Chemicals

Showing 33001–33150 of 41137 results

  • Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is the major eicosanoid product of mast cells and is produced in large quantities by hematopoietic PGD synthase during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis.{416} It causes vasodilation, flushing, hypotension, and is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation.{416,580} Prostaglandin D2 methyl ester (PGD2 methyl ester) is a more lipid-soluble, cell-permeable prodrug form of PGD2.{14117} It binds to the human and mouse PGD2 receptors (DP1 and CRTH2/DP2) with 5-10 fold lower affinity than PGD2.{11494}  

     

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    SKU:10008385 - 1 mg

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  • Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is the major eicosanoid product of mast cells and is produced in large quantities by hematopoietic PGD synthase during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis.{416} It causes vasodilation, flushing, hypotension, and is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation.{416,580} Prostaglandin D2 methyl ester (PGD2 methyl ester) is a more lipid-soluble, cell-permeable prodrug form of PGD2.{14117} It binds to the human and mouse PGD2 receptors (DP1 and CRTH2/DP2) with 5-10 fold lower affinity than PGD2.{11494}  

     

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    SKU:10008385 - 5 mg

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  • Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is the major eicosanoid product of mast cells and is produced in large quantities by hematopoietic PGD synthase during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis.{416} It causes vasodilation, flushing, hypotension, and is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation.{416,580} Prostaglandin D2 methyl ester (PGD2 methyl ester) is a more lipid-soluble, cell-permeable prodrug form of PGD2.{14117} It binds to the human and mouse PGD2 receptors (DP1 and CRTH2/DP2) with 5-10 fold lower affinity than PGD2.{11494}  

     

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    SKU:10008385 - 500 µg

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  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid (CB) agonist activity at the CB1 receptor,{5306} is an important endogenous monoglyceride species,{6819} and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor. 2-AG can also be sequentially metabolized by COX-2 and specific PG synthases to form PG 2-glyceryl esters.{11045} In activated RAW 264.7 cells, PGD2 2-glyceryl ester is the primary product of 2-AG metabolism in the COX pathway.{11045} PGD2 serinol amide (PGD2-SA) is a stable analog of PGD2 2-glyceryl ester. Unlike PGD2 2-glyceryl ester and other fatty acyl 2-glyceryl esters, PGD2-SA will not isomerize to the less active primary (1-glyceryl) ester. The biological activity of PGD2-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10192 - 1 mg

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  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid (CB) agonist activity at the CB1 receptor,{5306} is an important endogenous monoglyceride species,{6819} and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor. 2-AG can also be sequentially metabolized by COX-2 and specific PG synthases to form PG 2-glyceryl esters.{11045} In activated RAW 264.7 cells, PGD2 2-glyceryl ester is the primary product of 2-AG metabolism in the COX pathway.{11045} PGD2 serinol amide (PGD2-SA) is a stable analog of PGD2 2-glyceryl ester. Unlike PGD2 2-glyceryl ester and other fatty acyl 2-glyceryl esters, PGD2-SA will not isomerize to the less active primary (1-glyceryl) ester. The biological activity of PGD2-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

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    SKU:10192 - 10 mg

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  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid (CB) agonist activity at the CB1 receptor,{5306} is an important endogenous monoglyceride species,{6819} and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor. 2-AG can also be sequentially metabolized by COX-2 and specific PG synthases to form PG 2-glyceryl esters.{11045} In activated RAW 264.7 cells, PGD2 2-glyceryl ester is the primary product of 2-AG metabolism in the COX pathway.{11045} PGD2 serinol amide (PGD2-SA) is a stable analog of PGD2 2-glyceryl ester. Unlike PGD2 2-glyceryl ester and other fatty acyl 2-glyceryl esters, PGD2-SA will not isomerize to the less active primary (1-glyceryl) ester. The biological activity of PGD2-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

