pump of the mycobacterial ATP synthase.{31976} It demonstrates potent activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species with MIC50 values of ~0.03 µg/ml.{31976}  

     

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    SKU:20247 -

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  • TMC207 is a diarylquinoline that selectively inhibits the proton pump of the mycobacterial ATP synthase.{31976} It demonstrates potent activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species with MIC50 values of ~0.03 µg/ml.{31976}  

     

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  • TMC207 is a diarylquinoline that selectively inhibits the proton pump of the mycobacterial ATP synthase.{31976} It demonstrates potent activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species with MIC50 values of ~0.03 µg/ml.{31976}  

     

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    SKU:20247 -

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  • TMCB is a dual inhibitor of casein kinase 2 (CK2) and ERK8 (IC50 = 0.5 µM for both).{22896} It also binds to Pim-1, HIPK2, and DYRK1A (Kis = 8.65, 15.25, and 11.9 µM, respectively) and inhibits greater than 50% of the activity of five kinases, including CK2, ERK8, and DYRK2, in a panel of 78 kinases at 10 µM. TMCB induces apoptosis in Jurkat cells when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 µM.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:27652 - 10 mg

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  • TMCB is a dual inhibitor of casein kinase 2 (CK2) and ERK8 (IC50 = 0.5 µM for both).{22896} It also binds to Pim-1, HIPK2, and DYRK1A (Kis = 8.65, 15.25, and 11.9 µM, respectively) and inhibits greater than 50% of the activity of five kinases, including CK2, ERK8, and DYRK2, in a panel of 78 kinases at 10 µM. TMCB induces apoptosis in Jurkat cells when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 µM.  

     

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    SKU:27652 - 5 mg

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  • TMI 1 is an inhibitor of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17/TACE; IC50 = 8.4 nM in a cell-free enzyme assay).{45715} It inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), -2, -7, -9, -13, and -14, as well as ADAM-TS-4 in vitro (IC50s = 6.6, 4.7, 26, 12, 3, 26, and 100 nM, respectively). It also inhibits ADAM8, -10, -12, and -17/TACE in cell-free enzyme assays with Ki values of 21, 16, 1.8, and 0.079 nM, respectively, with slow-binding inhibition of ADAM17/TACE but not the other ADAM enzymes.{23492} TMI 1 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in Raw and THP-1 cells (IC50s = 40 and 200 nM, respectively), as well as in isolated human monocytes and whole blood (IC50s = 190 and 300 nM, respectively).{45715} It inhibits the production of TNF-α ex vivo in synovium isolated from the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with IC50 values of less than 100 nM without inhibiting TNF-α expression in vitro. TMI 1 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α production in mice (ED50 = 5 mg/kg) and reduces disease severity in mouse models of collagen-induced arthritis. It also decreases cell viability of (ED50s = 1.3-8.1 µM), and induces caspase-3/7 activity in, a variety of cancer cell lines and induces tumor apoptosis and reduces tumor growth in an MMTV-ErbB2/neu mouse model of breast cancer when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg.{45716}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:29713 - 10 mg

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  • TMI 1 is an inhibitor of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17/TACE; IC50 = 8.4 nM in a cell-free enzyme assay).{45715} It inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), -2, -7, -9, -13, and -14, as well as ADAM-TS-4 in vitro (IC50s = 6.6, 4.7, 26, 12, 3, 26, and 100 nM, respectively). It also inhibits ADAM8, -10, -12, and -17/TACE in cell-free enzyme assays with Ki values of 21, 16, 1.8, and 0.079 nM, respectively, with slow-binding inhibition of ADAM17/TACE but not the other ADAM enzymes.{23492} TMI 1 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in Raw and THP-1 cells (IC50s = 40 and 200 nM, respectively), as well as in isolated human monocytes and whole blood (IC50s = 190 and 300 nM, respectively).{45715} It inhibits the production of TNF-α ex vivo in synovium isolated from the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with IC50 values of less than 100 nM without inhibiting TNF-α expression in vitro. TMI 1 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α production in mice (ED50 = 5 mg/kg) and reduces disease severity in mouse models of collagen-induced arthritis. It also decreases cell viability of (ED50s = 1.3-8.1 µM), and induces caspase-3/7 activity in, a variety of cancer cell lines and induces tumor apoptosis and reduces tumor growth in an MMTV-ErbB2/neu mouse model of breast cancer when administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg.{45716}  

     

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    SKU:29713 - 5 mg

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  • TMI-005 is an inhibitor of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17/TNF-α converting enzyme (ADAM17/TACE), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and MMP-13 (IC50s = 20, 33, and 8.1 nM, respectively).{45590} It inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α release in isolated human whole blood (IC50 = 144 ng/ml).{45591} TMI-005 (25 μM) reduces basal and ionizing radiation-induced secretion of the ADAM17/TACE substrates ALCAM and amphiregulin from A549 and NCI H125 cells.{45592} It inhibits proliferation of A549 cells when used at concentrations of 25 and 50 μM and sensitizes A549 and NCI H125 cells to ionizing radiation at 25 μM. TMI-005 (25 mg/kg twice per day) reduces tumor growth in an A549 mouse xenograft model when administered in combination with ionizing radiation.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:29016 - 1 mg

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  • TMI-005 is an inhibitor of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17/TNF-α converting enzyme (ADAM17/TACE), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and MMP-13 (IC50s = 20, 33, and 8.1 nM, respectively).{45590} It inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α release in isolated human whole blood (IC50 = 144 ng/ml).{45591} TMI-005 (25 μM) reduces basal and ionizing radiation-induced secretion of the ADAM17/TACE substrates ALCAM and amphiregulin from A549 and NCI H125 cells.{45592} It inhibits proliferation of A549 cells when used at concentrations of 25 and 50 μM and sensitizes A549 and NCI H125 cells to ionizing radiation at 25 μM. TMI-005 (25 mg/kg twice per day) reduces tumor growth in an A549 mouse xenograft model when administered in combination with ionizing radiation.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:29016 - 10 mg

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  • TMI-005 is an inhibitor of disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17/TNF-α converting enzyme (ADAM17/TACE), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and MMP-13 (IC50s = 20, 33, and 8.1 nM, respectively).{45590} It inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α release in isolated human whole blood (IC50 = 144 ng/ml).{45591} TMI-005 (25 μM) reduces basal and ionizing radiation-induced secretion of the ADAM17/TACE substrates ALCAM and amphiregulin from A549 and NCI H125 cells.{45592} It inhibits proliferation of A549 cells when used at concentrations of 25 and 50 μM and sensitizes A549 and NCI H125 cells to ionizing radiation at 25 μM. TMI-005 (25 mg/kg twice per day) reduces tumor growth in an A549 mouse xenograft model when administered in combination with ionizing radiation.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:29016 - 5 mg

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  • TMN 355 is an inhibitor of cyclophilin A (IC50 = 1.52 nM).{52619} It inhibits HIV-1 pseudoparticle infection of HEK293/T-17 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 µM.{52620}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:31155 - 10 mg

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  • TMN 355 is an inhibitor of cyclophilin A (IC50 = 1.52 nM).{52619} It inhibits HIV-1 pseudoparticle infection of HEK293/T-17 cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 µM.{52620}  

     

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    SKU:31155 - 5 mg

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  • Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) catalyses the esterification of excess cellular cholesterol with fatty acids and is important for intestinal cholesterol absorption, hepatic lipoprotein secretion, and cholesterol accumulation in vascular tissues. ACAT inhibitors improve plasma lipid profile and ameliorate proteinuria in nephrotic animals.{20948} TMP-153 is a quinolyl derivative that inhibits ACAT with IC50 values of 5-10 nM in various animals.{20942} At 0.5-1.5 mg/kg, TMP-153 dose-dependently reduces plasma total- and low density lipoprotein cholesterol without affecting high density lipoprotein cholesterol in hamsters.{20942} It inhibits cholesterol esterification both in human colonic adenocarcinoma L S180 cells and in human hepatoma HepG2 cells (IC50s = 150 and 330 nM, respectively).{20941} When fed as a dietary supplement (ED50 = 0.81 mg/kg/day), TMP-153 reduces hepatic cholesterogenesis in hamsters fed a stock diet.{20941}  

     

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    SKU:10010516 - 10 mg

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  • Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) catalyses the esterification of excess cellular cholesterol with fatty acids and is important for intestinal cholesterol absorption, hepatic lipoprotein secretion, and cholesterol accumulation in vascular tissues. ACAT inhibitors improve plasma lipid profile and ameliorate proteinuria in nephrotic animals.{20948} TMP-153 is a quinolyl derivative that inhibits ACAT with IC50 values of 5-10 nM in various animals.{20942} At 0.5-1.5 mg/kg, TMP-153 dose-dependently reduces plasma total- and low density lipoprotein cholesterol without affecting high density lipoprotein cholesterol in hamsters.{20942} It inhibits cholesterol esterification both in human colonic adenocarcinoma L S180 cells and in human hepatoma HepG2 cells (IC50s = 150 and 330 nM, respectively).{20941} When fed as a dietary supplement (ED50 = 0.81 mg/kg/day), TMP-153 reduces hepatic cholesterogenesis in hamsters fed a stock diet.{20941}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10010516 - 25 mg

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  • Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) catalyses the esterification of excess cellular cholesterol with fatty acids and is important for intestinal cholesterol absorption, hepatic lipoprotein secretion, and cholesterol accumulation in vascular tissues. ACAT inhibitors improve plasma lipid profile and ameliorate proteinuria in nephrotic animals.{20948} TMP-153 is a quinolyl derivative that inhibits ACAT with IC50 values of 5-10 nM in various animals.{20942} At 0.5-1.5 mg/kg, TMP-153 dose-dependently reduces plasma total- and low density lipoprotein cholesterol without affecting high density lipoprotein cholesterol in hamsters.{20942} It inhibits cholesterol esterification both in human colonic adenocarcinoma L S180 cells and in human hepatoma HepG2 cells (IC50s = 150 and 330 nM, respectively).{20941} When fed as a dietary supplement (ED50 = 0.81 mg/kg/day), TMP-153 reduces hepatic cholesterogenesis in hamsters fed a stock diet.{20941}  

     

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    SKU:10010516 - 5 mg

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  • TMP-195 is an inhibitor of class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs; Kis = 59, 60, 26, and 15 nM for HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, respectively).{28861} It is selective for class IIa HDACs over class I and class IIb HDACs (Kis = 10-43 μM for HDAC1-3, 6, 9, and 10-11). TMP-195 blocks accumulation of chemoattractant chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the supernatant of monocytes stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). It increases secretion of CCL1 by monocytes stimulated with CSF-1 and granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In vivo, TMP-195 reduces tumor burden and the number of pulmonary metastases in a macrophage-dependent autochthonous mouse model of breast cancer.{42136}  

     

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    SKU:23242 - 1 mg

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  • TMP-195 is an inhibitor of class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs; Kis = 59, 60, 26, and 15 nM for HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, respectively).{28861} It is selective for class IIa HDACs over class I and class IIb HDACs (Kis = 10-43 μM for HDAC1-3, 6, 9, and 10-11). TMP-195 blocks accumulation of chemoattractant chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the supernatant of monocytes stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). It increases secretion of CCL1 by monocytes stimulated with CSF-1 and granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In vivo, TMP-195 reduces tumor burden and the number of pulmonary metastases in a macrophage-dependent autochthonous mouse model of breast cancer.{42136}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:23242 - 10 mg

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  • TMP-195 is an inhibitor of class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs; Kis = 59, 60, 26, and 15 nM for HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, respectively).{28861} It is selective for class IIa HDACs over class I and class IIb HDACs (Kis = 10-43 μM for HDAC1-3, 6, 9, and 10-11). TMP-195 blocks accumulation of chemoattractant chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the supernatant of monocytes stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). It increases secretion of CCL1 by monocytes stimulated with CSF-1 and granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In vivo, TMP-195 reduces tumor burden and the number of pulmonary metastases in a macrophage-dependent autochthonous mouse model of breast cancer.{42136}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:23242 - 25 mg

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  • TMP-195 is an inhibitor of class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs; Kis = 59, 60, 26, and 15 nM for HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, respectively).{28861} It is selective for class IIa HDACs over class I and class IIb HDACs (Kis = 10-43 μM for HDAC1-3, 6, 9, and 10-11). TMP-195 blocks accumulation of chemoattractant chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in the supernatant of monocytes stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). It increases secretion of CCL1 by monocytes stimulated with CSF-1 and granulocyte/monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In vivo, TMP-195 reduces tumor burden and the number of pulmonary metastases in a macrophage-dependent autochthonous mouse model of breast cancer.{42136}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:23242 - 5 mg

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  • While class I HDACs are localized predominantly within the nucleus, class II HDACs shuttle into and out of the nucleus in response to intracellular signaling.{26846} Class IIa HDACs, which include HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, commonly act as corepressors and play diverse roles in cell biology.{22864} TMP269 is a cell-permeable inhibitor of class IIa HDACs (IC50s = 126, 80, 36, and 19 nM for HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, respectively).{28861} It contains a metal-binding group, trifluoromethyloxadiazole that confers selectivity for class IIa HDACs.{28861}  

     

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  • While class I HDACs are localized predominantly within the nucleus, class II HDACs shuttle into and out of the nucleus in response to intracellular signaling.{26846} Class IIa HDACs, which include HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, commonly act as corepressors and play diverse roles in cell biology.{22864} TMP269 is a cell-permeable inhibitor of class IIa HDACs (IC50s = 126, 80, 36, and 19 nM for HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, respectively).{28861} It contains a metal-binding group, trifluoromethyloxadiazole that confers selectivity for class IIa HDACs.{28861}  

     

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  • While class I HDACs are localized predominantly within the nucleus, class II HDACs shuttle into and out of the nucleus in response to intracellular signaling.{26846} Class IIa HDACs, which include HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, commonly act as corepressors and play diverse roles in cell biology.{22864} TMP269 is a cell-permeable inhibitor of class IIa HDACs (IC50s = 126, 80, 36, and 19 nM for HDAC4, 5, 7, and 9, respectively).{28861} It contains a metal-binding group, trifluoromethyloxadiazole that confers selectivity for class IIa HDACs.{28861}  

     

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  • TMPD is an easily oxidizable compound that serves as a reducing co-substrate for heme peroxidases.{8584} TMPD undergoes one-electron oxidation by the heme peroxidase higher oxidation states (compounds I and II) producing a highly colored product that absorbs at 611 nm.{8581} Thus, the stoichiometry of oxidation is 2 moles of TMPD oxidized per mole of hydroperoxide reduced by the peroxidase. The extinction coefficient of the oxidized TMPD at 611 nm is 12,200.{8581} TMPD is also used for the detection of peroxidases on polyacrylamide gels.{8585}  

     

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    SKU:70455 - 10 g

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  • TMPD is an easily oxidizable compound that serves as a reducing co-substrate for heme peroxidases.{8584} TMPD undergoes one-electron oxidation by the heme peroxidase higher oxidation states (compounds I and II) producing a highly colored product that absorbs at 611 nm.{8581} Thus, the stoichiometry of oxidation is 2 moles of TMPD oxidized per mole of hydroperoxide reduced by the peroxidase. The extinction coefficient of the oxidized TMPD at 611 nm is 12,200.{8581} TMPD is also used for the detection of peroxidases on polyacrylamide gels.{8585}  

     

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    SKU:70455 - 25 g

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  • TMPD is an easily oxidizable compound that serves as a reducing co-substrate for heme peroxidases.{8584} TMPD undergoes one-electron oxidation by the heme peroxidase higher oxidation states (compounds I and II) producing a highly colored product that absorbs at 611 nm.{8581} Thus, the stoichiometry of oxidation is 2 moles of TMPD oxidized per mole of hydroperoxide reduced by the peroxidase. The extinction coefficient of the oxidized TMPD at 611 nm is 12,200.{8581} TMPD is also used for the detection of peroxidases on polyacrylamide gels.{8585}  

     

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    SKU:70455 - 5 g

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  • TMPD is an easily oxidizable compound that serves as a reducing co-substrate for heme peroxidases.{8584} TMPD undergoes one-electron oxidation by the heme peroxidase higher oxidation states (compounds I and II) producing a highly colored product that absorbs at 611 nm.{8581} Thus, the stoichiometry of oxidation is 2 moles of TMPD oxidized per mole of hydroperoxide reduced by the peroxidase. The extinction coefficient of the oxidized TMPD at 611 nm is 12,200.{8581} TMPD is also used for the detection of peroxidases on polyacrylamide gels.{8585}  

     

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    SKU:70455 - 50 g

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  • TMPyP4 is a cationic porphyrin that intercalates into and stabilizes G-quadruplexes, which are formed by DNA and RNA sequences composed of blocks of guanine residues.{29692} In this way, TMPyP4 inhibits telomerase activity (IC50 ≤ 50 µM), blocking the clonogenic growth and migration of cancer cells in culture and in vivo.{29694,29695,29696} TMPyP4 also inhibits acetylcholinesterase at doses of 0.1 to 1.0 mM.{29693}  

     

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  • TMPyP4 is a cationic porphyrin that intercalates into and stabilizes G-quadruplexes, which are formed by DNA and RNA sequences composed of blocks of guanine residues.{29692} In this way, TMPyP4 inhibits telomerase activity (IC50 ≤ 50 µM), blocking the clonogenic growth and migration of cancer cells in culture and in vivo.{29694,29695,29696} TMPyP4 also inhibits acetylcholinesterase at doses of 0.1 to 1.0 mM.{29693}  

     

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  • TMPyP4 is a cationic porphyrin that intercalates into and stabilizes G-quadruplexes, which are formed by DNA and RNA sequences composed of blocks of guanine residues.{29692} In this way, TMPyP4 inhibits telomerase activity (IC50 ≤ 50 µM), blocking the clonogenic growth and migration of cancer cells in culture and in vivo.{29694,29695,29696} TMPyP4 also inhibits acetylcholinesterase at doses of 0.1 to 1.0 mM.{29693}  

     

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  • TMPyP4 is a cationic porphyrin that intercalates into and stabilizes G-quadruplexes, which are formed by DNA and RNA sequences composed of blocks of guanine residues.{29692} In this way, TMPyP4 inhibits telomerase activity (IC50 ≤ 50 µM), blocking the clonogenic growth and migration of cancer cells in culture and in vivo.{29694,29695,29696} TMPyP4 also inhibits acetylcholinesterase at doses of 0.1 to 1.0 mM.{29693}  

     

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  • CYP1B1 is mainly an extrahepatic enzyme which oxidatively metabolizes both endogenous (steroids; eicosanoids) and exogenous xenobiotics such aspolyaromatic hydrocarbons. TMS is a potent and selective inhibitor of CYP1B1, with an IC50 of 6 nM.{10511} It is 50-fold selective for the inhibition of CYP1B1 versus CYP1A1, making it a useful tool to differentiate between various CYP450 families.{10511} In cultured human colon cancer cells, TMS induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth with an IC50 of 0.8 µg/ml.{10510}  