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    SKU:10192 - 5 mg

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  • 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; Item No. 62160) has been isolated from porcine brain, and has been characterized as the natural endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor.{4614,5306} Incubation of 2-AG with COX-2 and specific prostaglandin H2 (PGH2; Item No. 17020) isomerases in cell cultures and isolated enzyme preparations results in prostaglandin glycerol ester formation.{11045} The biosynthesis of PGH, PGD, PGE, PGF, and TXA-2-glyceryl ester compounds have all been documented. In RAW 264.7 cells, PGD2-2-glyceryl ester is the main COX metabolite.{11045} The 2-glyceryl ester moiety equilibrates rapidly (within minutes) with the more stable 1-glyceryl ester, producing a 10:90 mixture of the 1- and 2-glyceryl esters in typical aqueous media. While the stability and metabolism of these PG products have been investigated, little is known about their intrinsic biological activity.{10555}  

     

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    SKU:12015 - 1 mg

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  • 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; Item No. 62160) has been isolated from porcine brain, and has been characterized as the natural endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor.{4614,5306} Incubation of 2-AG with COX-2 and specific prostaglandin H2 (PGH2; Item No. 17020) isomerases in cell cultures and isolated enzyme preparations results in prostaglandin glycerol ester formation.{11045} The biosynthesis of PGH, PGD, PGE, PGF, and TXA-2-glyceryl ester compounds have all been documented. In RAW 264.7 cells, PGD2-2-glyceryl ester is the main COX metabolite.{11045} The 2-glyceryl ester moiety equilibrates rapidly (within minutes) with the more stable 1-glyceryl ester, producing a 10:90 mixture of the 1- and 2-glyceryl esters in typical aqueous media. While the stability and metabolism of these PG products have been investigated, little is known about their intrinsic biological activity.{10555}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:12015 - 10 mg

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  • 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; Item No. 62160) has been isolated from porcine brain, and has been characterized as the natural endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor.{4614,5306} Incubation of 2-AG with COX-2 and specific prostaglandin H2 (PGH2; Item No. 17020) isomerases in cell cultures and isolated enzyme preparations results in prostaglandin glycerol ester formation.{11045} The biosynthesis of PGH, PGD, PGE, PGF, and TXA-2-glyceryl ester compounds have all been documented. In RAW 264.7 cells, PGD2-2-glyceryl ester is the main COX metabolite.{11045} The 2-glyceryl ester moiety equilibrates rapidly (within minutes) with the more stable 1-glyceryl ester, producing a 10:90 mixture of the 1- and 2-glyceryl esters in typical aqueous media. While the stability and metabolism of these PG products have been investigated, little is known about their intrinsic biological activity.{10555}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:12015 - 5 mg

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  • Prostaglandin D2-d4 (PGD2-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGD2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGD2 is the major eicosanoid product of mast cells and is released in large quantities during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis. Mastocytosis patients produce excessive amounts of PGD2, which causes vasodilation, flushing, hypotension, and syncopal episodes. PGD2 is also produced in the brain via an alternative pathway involving a soluble, secreted PGD-synthase also known as β-trace.2,3 In the brain, PGD2 produces normal physiological sleep and lowering of body temperature. Further pharmacological actions include inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. PGD2 inhibits human ovarian tumor cell proliferation with an IC50 of 6.8 µM.  

     

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    SKU:312010 - 100 µg

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  • Prostaglandin D2-d4 (PGD2-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGD2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGD2 is the major eicosanoid product of mast cells and is released in large quantities during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis. Mastocytosis patients produce excessive amounts of PGD2, which causes vasodilation, flushing, hypotension, and syncopal episodes. PGD2 is also produced in the brain via an alternative pathway involving a soluble, secreted PGD-synthase also known as β-trace.2,3 In the brain, PGD2 produces normal physiological sleep and lowering of body temperature. Further pharmacological actions include inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. PGD2 inhibits human ovarian tumor cell proliferation with an IC50 of 6.8 µM.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:312010 - 25 µg

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  • Prostaglandin D2-d4 (PGD2-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGD2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGD2 is the major eicosanoid product of mast cells and is released in large quantities during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis. Mastocytosis patients produce excessive amounts of PGD2, which causes vasodilation, flushing, hypotension, and syncopal episodes. PGD2 is also produced in the brain via an alternative pathway involving a soluble, secreted PGD-synthase also known as β-trace.2,3 In the brain, PGD2 produces normal physiological sleep and lowering of body temperature. Further pharmacological actions include inhibition of platelet aggregation and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. PGD2 inhibits human ovarian tumor cell proliferation with an IC50 of 6.8 µM.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:312010 - 50 µg

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  • Prostaglandin D3 (PGD3) is produced by the metabolism of EPA via the COX pathway.{1144} It is equipotent to PGD2 (Item No. 12010) in decreasing systemic blood pressure in rats and in decreasing intraocular pressure in rabbits.{1139,1138,1225} However, it is 3-5 times more potent than PGD2 in the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation.{1139}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:12990 - 100 µg

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  • Prostaglandin D3 (PGD3) is produced by the metabolism of EPA via the COX pathway.{1144} It is equipotent to PGD2 (Item No. 12010) in decreasing systemic blood pressure in rats and in decreasing intraocular pressure in rabbits.{1139,1138,1225} However, it is 3-5 times more potent than PGD2 in the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation.{1139}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:12990 - 25 µg

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  • Prostaglandin D3 (PGD3) is produced by the metabolism of EPA via the COX pathway.{1144} It is equipotent to PGD2 (Item No. 12010) in decreasing systemic blood pressure in rats and in decreasing intraocular pressure in rabbits.{1139,1138,1225} However, it is 3-5 times more potent than PGD2 in the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation.{1139}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:12990 - 50 µg

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  • PGE1 is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), but it is virtually undetectable in the plasma of normal humans or other animals.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} The vasorelaxant and anti-hypertensive effects of PGE1 are used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to provide emergency vasodilation of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants whose cardiac anomalies require pulmonary shunting for survival.{3468,5876} In human males, the intracavernosal effective dose range for PGE1 is 2 to 80 µg, and the transurethral range is 125 to 1,000 µg.{3468}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:13010 - 1 mg

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  • PGE1 is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), but it is virtually undetectable in the plasma of normal humans or other animals.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} The vasorelaxant and anti-hypertensive effects of PGE1 are used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to provide emergency vasodilation of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants whose cardiac anomalies require pulmonary shunting for survival.{3468,5876} In human males, the intracavernosal effective dose range for PGE1 is 2 to 80 µg, and the transurethral range is 125 to 1,000 µg.{3468}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:13010 - 10 mg

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  • PGE1 is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), but it is virtually undetectable in the plasma of normal humans or other animals.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} The vasorelaxant and anti-hypertensive effects of PGE1 are used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to provide emergency vasodilation of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants whose cardiac anomalies require pulmonary shunting for survival.{3468,5876} In human males, the intracavernosal effective dose range for PGE1 is 2 to 80 µg, and the transurethral range is 125 to 1,000 µg.{3468}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:13010 - 5 mg

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  • PGE1 is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), but it is virtually undetectable in the plasma of normal humans or other animals.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} The vasorelaxant and anti-hypertensive effects of PGE1 are used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to provide emergency vasodilation of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants whose cardiac anomalies require pulmonary shunting for survival.{3468,5876} In human males, the intracavernosal effective dose range for PGE1 is 2 to 80 µg, and the transurethral range is 125 to 1,000 µg.{3468}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:13010 - 50 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) alcohol is a non-irritant bronchodilator, with relaxant activity on the human bronchial muscle in vitro, comparable to PGE1 at concentrations of 0.01 to 10.0 µg/ml.{2118,2119} Asthmatics receiving single dose inhalation treatments reported significant but short-acting bronchodilation at doses of 10 and 30 µg.{2118} PGE1 alcohol binds to the mouse recombinant EP3 and EP4 receptors with Ki values of 330 and 190 nM, respectively.{6640}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:13020 - 1 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) alcohol is a non-irritant bronchodilator, with relaxant activity on the human bronchial muscle in vitro, comparable to PGE1 at concentrations of 0.01 to 10.0 µg/ml.{2118,2119} Asthmatics receiving single dose inhalation treatments reported significant but short-acting bronchodilation at doses of 10 and 30 µg.{2118} PGE1 alcohol binds to the mouse recombinant EP3 and EP4 receptors with Ki values of 330 and 190 nM, respectively.{6640}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:13020 - 10 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) alcohol is a non-irritant bronchodilator, with relaxant activity on the human bronchial muscle in vitro, comparable to PGE1 at concentrations of 0.01 to 10.0 µg/ml.{2118,2119} Asthmatics receiving single dose inhalation treatments reported significant but short-acting bronchodilation at doses of 10 and 30 µg.{2118} PGE1 alcohol binds to the mouse recombinant EP3 and EP4 receptors with Ki values of 330 and 190 nM, respectively.{6640}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:13020 - 5 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) alcohol is a non-irritant bronchodilator, with relaxant activity on the human bronchial muscle in vitro, comparable to PGE1 at concentrations of 0.01 to 10.0 µg/ml.{2118,2119} Asthmatics receiving single dose inhalation treatments reported significant but short-acting bronchodilation at doses of 10 and 30 µg.{2118} PGE1 alcohol binds to the mouse recombinant EP3 and EP4 receptors with Ki values of 330 and 190 nM, respectively.{6640}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:13020 - 500 µg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 ethanolamide (PGE1-EA) is the ethanolamine-amide analog of PGE1. Conversion of AEA, the ethanolamide of arachidonic acid, to PGE2-EA has been demonstrated in vitro.{5089,11045} It is not established whether this conversion occurs in whole animals, nor has the pharmacology of the resultant prostaglandin ethanolamides been rigorously studied.  