     

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    SKU:10038 - 1 mg

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  • CYP1B1 is mainly an extrahepatic enzyme which oxidatively metabolizes both endogenous (steroids; eicosanoids) and exogenous xenobiotics such aspolyaromatic hydrocarbons. TMS is a potent and selective inhibitor of CYP1B1, with an IC50 of 6 nM.{10511} It is 50-fold selective for the inhibition of CYP1B1 versus CYP1A1, making it a useful tool to differentiate between various CYP450 families.{10511} In cultured human colon cancer cells, TMS induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth with an IC50 of 0.8 µg/ml.{10510}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10038 - 10 mg

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  • CYP1B1 is mainly an extrahepatic enzyme which oxidatively metabolizes both endogenous (steroids; eicosanoids) and exogenous xenobiotics such aspolyaromatic hydrocarbons. TMS is a potent and selective inhibitor of CYP1B1, with an IC50 of 6 nM.{10511} It is 50-fold selective for the inhibition of CYP1B1 versus CYP1A1, making it a useful tool to differentiate between various CYP450 families.{10511} In cultured human colon cancer cells, TMS induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth with an IC50 of 0.8 µg/ml.{10510}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10038 - 5 mg

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  • CYP1B1 is mainly an extrahepatic enzyme which oxidatively metabolizes both endogenous (steroids; eicosanoids) and exogenous xenobiotics such aspolyaromatic hydrocarbons. TMS is a potent and selective inhibitor of CYP1B1, with an IC50 of 6 nM.{10511} It is 50-fold selective for the inhibition of CYP1B1 versus CYP1A1, making it a useful tool to differentiate between various CYP450 families.{10511} In cultured human colon cancer cells, TMS induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth with an IC50 of 0.8 µg/ml.{10510}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10038 - 50 mg

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  • TN-16 is an inhibitor of microtubule polymerization (IC50 = 0.4-1.7 µM).{33289} It blocks taxol-induced assembly of tubulin (IC50 = 6 µM) and blocks colchicine (Item No. 9000760) binding to tubulin.{33289} Like colchicine, TN-16 inhibits alkylation of tubulin.{33292} TN-16 induces metaphase arrest in renal cell carcinoma cells.{33291} TN-16 can be used in combination with other inhibitors to enhance the efficiency of human artificial chromosome transfer to recipient cells.{33290}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21222 -

    Out of stock

  • TN-16 is an inhibitor of microtubule polymerization (IC50 = 0.4-1.7 µM).{33289} It blocks taxol-induced assembly of tubulin (IC50 = 6 µM) and blocks colchicine (Item No. 9000760) binding to tubulin.{33289} Like colchicine, TN-16 inhibits alkylation of tubulin.{33292} TN-16 induces metaphase arrest in renal cell carcinoma cells.{33291} TN-16 can be used in combination with other inhibitors to enhance the efficiency of human artificial chromosome transfer to recipient cells.{33290}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21222 -

    Out of stock

  • TN-16 is an inhibitor of microtubule polymerization (IC50 = 0.4-1.7 µM).{33289} It blocks taxol-induced assembly of tubulin (IC50 = 6 µM) and blocks colchicine (Item No. 9000760) binding to tubulin.{33289} Like colchicine, TN-16 inhibits alkylation of tubulin.{33292} TN-16 induces metaphase arrest in renal cell carcinoma cells.{33291} TN-16 can be used in combination with other inhibitors to enhance the efficiency of human artificial chromosome transfer to recipient cells.{33290}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21222 -

    Out of stock

  • TNF-α antagonist is an exocyclic peptide that mimics the critical TNF-α recognition loop on TNF receptor I complex and, thus, prevents ligand interaction with the receptor.{28742} By blocking the TNF receptor ligand contact site, this peptide interferes with both activating receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) and TNF-α’s recruitment and activation of osteoclasts.{28741} TNF-α antagonist has been used to block bone resorption in the study of systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bone destruction.{28741}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • TNF-α antagonist is an exocyclic peptide that mimics the critical TNF-α recognition loop on TNF receptor I complex and, thus, prevents ligand interaction with the receptor.{28742} By blocking the TNF receptor ligand contact site, this peptide interferes with both activating receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) and TNF-α’s recruitment and activation of osteoclasts.{28741} TNF-α antagonist has been used to block bone resorption in the study of systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bone destruction.{28741}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • TNF-α antagonist is an exocyclic peptide that mimics the critical TNF-α recognition loop on TNF receptor I complex and, thus, prevents ligand interaction with the receptor.{28742} By blocking the TNF receptor ligand contact site, this peptide interferes with both activating receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) and TNF-α’s recruitment and activation of osteoclasts.{28741} TNF-α antagonist has been used to block bone resorption in the study of systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bone destruction.{28741}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • TNP is a cell-permeable inhibitor of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-kinase 1 (IP6K1; IC50 = 0.55 µM; Ki = 0.24 µM) and IP3K (IC50 = 10.2 µM; Ki = 4.3 µM) that binds to the ATP-binding sites of both enzymes. {38146,38145} TNP reduces IP7 and IP8 levels (IC50s = ~3 and 1 µM, respectively) and inhibits insulin release in MIN6 cells.{38146} It increases intracellular calcium levels in a concentration-dependent manner in HL-60 cells, potentially due to a 2- to 3-fold accumulation of IP3, and induces degranulation in mast cells.{38147}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21189 -

    Out of stock

  • TNP is a cell-permeable inhibitor of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-kinase 1 (IP6K1; IC50 = 0.55 µM; Ki = 0.24 µM) and IP3K (IC50 = 10.2 µM; Ki = 4.3 µM) that binds to the ATP-binding sites of both enzymes. {38146,38145} TNP reduces IP7 and IP8 levels (IC50s = ~3 and 1 µM, respectively) and inhibits insulin release in MIN6 cells.{38146} It increases intracellular calcium levels in a concentration-dependent manner in HL-60 cells, potentially due to a 2- to 3-fold accumulation of IP3, and induces degranulation in mast cells.{38147}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21189 -

    Out of stock

  • TNP is a cell-permeable inhibitor of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-kinase 1 (IP6K1; IC50 = 0.55 µM; Ki = 0.24 µM) and IP3K (IC50 = 10.2 µM; Ki = 4.3 µM) that binds to the ATP-binding sites of both enzymes. {38146,38145} TNP reduces IP7 and IP8 levels (IC50s = ~3 and 1 µM, respectively) and inhibits insulin release in MIN6 cells.{38146} It increases intracellular calcium levels in a concentration-dependent manner in HL-60 cells, potentially due to a 2- to 3-fold accumulation of IP3, and induces degranulation in mast cells.{38147}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21189 -

    Out of stock

  • TNP is a cell-permeable inhibitor of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 6-kinase 1 (IP6K1; IC50 = 0.55 µM; Ki = 0.24 µM) and IP3K (IC50 = 10.2 µM; Ki = 4.3 µM) that binds to the ATP-binding sites of both enzymes. {38146,38145} TNP reduces IP7 and IP8 levels (IC50s = ~3 and 1 µM, respectively) and inhibits insulin release in MIN6 cells.{38146} It increases intracellular calcium levels in a concentration-dependent manner in HL-60 cells, potentially due to a 2- to 3-fold accumulation of IP3, and induces degranulation in mast cells.{38147}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21189 -

    Out of stock

  • TNP-470 is a synthetic analog of fumagillin (Item No. 11332) that inhibits angiogenesis. It irreversibly inactivates methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2; IC50 = 2 µM), blocking endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo.{26940,26939,13713} It is without effect on MetAP1.{26940} TNP-470 has therapeutic potential in cancer and microsporidiosis.{13713,26938}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • TNP-470 is a synthetic analog of fumagillin (Item No. 11332) that inhibits angiogenesis. It irreversibly inactivates methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2; IC50 = 2 µM), blocking endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo.{26940,26939,13713} It is without effect on MetAP1.{26940} TNP-470 has therapeutic potential in cancer and microsporidiosis.{13713,26938}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • TNP-470 is a synthetic analog of fumagillin (Item No. 11332) that inhibits angiogenesis. It irreversibly inactivates methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP2; IC50 = 2 µM), blocking endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo.{26940,26939,13713} It is without effect on MetAP1.{26940} TNP-470 has therapeutic potential in cancer and microsporidiosis.{13713,26938}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that shows potent activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria.{22658} Particularly when used in combination with quorum sensing inhibitors, it is effective against bacteria like Pseudomonas, which form biofilms during infection.{20838} Tobramycin is commonly delivered by inhalation and has applications in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis.{23114,23113}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that shows potent activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria.{22658} Particularly when used in combination with quorum sensing inhibitors, it is effective against bacteria like Pseudomonas, which form biofilms during infection.{20838} Tobramycin is commonly delivered by inhalation and has applications in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis.{23114,23113}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that shows potent activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria.{22658} Particularly when used in combination with quorum sensing inhibitors, it is effective against bacteria like Pseudomonas, which form biofilms during infection.{20838} Tobramycin is commonly delivered by inhalation and has applications in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis.{23114,23113}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Toceranib is a small molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is structurally related to sunitinib (Item No. 13159).{17826} It potently inhibits signaling through VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, and Kit.{17826} Moveover, toceranib blocks the autophosphorylation of both wild type and mutant forms of Kit in response to stem cell factor, resulting in cell death.{17826} It is active in vivo and is commonly used against solid tumors in dogs.{28879,28880}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Toceranib is a small molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is structurally related to sunitinib (Item No. 13159).{17826} It potently inhibits signaling through VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, and Kit.{17826} Moveover, toceranib blocks the autophosphorylation of both wild type and mutant forms of Kit in response to stem cell factor, resulting in cell death.{17826} It is active in vivo and is commonly used against solid tumors in dogs.{28879,28880}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Toceranib is a small molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is structurally related to sunitinib (Item No. 13159).{17826} It potently inhibits signaling through VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, and Kit.{17826} Moveover, toceranib blocks the autophosphorylation of both wild type and mutant forms of Kit in response to stem cell factor, resulting in cell death.{17826} It is active in vivo and is commonly used against solid tumors in dogs.{28879,28880}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Toceranib is a small molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is structurally related to sunitinib (Item No. 13159).{17826} It potently inhibits signaling through VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, and Kit.{17826} Moveover, toceranib blocks the autophosphorylation of both wild type and mutant forms of Kit in response to stem cell factor, resulting in cell death.{17826} It is active in vivo and is commonly used against solid tumors in dogs.{28879,28880}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Todralazine (hydrochloride) is a β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist with peripheral vasodilator activity.{33946,33945} Administration of todralazine (5 µM) to pre-larval zebrafish led to hematopoietic cell expansion and protection from ionizing radiation.{33945} It inhibited histone acetylation in vitro and, long-term (4 months), but not short-term (1 month), treatment in mice (3 mg/day) impaired hepatocyte histone acetylation and liver regeneration.{33947}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20893 -