     

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    SKU:13012 - 1 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 ethanolamide (PGE1-EA) is the ethanolamine-amide analog of PGE1. Conversion of AEA, the ethanolamide of arachidonic acid, to PGE2-EA has been demonstrated in vitro.{5089,11045} It is not established whether this conversion occurs in whole animals, nor has the pharmacology of the resultant prostaglandin ethanolamides been rigorously studied.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:13012 - 10 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 ethanolamide (PGE1-EA) is the ethanolamine-amide analog of PGE1. Conversion of AEA, the ethanolamide of arachidonic acid, to PGE2-EA has been demonstrated in vitro.{5089,11045} It is not established whether this conversion occurs in whole animals, nor has the pharmacology of the resultant prostaglandin ethanolamides been rigorously studied.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:13012 - 5 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 value of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} PGE1 is used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to maintain ductus arteriosus patency in infants.{3468,5876} PGE1 ethyl ester is an esterified form of the free acid which may be more amenable for certain applications.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:9001730 - 1 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 value of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} PGE1 is used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to maintain ductus arteriosus patency in infants.{3468,5876} PGE1 ethyl ester is an esterified form of the free acid which may be more amenable for certain applications.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:9001730 - 100 µg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 value of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} PGE1 is used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to maintain ductus arteriosus patency in infants.{3468,5876} PGE1 ethyl ester is an esterified form of the free acid which may be more amenable for certain applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9001730 - 5 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 value of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} PGE1 is used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to maintain ductus arteriosus patency in infants.{3468,5876} PGE1 ethyl ester is an esterified form of the free acid which may be more amenable for certain applications.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:9001730 - 500 µg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 isopropyl ester is an ester prodrug form of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; Item No. 13010) with enhanced lipid solubility.{49642,49641} The ester functional group on PGE1 isopropyl ester is readily hydrolyzed in cells and in vivo to release active PGE1.{49642} PGE1 isopropyl ester exhibits a faster penetration flux than the free acid form of PGE1 when applied topically to isolated mouse skin. Topical administration of PGE1 isopropyl ester (1 mM) reduces fluid pressure within human dermal fibroblast cell aggregates.{49641}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:9001729 - 1 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 isopropyl ester is an ester prodrug form of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; Item No. 13010) with enhanced lipid solubility.{49642,49641} The ester functional group on PGE1 isopropyl ester is readily hydrolyzed in cells and in vivo to release active PGE1.{49642} PGE1 isopropyl ester exhibits a faster penetration flux than the free acid form of PGE1 when applied topically to isolated mouse skin. Topical administration of PGE1 isopropyl ester (1 mM) reduces fluid pressure within human dermal fibroblast cell aggregates.{49641}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:9001729 - 100 µg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 isopropyl ester is an ester prodrug form of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; Item No. 13010) with enhanced lipid solubility.{49642,49641} The ester functional group on PGE1 isopropyl ester is readily hydrolyzed in cells and in vivo to release active PGE1.{49642} PGE1 isopropyl ester exhibits a faster penetration flux than the free acid form of PGE1 when applied topically to isolated mouse skin. Topical administration of PGE1 isopropyl ester (1 mM) reduces fluid pressure within human dermal fibroblast cell aggregates.{49641}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:9001729 - 5 mg

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  • Prostaglandin E1 isopropyl ester is an ester prodrug form of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; Item No. 13010) with enhanced lipid solubility.{49642,49641} The ester functional group on PGE1 isopropyl ester is readily hydrolyzed in cells and in vivo to release active PGE1.{49642} PGE1 isopropyl ester exhibits a faster penetration flux than the free acid form of PGE1 when applied topically to isolated mouse skin. Topical administration of PGE1 isopropyl ester (1 mM) reduces fluid pressure within human dermal fibroblast cell aggregates.{49641}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:9001729 - 500 µg

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  • Prostaglandin E1-d4 (PGE1-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE1 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGE1 is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), but it is virtually undetectable in the plasma of normal humans or other animals.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} The vasorelaxant and anti-hypertensive effects of PGE1 are used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to provide emergency vasodilation of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants whose cardiac anomalies require pulmonary shunting for survival.{3468,5876} In human males, the intracavernosal effective dose range for PGE1 is 2 to 80 µg, and the transurethral range is 125 to 1,000 µg.{3468}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:313010 - 100 µg

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  • Prostaglandin E1-d4 (PGE1-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE1 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGE1 is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), but it is virtually undetectable in the plasma of normal humans or other animals.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} The vasorelaxant and anti-hypertensive effects of PGE1 are used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to provide emergency vasodilation of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants whose cardiac anomalies require pulmonary shunting for survival.{3468,5876} In human males, the intracavernosal effective dose range for PGE1 is 2 to 80 µg, and the transurethral range is 125 to 1,000 µg.{3468}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:313010 - 50 µg

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  • Prostaglandin E1-d4 (PGE1-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE1 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGE1 is the theoretical cyclooxygenase metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), but it is virtually undetectable in the plasma of normal humans or other animals.{5702} Its pharmacology includes vasodilation, hypotension, and anti-platelet activities. The IC50 of PGE1 for the inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation is 40 nM.{960,1751} The vasorelaxant and anti-hypertensive effects of PGE1 are used to treat male erectile dysfunction and to provide emergency vasodilation of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants whose cardiac anomalies require pulmonary shunting for survival.{3468,5876} In human males, the intracavernosal effective dose range for PGE1 is 2 to 80 µg, and the transurethral range is 125 to 1,000 µg.{3468}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:313010 - 500 µg

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  • PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid (Item No. 90010) and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

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  • PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid (Item No. 90010) and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

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  • PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid (Item No. 90010) and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid (Item No. 90010) and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