    Out of stock

  • Todralazine (hydrochloride) is a β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist with peripheral vasodilator activity.{33946,33945} Administration of todralazine (5 µM) to pre-larval zebrafish led to hematopoietic cell expansion and protection from ionizing radiation.{33945} It inhibited histone acetylation in vitro and, long-term (4 months), but not short-term (1 month), treatment in mice (3 mg/day) impaired hepatocyte histone acetylation and liver regeneration.{33947}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20893 -

    Out of stock

  • Todralazine (hydrochloride) is a β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist with peripheral vasodilator activity.{33946,33945} Administration of todralazine (5 µM) to pre-larval zebrafish led to hematopoietic cell expansion and protection from ionizing radiation.{33945} It inhibited histone acetylation in vitro and, long-term (4 months), but not short-term (1 month), treatment in mice (3 mg/day) impaired hepatocyte histone acetylation and liver regeneration.{33947}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20893 -

    Out of stock

  • Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) by the irreversible inhibitor cerulenin leads to cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human cancer cell lines.{11992} TOFA is an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis blocking the synthesis of malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).{7659} Both cerulenin (at about 10 µg/ml) and TOFA (at about 1 µg/ml) are effective at blocking the incorporation of radiolabeled acetate into palmitate. However, TOFA reduces malonyl-CoA levels rather than elevating them, and TOFA is relatively non-toxic to various cancer cell lines. TOFA also attenuates the inhibition of feeding observed when FASN inhibitors such as cerulenin and C75 are administered to obese ob/ob mice.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10005263 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) by the irreversible inhibitor cerulenin leads to cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human cancer cell lines.{11992} TOFA is an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis blocking the synthesis of malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).{7659} Both cerulenin (at about 10 µg/ml) and TOFA (at about 1 µg/ml) are effective at blocking the incorporation of radiolabeled acetate into palmitate. However, TOFA reduces malonyl-CoA levels rather than elevating them, and TOFA is relatively non-toxic to various cancer cell lines. TOFA also attenuates the inhibition of feeding observed when FASN inhibitors such as cerulenin and C75 are administered to obese ob/ob mice.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10005263 - 100 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) by the irreversible inhibitor cerulenin leads to cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human cancer cell lines.{11992} TOFA is an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis blocking the synthesis of malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).{7659} Both cerulenin (at about 10 µg/ml) and TOFA (at about 1 µg/ml) are effective at blocking the incorporation of radiolabeled acetate into palmitate. However, TOFA reduces malonyl-CoA levels rather than elevating them, and TOFA is relatively non-toxic to various cancer cell lines. TOFA also attenuates the inhibition of feeding observed when FASN inhibitors such as cerulenin and C75 are administered to obese ob/ob mice.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10005263 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) by the irreversible inhibitor cerulenin leads to cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human cancer cell lines.{11992} TOFA is an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis blocking the synthesis of malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).{7659} Both cerulenin (at about 10 µg/ml) and TOFA (at about 1 µg/ml) are effective at blocking the incorporation of radiolabeled acetate into palmitate. However, TOFA reduces malonyl-CoA levels rather than elevating them, and TOFA is relatively non-toxic to various cancer cell lines. TOFA also attenuates the inhibition of feeding observed when FASN inhibitors such as cerulenin and C75 are administered to obese ob/ob mice.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10005263 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tofisopam (Item No. 22026) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a benzodiazepine.{39140} This product is intended for research and forensic applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22026 -

    Out of stock

  • Tofisopam (Item No. 22026) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a benzodiazepine.{39140} This product is intended for research and forensic applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22026 -