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  • Prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) is an analog of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) with improved water solubility and stability. PGE2-EA is formed via COX-2 metabolism of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; Item No. 90050) and acts as an agonist at E prostanoid (EP) receptors 1-4 (Kis = 2.45, 0.46, 0.2, and 0.51 μM, respectively).{11045,10926} It also inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) in THP-1 cells and human monocytes (IC50s = 5.7 and 4.7 μM, respectively).{40333} PGE2-EA (10 μM) prevents morphological changes and F-actin rearrangement as well as reduces L-homocysteine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation in podocytes.{41626} Ex vivo, PGE2-EA reduces luminal damage and lymphocyte infiltration in a human mucosal explant colitis model.{41627}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) is an analog of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) with improved water solubility and stability. PGE2-EA is formed via COX-2 metabolism of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; Item No. 90050) and acts as an agonist at E prostanoid (EP) receptors 1-4 (Kis = 2.45, 0.46, 0.2, and 0.51 μM, respectively).{11045,10926} It also inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) in THP-1 cells and human monocytes (IC50s = 5.7 and 4.7 μM, respectively).{40333} PGE2-EA (10 μM) prevents morphological changes and F-actin rearrangement as well as reduces L-homocysteine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation in podocytes.{41626} Ex vivo, PGE2-EA reduces luminal damage and lymphocyte infiltration in a human mucosal explant colitis model.{41627}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) is an analog of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) with improved water solubility and stability. PGE2-EA is formed via COX-2 metabolism of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; Item No. 90050) and acts as an agonist at E prostanoid (EP) receptors 1-4 (Kis = 2.45, 0.46, 0.2, and 0.51 μM, respectively).{11045,10926} It also inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) in THP-1 cells and human monocytes (IC50s = 5.7 and 4.7 μM, respectively).{40333} PGE2-EA (10 μM) prevents morphological changes and F-actin rearrangement as well as reduces L-homocysteine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation in podocytes.{41626} Ex vivo, PGE2-EA reduces luminal damage and lymphocyte infiltration in a human mucosal explant colitis model.{41627}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) is an analog of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) with improved water solubility and stability. PGE2-EA is formed via COX-2 metabolism of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; Item No. 90050) and acts as an agonist at E prostanoid (EP) receptors 1-4 (Kis = 2.45, 0.46, 0.2, and 0.51 μM, respectively).{11045,10926} It also inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) in THP-1 cells and human monocytes (IC50s = 5.7 and 4.7 μM, respectively).{40333} PGE2-EA (10 μM) prevents morphological changes and F-actin rearrangement as well as reduces L-homocysteine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation in podocytes.{41626} Ex vivo, PGE2-EA reduces luminal damage and lymphocyte infiltration in a human mucosal explant colitis model.{41627}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide (PGE2-EA) is an analog of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) with improved water solubility and stability. PGE2-EA is formed via COX-2 metabolism of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; Item No. 90050) and acts as an agonist at E prostanoid (EP) receptors 1-4 (Kis = 2.45, 0.46, 0.2, and 0.51 μM, respectively).{11045,10926} It also inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) in THP-1 cells and human monocytes (IC50s = 5.7 and 4.7 μM, respectively).{40333} PGE2-EA (10 μM) prevents morphological changes and F-actin rearrangement as well as reduces L-homocysteine-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation in podocytes.{41626} Ex vivo, PGE2-EA reduces luminal damage and lymphocyte infiltration in a human mucosal explant colitis model.{41627} PGE2-EA MaxSpec® standard is a quantitative grade standard of PGE2-EA (Item No. 14012) that has been prepared specifically for mass spectrometry or any application where quantitative reproducibility is required. The solution has been prepared gravimetrically and is supplied in a deactivated glass ampule sealed under argon. The concentration was verified by comparison to an independently prepared calibration standard. This PGE2-EA MaxSpec® standard is guaranteed to meet identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications and is provided with a batch-specific certificate of analysis. Ongoing stability testing is performed to ensure the concentration remains accurate throughout the shelf life of the product. Note: The amount of solution added to the vial is in excess of the listed amount. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure volumes for preparation of calibration standards. Follow recommended storage and handling conditions to maintain product quality.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007212 - 100 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) isopropyl ester is a more lipophilic form of the free acid, PGE2. PG esters have enhanced lipid solubility compared to their parent compounds. They are generally hydrolyzed to the free acid by endogenous esterases upon in vivo administration, making the esters useful prodrugs. In general, the C-1 esters of PGs show greatly diminished receptor activity in vitro compared to the parent free acids.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10384 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) isopropyl ester is a more lipophilic form of the free acid, PGE2. PG esters have enhanced lipid solubility compared to their parent compounds. They are generally hydrolyzed to the free acid by endogenous esterases upon in vivo administration, making the esters useful prodrugs. In general, the C-1 esters of PGs show greatly diminished receptor activity in vitro compared to the parent free acids.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10384 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) isopropyl ester is a more lipophilic form of the free acid, PGE2. PG esters have enhanced lipid solubility compared to their parent compounds. They are generally hydrolyzed to the free acid by endogenous esterases upon in vivo administration, making the esters useful prodrugs. In general, the C-1 esters of PGs show greatly diminished receptor activity in vitro compared to the parent free acids.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10384 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid (Item No. 90010) and one of the most widely investigated PGs. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue. PGE2 MaxSpec® standard is a quantitative grade standard of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) that has been prepared specifically for mass spectrometry or any application where quantitative reproducibility is required. The solution has been prepared gravimetrically and is supplied in a deactivated glass ampule sealed under argon. The concentration was verified by comparison to an independently prepared calibration standard. This PGE2 MaxSpec® standard is guaranteed to meet identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications and is provided with a batch-specific certificate of analysis. Ongoing stability testing is performed to ensure the concentration remains accurate throughout the shelf life of the product. Note: The amount of solution added to the vial is in excess of the listed amount. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure volumes for preparation of calibration standards. Follow recommended storage and handling conditions to maintain product quality.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007211 - 100 µg

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  • Prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (PGE2 methyl ester) is an analog of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) with enhanced lipid solubility. PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid (Item No. 90010) and one of the most widely investigated PGs. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) values of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.{1422}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (PGE2 methyl ester) is an analog of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) with enhanced lipid solubility. PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid (Item No. 90010) and one of the most widely investigated PGs. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) values of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.{1422}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (PGE2 methyl ester) is an analog of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) with enhanced lipid solubility. PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid (Item No. 90010) and one of the most widely investigated PGs. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) values of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.{1422}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (PGE2 methyl ester) is an analog of PGE2 (Item No. 14010) with enhanced lipid solubility. PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid (Item No. 90010) and one of the most widely investigated PGs. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) values of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.{1422}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGE2 p-acetamidophenyl ester is a crystalline derivative of PGE2. PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGE2 p-acetamidophenyl ester is a crystalline derivative of PGE2. PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGE2 p-acetamidophenyl ester is a crystalline derivative of PGE2. PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGE2 p-benzamidophenyl ester is a crystalline derivative of PGE2. PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGE2 p-benzamidophenyl ester is a crystalline derivative of PGE2. PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGE2 p-benzamidophenyl ester is a crystalline derivative of PGE2. PGE2 is one of the primary COX products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid agonist activity at the CB1 receptor, is an important endogenous monoglyceride species, and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor.{5306,6819} 2-AG can also be metabolized sequentially by COX-2 and specific prostaglandin (PG) synthases to form PG 2-glyceryl esters.{11045} PGE2-SA is a stable analog of PGE2 2-glyceryl ester. The biological activity of PGE2-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10193 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid agonist activity at the CB1 receptor, is an important endogenous monoglyceride species, and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor.{5306,6819} 2-AG can also be metabolized sequentially by COX-2 and specific prostaglandin (PG) synthases to form PG 2-glyceryl esters.{11045} PGE2-SA is a stable analog of PGE2 2-glyceryl ester. The biological activity of PGE2-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10193 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid agonist activity at the CB1 receptor, is an important endogenous monoglyceride species, and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor.{5306,6819} 2-AG can also be metabolized sequentially by COX-2 and specific prostaglandin (PG) synthases to form PG 2-glyceryl esters.{11045} PGE2-SA is a stable analog of PGE2 2-glyceryl ester. The biological activity of PGE2-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10193 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid agonist activity at the CB1 receptor, is an important endogenous monoglyceride species, and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor.{5306,6819} 2-AG can also be metabolized sequentially by COX-2 and specific prostaglandin (PG) synthases to form PG 2-glyceryl esters.{11045} PGE2-SA is a stable analog of PGE2 2-glyceryl ester. The biological activity of PGE2-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10193 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; Item No. 62160) has been isolated from porcine brain, and has been characterized as the natural endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor.{4614,5306} Incubation of 2-AG with cyclooxygenase-2 and specific prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) isomerases in cell cultures and isolated enzyme preparations results in prostaglandin glycerol ester formation.{11045} The biosynthesis of PGH, PGD, PGE, PGF, and Thromboxane A-2-glyceryl ester compounds have all been documented. The 2-glyceryl ester moiety equilibrates rapidly (within minutes) with the more stable 1-glyceryl ester, producing a 10:90 2:1-glyceryl ester mixture in typical aqueous media. While the stability and metabolism of these prostaglandin products has been investigated, little is known about their intrinsic biological activity.{10555}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10140 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; Item No. 62160) has been isolated from porcine brain, and has been characterized as the natural endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor.{4614,5306} Incubation of 2-AG with cyclooxygenase-2 and specific prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) isomerases in cell cultures and isolated enzyme preparations results in prostaglandin glycerol ester formation.{11045} The biosynthesis of PGH, PGD, PGE, PGF, and Thromboxane A-2-glyceryl ester compounds have all been documented. The 2-glyceryl ester moiety equilibrates rapidly (within minutes) with the more stable 1-glyceryl ester, producing a 10:90 2:1-glyceryl ester mixture in typical aqueous media. While the stability and metabolism of these prostaglandin products has been investigated, little is known about their intrinsic biological activity.{10555}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10140 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; Item No. 62160) has been isolated from porcine brain, and has been characterized as the natural endocannabinoid ligand for the CB1 receptor.{4614,5306} Incubation of 2-AG with cyclooxygenase-2 and specific prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) isomerases in cell cultures and isolated enzyme preparations results in prostaglandin glycerol ester formation.{11045} The biosynthesis of PGH, PGD, PGE, PGF, and Thromboxane A-2-glyceryl ester compounds have all been documented. The 2-glyceryl ester moiety equilibrates rapidly (within minutes) with the more stable 1-glyceryl ester, producing a 10:90 2:1-glyceryl ester mixture in typical aqueous media. While the stability and metabolism of these prostaglandin products has been investigated, little is known about their intrinsic biological activity.{10555}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10140 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin E2-d4 (PGE2-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} The affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:314010 - 100 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin E2-d4 (PGE2-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} The affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:314010 - 50 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin E2-d4 (PGE2-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} The affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:314010 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • PGE2-d9 contains nine deuterium atoms at the 17, 17’, 18, 18’, 19, 19′, 20, 20, and 20′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS). PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10581 - 100 µg