    Out of stock

  • Tofogliflozin is a potent inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) with Ki values of 2.9, 14.9, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2, respectively.{38569} It is selective for SGLT2 (IC50 = 2.9 nM) over other SGLTs (IC50s = >1,500 nM for SGLT1 and 3-6). Tofogliflozin (3-10 mg/kg) reduces plasma glucose concentrations and increases renal glucose clearance in Zucker diabetic fatty rats in a dose-dependent manner. It also reduces hyperglycemia in non-fasted db/db mice and decreases postprandial hyperglycemia in GK rats, a non-obese model of type 2 diabetes with glucose intolerance.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23509 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tofogliflozin is a potent inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) with Ki values of 2.9, 14.9, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2, respectively.{38569} It is selective for SGLT2 (IC50 = 2.9 nM) over other SGLTs (IC50s = >1,500 nM for SGLT1 and 3-6). Tofogliflozin (3-10 mg/kg) reduces plasma glucose concentrations and increases renal glucose clearance in Zucker diabetic fatty rats in a dose-dependent manner. It also reduces hyperglycemia in non-fasted db/db mice and decreases postprandial hyperglycemia in GK rats, a non-obese model of type 2 diabetes with glucose intolerance.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23509 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tofogliflozin is a potent inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) with Ki values of 2.9, 14.9, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2, respectively.{38569} It is selective for SGLT2 (IC50 = 2.9 nM) over other SGLTs (IC50s = >1,500 nM for SGLT1 and 3-6). Tofogliflozin (3-10 mg/kg) reduces plasma glucose concentrations and increases renal glucose clearance in Zucker diabetic fatty rats in a dose-dependent manner. It also reduces hyperglycemia in non-fasted db/db mice and decreases postprandial hyperglycemia in GK rats, a non-obese model of type 2 diabetes with glucose intolerance.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23509 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tofogliflozin is a potent inhibitor of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) with Ki values of 2.9, 14.9, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2, respectively.{38569} It is selective for SGLT2 (IC50 = 2.9 nM) over other SGLTs (IC50s = >1,500 nM for SGLT1 and 3-6). Tofogliflozin (3-10 mg/kg) reduces plasma glucose concentrations and increases renal glucose clearance in Zucker diabetic fatty rats in a dose-dependent manner. It also reduces hyperglycemia in non-fasted db/db mice and decreases postprandial hyperglycemia in GK rats, a non-obese model of type 2 diabetes with glucose intolerance.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23509 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolazamide is a first generation sulfonylurea that inhibits sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (KIR6.2; IC50 = 4.2 µM in HEK293 cells transfected with the human receptor).{36318} It has no effect on glucose uptake in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells when used at a concentration of 0.6 mg/mL but enhances glucose uptake two-fold when used in combination with insulin.{40738} In vivo, tolazamide (128 mg/kg) reduces glomerulosclerosis and albumin excretion in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104).{40739} Formulations containing tolazamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23545 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolazamide is a first generation sulfonylurea that inhibits sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (KIR6.2; IC50 = 4.2 µM in HEK293 cells transfected with the human receptor).{36318} It has no effect on glucose uptake in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells when used at a concentration of 0.6 mg/mL but enhances glucose uptake two-fold when used in combination with insulin.{40738} In vivo, tolazamide (128 mg/kg) reduces glomerulosclerosis and albumin excretion in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104).{40739} Formulations containing tolazamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23545 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolazamide is a first generation sulfonylurea that inhibits sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (KIR6.2; IC50 = 4.2 µM in HEK293 cells transfected with the human receptor).{36318} It has no effect on glucose uptake in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells when used at a concentration of 0.6 mg/mL but enhances glucose uptake two-fold when used in combination with insulin.{40738} In vivo, tolazamide (128 mg/kg) reduces glomerulosclerosis and albumin excretion in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104).{40739} Formulations containing tolazamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23545 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolazamide is a first generation sulfonylurea that inhibits sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to the inwardly rectifying potassium channel (KIR6.2; IC50 = 4.2 µM in HEK293 cells transfected with the human receptor).{36318} It has no effect on glucose uptake in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells when used at a concentration of 0.6 mg/mL but enhances glucose uptake two-fold when used in combination with insulin.{40738} In vivo, tolazamide (128 mg/kg) reduces glomerulosclerosis and albumin excretion in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104).{40739} Formulations containing tolazamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23545 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolazoline is a competitive α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist (pKis ~6.5) well-known for its peripheral vasodilator effects in animal models.{30609,30610} It also is reported to produce histamine-like effects that are sensitive to histamine H2-receptor antagonism in whole animals and a variety of isolated tissues.{30608} Certain α2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, including tolazoline, are most commonly used in veterinary medicine as reversal agents for the sedative effects of α2-adrenergic receptor agonists such as xylazine (Item No. 14113).{30610}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Tolazoline is a competitive α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist (pKis ~6.5) well-known for its peripheral vasodilator effects in animal models.{30609,30610} It also is reported to produce histamine-like effects that are sensitive to histamine H2-receptor antagonism in whole animals and a variety of isolated tissues.{30608} Certain α2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, including tolazoline, are most commonly used in veterinary medicine as reversal agents for the sedative effects of α2-adrenergic receptor agonists such as xylazine (Item No. 14113).{30610}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Tolazoline is a competitive α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist (pKis ~6.5) well-known for its peripheral vasodilator effects in animal models.{30609,30610} It also is reported to produce histamine-like effects that are sensitive to histamine H2-receptor antagonism in whole animals and a variety of isolated tissues.{30608} Certain α2-adrenergic receptor antagonists, including tolazoline, are most commonly used in veterinary medicine as reversal agents for the sedative effects of α2-adrenergic receptor agonists such as xylazine (Item No. 14113).{30610}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Tolbutamide is an inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2 (IC50 = 4.9 µM).{34125} It is selective for SUR1/Kir6.2 over SUR2A/Kir6.2 and SUR2B/Kir6.2 channels (IC50s = 85 and 88 µM, respectively). Tolbutamide increases glucose-induced insulin secretion and calcium influx in isolated mouse pancreatic islets.{54189} In vivo, tolbutamide (80 mg/kg) reduces blood glucose levels in a mouse model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{54190} Formulations containing tolbutamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19888 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolbutamide is an inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2 (IC50 = 4.9 µM).{34125} It is selective for SUR1/Kir6.2 over SUR2A/Kir6.2 and SUR2B/Kir6.2 channels (IC50s = 85 and 88 µM, respectively). Tolbutamide increases glucose-induced insulin secretion and calcium influx in isolated mouse pancreatic islets.{54189} In vivo, tolbutamide (80 mg/kg) reduces blood glucose levels in a mouse model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{54190} Formulations containing tolbutamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19888 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolbutamide is an inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2 (IC50 = 4.9 µM).{34125} It is selective for SUR1/Kir6.2 over SUR2A/Kir6.2 and SUR2B/Kir6.2 channels (IC50s = 85 and 88 µM, respectively). Tolbutamide increases glucose-induced insulin secretion and calcium influx in isolated mouse pancreatic islets.{54189} In vivo, tolbutamide (80 mg/kg) reduces blood glucose levels in a mouse model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{54190} Formulations containing tolbutamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19888 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolbutamide is an inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2 (IC50 = 4.9 µM).{34125} It is selective for SUR1/Kir6.2 over SUR2A/Kir6.2 and SUR2B/Kir6.2 channels (IC50s = 85 and 88 µM, respectively). Tolbutamide increases glucose-induced insulin secretion and calcium influx in isolated mouse pancreatic islets.{54189} In vivo, tolbutamide (80 mg/kg) reduces blood glucose levels in a mouse model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{54190} Formulations containing tolbutamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19888 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolbutamide-d9 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolbutamide (Item No. 19888) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolbutamide is an inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2 (IC50 = 4.9 µM).{34125} It is selective for SUR1/Kir6.2 over SUR2A/Kir6.2 and SUR2B/Kir6.2 channels (IC50s = 85 and 88 µM, respectively). Tolbutamide increases glucose-induced insulin secretion and calcium influx in isolated mouse pancreatic islets.{54189} In vivo, tolbutamide (80 mg/kg) reduces blood glucose levels in a mouse model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{54190} Formulations containing tolbutamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:30738 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolbutamide-d9 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolbutamide (Item No. 19888) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolbutamide is an inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2 (IC50 = 4.9 µM).{34125} It is selective for SUR1/Kir6.2 over SUR2A/Kir6.2 and SUR2B/Kir6.2 channels (IC50s = 85 and 88 µM, respectively). Tolbutamide increases glucose-induced insulin secretion and calcium influx in isolated mouse pancreatic islets.{54189} In vivo, tolbutamide (80 mg/kg) reduces blood glucose levels in a mouse model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{54190} Formulations containing tolbutamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:30738 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolbutamide-d9 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolbutamide (Item No. 19888) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolbutamide is an inhibitor of sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) linked to ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kir6.2 (IC50 = 4.9 µM).{34125} It is selective for SUR1/Kir6.2 over SUR2A/Kir6.2 and SUR2B/Kir6.2 channels (IC50s = 85 and 88 µM, respectively). Tolbutamide increases glucose-induced insulin secretion and calcium influx in isolated mouse pancreatic islets.{54189} In vivo, tolbutamide (80 mg/kg) reduces blood glucose levels in a mouse model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{54190} Formulations containing tolbutamide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:30738 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolcapone is a reversible inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; Ki = 0.27 nM for human recombinant COMT), an enzyme that degrades catecholamines, including dopamine and L-DOPA (Item No. 13248).{42962,22704} Tolcapone crosses the blood brain barrier and can inhibit both peripheral and central COMT activity.{32113,22703} By inhibiting COMT, tolcapone increases L-DOPA efficacy and reduces L-DOPA-induced motor complications in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.{32113}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20768 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolcapone is a reversible inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; Ki = 0.27 nM for human recombinant COMT), an enzyme that degrades catecholamines, including dopamine and L-DOPA (Item No. 13248).{42962,22704} Tolcapone crosses the blood brain barrier and can inhibit both peripheral and central COMT activity.{32113,22703} By inhibiting COMT, tolcapone increases L-DOPA efficacy and reduces L-DOPA-induced motor complications in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.{32113}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20768 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolcapone is a reversible inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; Ki = 0.27 nM for human recombinant COMT), an enzyme that degrades catecholamines, including dopamine and L-DOPA (Item No. 13248).{42962,22704} Tolcapone crosses the blood brain barrier and can inhibit both peripheral and central COMT activity.{32113,22703} By inhibiting COMT, tolcapone increases L-DOPA efficacy and reduces L-DOPA-induced motor complications in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.{32113}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20768 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolcapone is a reversible inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; Ki = 0.27 nM for human recombinant COMT), an enzyme that degrades catecholamines, including dopamine and L-DOPA (Item No. 13248).{42962,22704} Tolcapone crosses the blood brain barrier and can inhibit both peripheral and central COMT activity.{32113,22703} By inhibiting COMT, tolcapone increases L-DOPA efficacy and reduces L-DOPA-induced motor complications in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.{32113}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20768 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolcapone-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolcapone (Item No. 20768) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolcapone is a reversible inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; Ki = 0.27 nM for human recombinant COMT), an enzyme that degrades catecholamines, including dopamine (Item No. 21992) and L-DOPA (Item No. 13248).{42962,22704} Tolcapone crosses the blood brain barrier and can inhibit both peripheral and central COMT activity.{32113,22703} By inhibiting COMT, tolcapone increases L-DOPA efficacy and reduces L-DOPA-induced motor complications in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.{32113}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28697 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolfenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anticancer activity.{52184,1819,52185,52186,52187} It is selective for COX-2 over COX-1 in canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells (IC50s = 3.53 and >51.2 μg/ml, respectively).{52184} Tolfenamic acid inhibits calcium influx in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) induced by N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP; Item No. 21495) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (Item Nos. 11016 | 22030) in a concentration-dependent manner.{1819} It decreases protein levels of the transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in PANC-1 and L3.6pl cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM and inhibits proliferation of PANC-1, L3.6pl, and PANC-28 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.{52186} Tolfenamic acid (50 and 100 μM) decreases the viability of and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.{52187} It reduces tumor growth in an MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Tolfenamic acid (150 μmol/kg) reduces carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice by 24%.{52185}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:70480 - 10 g

    Available on backorder

  • Tolfenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anticancer activity.{52184,1819,52185,52186,52187} It is selective for COX-2 over COX-1 in canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells (IC50s = 3.53 and >51.2 μg/ml, respectively).{52184} Tolfenamic acid inhibits calcium influx in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) induced by N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP; Item No. 21495) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (Item Nos. 11016 | 22030) in a concentration-dependent manner.{1819} It decreases protein levels of the transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in PANC-1 and L3.6pl cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM and inhibits proliferation of PANC-1, L3.6pl, and PANC-28 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.{52186} Tolfenamic acid (50 and 100 μM) decreases the viability of and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.{52187} It reduces tumor growth in an MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Tolfenamic acid (150 μmol/kg) reduces carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice by 24%.{52185}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:70480 - 25 g

    Available on backorder

  • Tolfenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anticancer activity.{52184,1819,52185,52186,52187} It is selective for COX-2 over COX-1 in canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells (IC50s = 3.53 and >51.2 μg/ml, respectively).{52184} Tolfenamic acid inhibits calcium influx in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) induced by N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP; Item No. 21495) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (Item Nos. 11016 | 22030) in a concentration-dependent manner.{1819} It decreases protein levels of the transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in PANC-1 and L3.6pl cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM and inhibits proliferation of PANC-1, L3.6pl, and PANC-28 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.{52186} Tolfenamic acid (50 and 100 μM) decreases the viability of and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.{52187} It reduces tumor growth in an MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Tolfenamic acid (150 μmol/kg) reduces carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice by 24%.{52185}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:70480 - 5 g

    Available on backorder

  • Tolfenamic acid-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolfenamic acid (Item No. 70480) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolfenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anticancer activity.{52184,1819,52185,52186,52187} It is selective for COX-2 over COX-1 in canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells (IC50s = 3.53 and >51.2 μg/ml, respectively).{52184} Tolfenamic acid inhibits calcium influx in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) induced by N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP; Item No. 21495) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (Item Nos. 11016 | 22030) in a concentration-dependent manner.{1819} It decreases protein levels of the transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in PANC-1 and L3.6pl cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM and inhibits proliferation of PANC-1, L3.6pl, and PANC-28 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.{52186} Tolfenamic acid (50 and 100 μM) decreases the viability of and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.{52187} It reduces tumor growth in an MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Tolfenamic acid (150 μmol/kg) reduces carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice by 24%.{52185}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28700 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolfenamic acid-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolfenamic acid (Item No. 70480) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolfenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anticancer activity.{52184,1819,52185,52186,52187} It is selective for COX-2 over COX-1 in canine DH82 monocyte/macrophage cells (IC50s = 3.53 and >51.2 μg/ml, respectively).{52184} Tolfenamic acid inhibits calcium influx in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) induced by N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP; Item No. 21495) or the calcium ionophore A23187 (Item Nos. 11016 | 22030) in a concentration-dependent manner.{1819} It decreases protein levels of the transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 in PANC-1 and L3.6pl cells when used at a concentration of 50 μM and inhibits proliferation of PANC-1, L3.6pl, and PANC-28 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.{52186} Tolfenamic acid (50 and 100 μM) decreases the viability of and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.{52187} It reduces tumor growth in an MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Tolfenamic acid (150 μmol/kg) reduces carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice by 24%.{52185}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28700 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • A potential treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is to induce immune cell-derived interferon (IFN) production using synthetic agonists of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). TLR7 ligand II is an orally bioavailable 8-hydroxyadenine analog that induces IFN production by binding to TLR7 on immune cells.{28465,28466} It induces IFNα in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an EC50 value of 0.14 µM.{28466} At 10 µM, TLR7 ligand II was shown to reduce HCV levels by 60% in 24 hours in the human hepatocyte cell line Huh7, which carries a HCV replicon.{28467} It induces IFN in mice with a minimal effective dose of approximately 0.03 mg/kg, making it approximately 100-fold more potent than imiquimod (Item No. 14956).{28465}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • A potential treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is to induce immune cell-derived interferon (IFN) production using synthetic agonists of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). TLR7 ligand II is an orally bioavailable 8-hydroxyadenine analog that induces IFN production by binding to TLR7 on immune cells.{28465,28466} It induces IFNα in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an EC50 value of 0.14 µM.{28466} At 10 µM, TLR7 ligand II was shown to reduce HCV levels by 60% in 24 hours in the human hepatocyte cell line Huh7, which carries a HCV replicon.{28467} It induces IFN in mice with a minimal effective dose of approximately 0.03 mg/kg, making it approximately 100-fold more potent than imiquimod (Item No. 14956).{28465}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Tolmetin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that non-selectively inhibits human COX-1 and -2 with IC50 values of 0.35 and 0.82 µM, respectively.{8427} It also inhibits aldo-keto reductases (e.g., IC50 = 2.39 µM for human aldose reductase), a family of enzymes that catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of carbonyl groups in a number of important steroid, metabolic, and prostanoid molecules.{27311,29322}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Tolmetin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that non-selectively inhibits human COX-1 and -2 with IC50 values of 0.35 and 0.82 µM, respectively.{8427} It also inhibits aldo-keto reductases (e.g., IC50 = 2.39 µM for human aldose reductase), a family of enzymes that catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of carbonyl groups in a number of important steroid, metabolic, and prostanoid molecules.{27311,29322}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Tolmetin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that non-selectively inhibits human COX-1 and -2 with IC50 values of 0.35 and 0.82 µM, respectively.{8427} It also inhibits aldo-keto reductases (e.g., IC50 = 2.39 µM for human aldose reductase), a family of enzymes that catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of carbonyl groups in a number of important steroid, metabolic, and prostanoid molecules.{27311,29322}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Tolmetin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that non-selectively inhibits human COX-1 and -2 with IC50 values of 0.35 and 0.82 µM, respectively.{8427} It also inhibits aldo-keto reductases (e.g., IC50 = 2.39 µM for human aldose reductase), a family of enzymes that catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of carbonyl groups in a number of important steroid, metabolic, and prostanoid molecules.{27311,29322}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Available on backorder

  • Tolmetin β-D-glucuronide is a major phase II metabolite of tolmetin (Item No. 18195).{38051} Tolmetin β-D-glucuronide has been classified into a ‘warning’ category in terms of its potential to cause idiosyncratic drug toxicity, based on its half-life in several in vitro systems.{38052}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22161 -

    Out of stock

  • Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate antifungal agent.{53200} It is active against clinical isolates of the dermatophytes T. rubrum, T. mentagraphytes, T. verrucosum, E. floccosum, and M. canis (MIC50s = 50, 100, 6, 50, and 50 ng/ml, respectively), as well as 18 additional yeast and filamentous fungi species (MIC = 0.003-0.8 µg/ml).{17905},{25586} Tolnaftate also reduces aflatoxin production in A. parasiticus in a concentration-dependent manner.{53199} It inhibits squalene epoxidase with an IC50 value of 12.5 µg/ml in a cell-free assay.{53200}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21446 -

    Out of stock

  • Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate antifungal agent.{53200} It is active against clinical isolates of the dermatophytes T. rubrum, T. mentagraphytes, T. verrucosum, E. floccosum, and M. canis (MIC50s = 50, 100, 6, 50, and 50 ng/ml, respectively), as well as 18 additional yeast and filamentous fungi species (MIC = 0.003-0.8 µg/ml).{17905},{25586} Tolnaftate also reduces aflatoxin production in A. parasiticus in a concentration-dependent manner.{53199} It inhibits squalene epoxidase with an IC50 value of 12.5 µg/ml in a cell-free assay.{53200}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21446 -

    Out of stock

  • Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate antifungal agent.{53200} It is active against clinical isolates of the dermatophytes T. rubrum, T. mentagraphytes, T. verrucosum, E. floccosum, and M. canis (MIC50s = 50, 100, 6, 50, and 50 ng/ml, respectively), as well as 18 additional yeast and filamentous fungi species (MIC = 0.003-0.8 µg/ml).{17905},{25586} Tolnaftate also reduces aflatoxin production in A. parasiticus in a concentration-dependent manner.{53199} It inhibits squalene epoxidase with an IC50 value of 12.5 µg/ml in a cell-free assay.{53200}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21446 -

    Out of stock

  • Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate antifungal agent.{53200} It is active against clinical isolates of the dermatophytes T. rubrum, T. mentagraphytes, T. verrucosum, E. floccosum, and M. canis (MIC50s = 50, 100, 6, 50, and 50 ng/ml, respectively), as well as 18 additional yeast and filamentous fungi species (MIC = 0.003-0.8 µg/ml).{17905},{25586} Tolnaftate also reduces aflatoxin production in A. parasiticus in a concentration-dependent manner.{53199} It inhibits squalene epoxidase with an IC50 value of 12.5 µg/ml in a cell-free assay.{53200}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21446 -

    Out of stock

  • Tolnaftate-d7 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolnaftate (Item No. 21446) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate antifungal agent.{53200} It is active against clinical isolates of the dermatophytes T. rubrum, T. mentagraphytes, T. verrucosum, E. floccosum, and M. canis (MIC50s = 50, 100, 6, 50, and 50 ng/ml, respectively), as well as 18 additional yeast and filamentous fungi species (MIC = 0.003-0.8 µg/ml).{17905,25586} Tolnaftate also reduces aflatoxin production in A. parasiticus in a concentration-dependent manner.{53199} It inhibits squalene epoxidase with an IC50 value of 12.5 µg/ml in a cell-free assay.{53200}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29048 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolnaftate-d7 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolnaftate (Item No. 21446) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolnaftate is a thiocarbamate antifungal agent.{53200} It is active against clinical isolates of the dermatophytes T. rubrum, T. mentagraphytes, T. verrucosum, E. floccosum, and M. canis (MIC50s = 50, 100, 6, 50, and 50 ng/ml, respectively), as well as 18 additional yeast and filamentous fungi species (MIC = 0.003-0.8 µg/ml).{17905,25586} Tolnaftate also reduces aflatoxin production in A. parasiticus in a concentration-dependent manner.{53199} It inhibits squalene epoxidase with an IC50 value of 12.5 µg/ml in a cell-free assay.{53200}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29048 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolperisone is a piperidine that acts as an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels with an IC50 value of 198 µM, for inhibition of peak sodium currents evoked by step depolarizations in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, in vitro.{34788} Tolperisone acts as an antispastic agent that attenuates monosynaptic, disynaptic, and polysynaptic reflux response to dorsal root stimulation in vivo. Formulations containing tolperisone are used as analgesics and muscle relaxants.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26078 - 1 g

    Available on backorder

  • Tolperisone is a piperidine that acts as an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels with an IC50 value of 198 µM, for inhibition of peak sodium currents evoked by step depolarizations in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, in vitro.{34788} Tolperisone acts as an antispastic agent that attenuates monosynaptic, disynaptic, and polysynaptic reflux response to dorsal root stimulation in vivo. Formulations containing tolperisone are used as analgesics and muscle relaxants.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26078 - 250 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolperisone is a piperidine that acts as an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels with an IC50 value of 198 µM, for inhibition of peak sodium currents evoked by step depolarizations in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, in vitro.{34788} Tolperisone acts as an antispastic agent that attenuates monosynaptic, disynaptic, and polysynaptic reflux response to dorsal root stimulation in vivo. Formulations containing tolperisone are used as analgesics and muscle relaxants.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26078 - 5 g

    Available on backorder

  • Tolperisone is a piperidine that acts as an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels with an IC50 value of 198 µM, for inhibition of peak sodium currents evoked by step depolarizations in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, in vitro.{34788} Tolperisone acts as an antispastic agent that attenuates monosynaptic, disynaptic, and polysynaptic reflux response to dorsal root stimulation in vivo. Formulations containing tolperisone are used as analgesics and muscle relaxants.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26078 - 500 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolperisone-d10 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolperisone by GC- or LC-MS. Tolperisone is a piperidine that acts as an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels with an IC50 value of 198 µM, for inhibition of peak sodium currents evoked by step depolarizations in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, in vitro.{34788} Tolperisone acts as an antispastic agent that attenuates monosynaptic, disynaptic, and polysynaptic reflux response to dorsal root stimulation in vivo. Formulations containing tolperisone are used as analgesics and muscle relaxants.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22592 -

    Out of stock

  • Tolperisone-d10 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolperisone by GC- or LC-MS. Tolperisone is a piperidine that acts as an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels with an IC50 value of 198 µM, for inhibition of peak sodium currents evoked by step depolarizations in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, in vitro.{34788} Tolperisone acts as an antispastic agent that attenuates monosynaptic, disynaptic, and polysynaptic reflux response to dorsal root stimulation in vivo. Formulations containing tolperisone are used as analgesics and muscle relaxants.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22592 -

    Out of stock

  • Tolrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor (IC50 = 35 nM for the bovine lens enzyme).{46762} Dietary administration of tolrestat decreases sciatic nerve galactitol accumulation in a rat model of galactosemia (ED50 = 7.3 mg/kg per day) and sciatic nerve sorbitol accumulation (ED50 = 4.8 mg/kg per day) in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104). It also decreases urinary total protein exretion in a rat model of STZ-induced diabetes when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day.{46764} Topical administration of tolrestat (2 and 3% in 10 μl four times per day) decreases levels of galactitol in the lens of and inhibits cataract formation in rats fed a high-galactose diet.{46763}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29693 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor (IC50 = 35 nM for the bovine lens enzyme).{46762} Dietary administration of tolrestat decreases sciatic nerve galactitol accumulation in a rat model of galactosemia (ED50 = 7.3 mg/kg per day) and sciatic nerve sorbitol accumulation (ED50 = 4.8 mg/kg per day) in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104). It also decreases urinary total protein exretion in a rat model of STZ-induced diabetes when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day.{46764} Topical administration of tolrestat (2 and 3% in 10 μl four times per day) decreases levels of galactitol in the lens of and inhibits cataract formation in rats fed a high-galactose diet.{46763}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29693 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor (IC50 = 35 nM for the bovine lens enzyme).{46762} Dietary administration of tolrestat decreases sciatic nerve galactitol accumulation in a rat model of galactosemia (ED50 = 7.3 mg/kg per day) and sciatic nerve sorbitol accumulation (ED50 = 4.8 mg/kg per day) in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104). It also decreases urinary total protein exretion in a rat model of STZ-induced diabetes when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day.{46764} Topical administration of tolrestat (2 and 3% in 10 μl four times per day) decreases levels of galactitol in the lens of and inhibits cataract formation in rats fed a high-galactose diet.{46763}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29693 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor (IC50 = 35 nM for the bovine lens enzyme).{46762} Dietary administration of tolrestat decreases sciatic nerve galactitol accumulation in a rat model of galactosemia (ED50 = 7.3 mg/kg per day) and sciatic nerve sorbitol accumulation (ED50 = 4.8 mg/kg per day) in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104). It also decreases urinary total protein exretion in a rat model of STZ-induced diabetes when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day.{46764} Topical administration of tolrestat (2 and 3% in 10 μl four times per day) decreases levels of galactitol in the lens of and inhibits cataract formation in rats fed a high-galactose diet.{46763}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29693 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolterodine (tartrate) is a competitive antagonist of muscarinic (M) receptors (Ki = 1.4, 2.7, 3.6, 3.1, and 2.2 nM for M1 through M5, respectively).{22772} Antagonists of muscarinic receptors, including tolterodine, are effective in treating overactive bladder symptoms.{22773}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Tolterodine (tartrate) is a competitive antagonist of muscarinic (M) receptors (Ki = 1.4, 2.7, 3.6, 3.1, and 2.2 nM for M1 through M5, respectively).{22772} Antagonists of muscarinic receptors, including tolterodine, are effective in treating overactive bladder symptoms.{22773}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Tolterodine (tartrate) is a competitive antagonist of muscarinic (M) receptors (Ki = 1.4, 2.7, 3.6, 3.1, and 2.2 nM for M1 through M5, respectively).{22772} Antagonists of muscarinic receptors, including tolterodine, are effective in treating overactive bladder symptoms.{22773}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Toltrazuril is an antiprotozoal agent that is widely used to prevent coccidia parasite infection in veterinary applications.{32761,32762,32764,32763} The effectiveness of treatment appears to depend on the coccidian species, development stage of the parasite, and level of infection.{32761,32763}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20767 -

    Available on backorder

  • Toltrazuril is an antiprotozoal agent that is widely used to prevent coccidia parasite infection in veterinary applications.{32761,32762,32764,32763} The effectiveness of treatment appears to depend on the coccidian species, development stage of the parasite, and level of infection.{32761,32763}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20767 -

    Available on backorder

  • Toltrazuril is an antiprotozoal agent that is widely used to prevent coccidia parasite infection in veterinary applications.{32761,32762,32764,32763} The effectiveness of treatment appears to depend on the coccidian species, development stage of the parasite, and level of infection.{32761,32763}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20767 -

    Available on backorder

  • Toltrazuril is an antiprotozoal agent that is widely used to prevent coccidia parasite infection in veterinary applications.{32761,32762,32764,32763} The effectiveness of treatment appears to depend on the coccidian species, development stage of the parasite, and level of infection.{32761,32763}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:20767 -

    Available on backorder

  • Toltrazuril sulfone is an active metabolite of the coccidiostat toltrazuril (Item No. 20767).{46798} Toltrazuril sulfone is formed from toltrazuril via the intermediate metabolite toltrazuril sulfoxide by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, including CYP3A. It inhibits T. gondii tachyzoite production in African green monkey kidney cells when used at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 µg/ml.{46799} Toltrazuril sulfone completely prevents infection with T. gondii tachyzoites in a mouse model of fatal toxoplasmosis when administered at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg one day prior to, and daily for 10 days following, infection. It also reduces the number of infected mice in the same model when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 11 days starting six days following infection. Formulations containing toltrazuril sulfone have been used in the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29655 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Toltrazuril sulfone is an active metabolite of the coccidiostat toltrazuril (Item No. 20767).{46798} Toltrazuril sulfone is formed from toltrazuril via the intermediate metabolite toltrazuril sulfoxide by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, including CYP3A. It inhibits T. gondii tachyzoite production in African green monkey kidney cells when used at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 µg/ml.{46799} Toltrazuril sulfone completely prevents infection with T. gondii tachyzoites in a mouse model of fatal toxoplasmosis when administered at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg one day prior to, and daily for 10 days following, infection. It also reduces the number of infected mice in the same model when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 11 days starting six days following infection. Formulations containing toltrazuril sulfone have been used in the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29655 - 100 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Toltrazuril sulfone is an active metabolite of the coccidiostat toltrazuril (Item No. 20767).{46798} Toltrazuril sulfone is formed from toltrazuril via the intermediate metabolite toltrazuril sulfoxide by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, including CYP3A. It inhibits T. gondii tachyzoite production in African green monkey kidney cells when used at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 µg/ml.{46799} Toltrazuril sulfone completely prevents infection with T. gondii tachyzoites in a mouse model of fatal toxoplasmosis when administered at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg one day prior to, and daily for 10 days following, infection. It also reduces the number of infected mice in the same model when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 11 days starting six days following infection. Formulations containing toltrazuril sulfone have been used in the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29655 - 250 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Toltrazuril sulfone is an active metabolite of the coccidiostat toltrazuril (Item No. 20767).{46798} Toltrazuril sulfone is formed from toltrazuril via the intermediate metabolite toltrazuril sulfoxide by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, including CYP3A. It inhibits T. gondii tachyzoite production in African green monkey kidney cells when used at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 µg/ml.{46799} Toltrazuril sulfone completely prevents infection with T. gondii tachyzoites in a mouse model of fatal toxoplasmosis when administered at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg one day prior to, and daily for 10 days following, infection. It also reduces the number of infected mice in the same model when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 11 days starting six days following infection. Formulations containing toltrazuril sulfone have been used in the treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29655 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolvaptan is a nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (IC50 = 3 nM for rat receptor) and a diuretic agent.{31703} It is selective for V2 over V1 receptors (IC50 = 0.58 μM). Tolvaptan increases urine volume by 3-fold in rats when administered at a dose of 0.54 mg/kg. It also reduces left ventricular end-systolic volumes and improves left ventricular ejection fraction in a rat model of myocardial infarction.{43556} Formulations containing tolvaptan have been used to treat hyponatremia.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19691 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolvaptan (Item No. 26301) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a diuretic.{31703} Formulations containing diuretics have been abused as performance-enhancing drugs and masking agents in sports doping.{33139,49040} This product is intended for use in analytical forensic applications. This product is also available as a general research tool (Item No. 19691).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26301 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolvaptan is a nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (IC50 = 3 nM for rat receptor) and a diuretic agent.{31703} It is selective for V2 over V1 receptors (IC50 = 0.58 μM). Tolvaptan increases urine volume by 3-fold in rats when administered at a dose of 0.54 mg/kg. It also reduces left ventricular end-systolic volumes and improves left ventricular ejection fraction in a rat model of myocardial infarction.{43556} Formulations containing tolvaptan have been used to treat hyponatremia.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19691 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolvaptan is a nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (IC50 = 3 nM for rat receptor) and a diuretic agent.{31703} It is selective for V2 over V1 receptors (IC50 = 0.58 μM). Tolvaptan increases urine volume by 3-fold in rats when administered at a dose of 0.54 mg/kg. It also reduces left ventricular end-systolic volumes and improves left ventricular ejection fraction in a rat model of myocardial infarction.{43556} Formulations containing tolvaptan have been used to treat hyponatremia.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19691 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolvaptan is a nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (IC50 = 3 nM for rat receptor) and a diuretic agent.{31703} It is selective for V2 over V1 receptors (IC50 = 0.58 μM). Tolvaptan increases urine volume by 3-fold in rats when administered at a dose of 0.54 mg/kg. It also reduces left ventricular end-systolic volumes and improves left ventricular ejection fraction in a rat model of myocardial infarction.{43556} Formulations containing tolvaptan have been used to treat hyponatremia.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19691 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tolvaptan (Item No. 26301) is an analytical reference standard categorized as a diuretic.{31703} Formulations containing diuretics have been abused as performance-enhancing drugs and masking agents in sports doping.{33139,49040} This product is intended for use in analytical forensic applications. This product is also available as a general research tool (Item No. 19691).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26301 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolvaptan-d7 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolvaptan (Item No. 19691) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolvaptan is a nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (IC50 = 3 nM for rat receptor) and a diuretic agent.{31703} It is selective for V2 over V1 receptors (IC50 = 0.58 μM). Tolvaptan increases urine volume by 3-fold in rats when administered at a dose of 0.54 mg/kg. It also reduces left ventricular end-systolic volumes and improves left ventricular ejection fraction in a rat model of myocardial infarction.{43556} Formulations containing tolvaptan have been used to treat hyponatremia.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26453 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolvaptan-d7 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolvaptan (Item No. 19691) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolvaptan is a nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (IC50 = 3 nM for rat receptor) and a diuretic agent.{31703} It is selective for V2 over V1 receptors (IC50 = 0.58 μM). Tolvaptan increases urine volume by 3-fold in rats when administered at a dose of 0.54 mg/kg. It also reduces left ventricular end-systolic volumes and improves left ventricular ejection fraction in a rat model of myocardial infarction.{43556} Formulations containing tolvaptan have been used to treat hyponatremia.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26453 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Tolvaptan-d7 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tolvaptan (Item No. 19691) by GC- or LC-MS. Tolvaptan is a nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist (IC50 = 3 nM for rat receptor) and a diuretic agent.{31703} It is selective for V2 over V1 receptors (IC50 = 0.58 μM). Tolvaptan increases urine volume by 3-fold in rats when administered at a dose of 0.54 mg/kg. It also reduces left ventricular end-systolic volumes and improves left ventricular ejection fraction in a rat model of myocardial infarction.{43556} Formulations containing tolvaptan have been used to treat hyponatremia.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26453 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Tomatidine is a steroidal alkaloid that has been found in the skins and leaves of tomatoes.{27622} It suppresses NF-κB signaling in LPS-stimulated macrophages, blocking induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2. Tomatidine inhibits acid sphingomyelinase activity by 84.2% when used at a concentration of 10 mM.{26583} It also has antibacterial properties, preferentially blocking the replication of S. aureus variants that are pathogenic in cystic fibrosis over normal strains (MICs = 0.12 and >16 µg/ml, respectively).{27624} It prevents skeletal muscle atrophy associated with fasting or spinal cord injury in mice.{27625} Tomatidine has also been used as a negative control for cyclopamine (Item No. 11321) in studies involving signaling mediated by the hedgehog pathway.{27623}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Tomatidine is a steroidal alkaloid that has been found in the skins and leaves of tomatoes.{27622} It suppresses NF-κB signaling in LPS-stimulated macrophages, blocking induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2. Tomatidine inhibits acid sphingomyelinase activity by 84.2% when used at a concentration of 10 mM.{26583} It also has antibacterial properties, preferentially blocking the replication of S. aureus variants that are pathogenic in cystic fibrosis over normal strains (MICs = 0.12 and >16 µg/ml, respectively).{27624} It prevents skeletal muscle atrophy associated with fasting or spinal cord injury in mice.{27625} Tomatidine has also been used as a negative control for cyclopamine (Item No. 11321) in studies involving signaling mediated by the hedgehog pathway.{27623}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Tomatidine is a steroidal alkaloid that has been found in the skins and leaves of tomatoes.{27622} It suppresses NF-κB signaling in LPS-stimulated macrophages, blocking induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2. Tomatidine inhibits acid sphingomyelinase activity by 84.2% when used at a concentration of 10 mM.{26583} It also has antibacterial properties, preferentially blocking the replication of S. aureus variants that are pathogenic in cystic fibrosis over normal strains (MICs = 0.12 and >16 µg/ml, respectively).{27624} It prevents skeletal muscle atrophy associated with fasting or spinal cord injury in mice.{27625} Tomatidine has also been used as a negative control for cyclopamine (Item No. 11321) in studies involving signaling mediated by the hedgehog pathway.{27623}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Tomatidine is a steroidal alkaloid that has been found in the skins and leaves of tomatoes.{27622} It suppresses NF-κB signaling in LPS-stimulated macrophages, blocking induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2. Tomatidine inhibits acid sphingomyelinase activity by 84.2% when used at a concentration of 10 mM.{26583} It also has antibacterial properties, preferentially blocking the replication of S. aureus variants that are pathogenic in cystic fibrosis over normal strains (MICs = 0.12 and >16 µg/ml, respectively).{27624} It prevents skeletal muscle atrophy associated with fasting or spinal cord injury in mice.{27625} Tomatidine has also been used as a negative control for cyclopamine (Item No. 11321) in studies involving signaling mediated by the hedgehog pathway.{27623}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Tonabersat is an anti-migraine agent.{40037,40034} It binds to connexin43 hemichannels and inhibits ATP release in vitro during injury and reperfusion in a dose-dependent manner.{40033} This inhibition blocks trigeminal ganglion neuronal-satellite glial cell signaling and cortical spreading depression, a trigger of migraine pain.{40033,40034,40035} In vivo, tonabersat (10 mg/kg) increases the seizure threshold in maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) mice and rats (143 and 1192%, respectively) and completely blocks neurogenic plasma extravasation, a marker of migraine pain, in a rat trigeminal nerve migraine model.{40036} Formulations containing tonabersat are in clinical trials for acute treatment of migraine.{40037}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19796 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tonabersat is an anti-migraine agent.{40037,40034} It binds to connexin43 hemichannels and inhibits ATP release in vitro during injury and reperfusion in a dose-dependent manner.{40033} This inhibition blocks trigeminal ganglion neuronal-satellite glial cell signaling and cortical spreading depression, a trigger of migraine pain.{40033,40034,40035} In vivo, tonabersat (10 mg/kg) increases the seizure threshold in maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) mice and rats (143 and 1192%, respectively) and completely blocks neurogenic plasma extravasation, a marker of migraine pain, in a rat trigeminal nerve migraine model.{40036} Formulations containing tonabersat are in clinical trials for acute treatment of migraine.{40037}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19796 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tonabersat is an anti-migraine agent.{40037,40034} It binds to connexin43 hemichannels and inhibits ATP release in vitro during injury and reperfusion in a dose-dependent manner.{40033} This inhibition blocks trigeminal ganglion neuronal-satellite glial cell signaling and cortical spreading depression, a trigger of migraine pain.{40033,40034,40035} In vivo, tonabersat (10 mg/kg) increases the seizure threshold in maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) mice and rats (143 and 1192%, respectively) and completely blocks neurogenic plasma extravasation, a marker of migraine pain, in a rat trigeminal nerve migraine model.{40036} Formulations containing tonabersat are in clinical trials for acute treatment of migraine.{40037}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19796 -

    Available on backorder

  • Tonabersat is an anti-migraine agent.{40037,40034} It binds to connexin43 hemichannels and inhibits ATP release in vitro during injury and reperfusion in a dose-dependent manner.{40033} This inhibition blocks trigeminal ganglion neuronal-satellite glial cell signaling and cortical spreading depression, a trigger of migraine pain.{40033,40034,40035} In vivo, tonabersat (10 mg/kg) increases the seizure threshold in maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) mice and rats (143 and 1192%, respectively) and completely blocks neurogenic plasma extravasation, a marker of migraine pain, in a rat trigeminal nerve migraine model.{40036} Formulations containing tonabersat are in clinical trials for acute treatment of migraine.{40037}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:19796 -

    Available on backorder

  • Topiramate is a sugar sulfamate with anticonvulsant activity.{18290} It inhibits carbonic anhydrase in intact human erythrocytes (Ki = ~200 μM), as well as blocks sodium and calcium channels and kainate-induced currents in vitro.{18290,32575,48075} It also increases GABAA receptor-mediated chloride ion flux.{48075} Topiramate inhibits hind-limb tonic-extensor seizures in the maximal electroshock seizure test in mice (ED50 = 39 mg/kg, p.o.).{18290} Formulations containing topiramate have been used in the treatment of epilepsy and prophylaxis of migraine headaches.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-