    Available on backorder

  • PGE2-d9 contains nine deuterium atoms at the 17, 17’, 18, 18’, 19, 19′, 20, 20, and 20′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS). PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10581 - 250 µg

    Available on backorder

  • PGE2-d9 contains nine deuterium atoms at the 17, 17’, 18, 18’, 19, 19′, 20, 20, and 20′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS). PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10581 - 50 µg

    Available on backorder

  • PGE2-d9 contains nine deuterium atoms at the 17, 17’, 18, 18’, 19, 19′, 20, 20, and 20′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGE2 by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry (MS). PGE2 is one of the primary cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid and one of the most widely investigated prostaglandins. Its activity influences inflammation, fertility and parturition, gastric mucosal integrity, and immune modulation.{1585,1558,437,1330} The effects of PGE2 are transduced by at least four distinct receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.{1422} Affinity constants (Kd) of PGE2 for these receptors range from 1-10 nM depending on the receptor subtype and tissue.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10581 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) is formed via the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid.{1145} In human ocular tissue, it comprises 2.4% of the COX products formed.{1145} When applied to the eyes of a rabbit, a 1 µg dose of PGE3 decreases intraocular pressure from 21 mmHg to about 17 mmHg.{1225}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) is formed via the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid.{1145} In human ocular tissue, it comprises 2.4% of the COX products formed.{1145} When applied to the eyes of a rabbit, a 1 µg dose of PGE3 decreases intraocular pressure from 21 mmHg to about 17 mmHg.{1225}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) is formed via the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid.{1145} In human ocular tissue, it comprises 2.4% of the COX products formed.{1145} When applied to the eyes of a rabbit, a 1 µg dose of PGE3 decreases intraocular pressure from 21 mmHg to about 17 mmHg.{1225}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) is formed via the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid.{1145} In human ocular tissue, it comprises 2.4% of the COX products formed.{1145} When applied to the eyes of a rabbit, a 1 µg dose of PGE3 decreases intraocular pressure from 21 mmHg to about 17 mmHg.{1225}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α) is the putative metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Both PGF1α and PGF2α (Item Nos. 16010 | 10007221) have been shown to act as priming pheromones for male Atlantic salmon with a threshold concentration of 10−11 M.{3467} PGF1α binds to the ovine corpus luteum FP receptor at only 8% of the relative potency of PGF2α.{2058} It is only half as active as PGF2α in inducing human respiratory smooth muscle contractions in vitro.{2218}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α) is the putative metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Both PGF1α and PGF2α (Item Nos. 16010 | 10007221) have been shown to act as priming pheromones for male Atlantic salmon with a threshold concentration of 10−11 M.{3467} PGF1α binds to the ovine corpus luteum FP receptor at only 8% of the relative potency of PGF2α.{2058} It is only half as active as PGF2α in inducing human respiratory smooth muscle contractions in vitro.{2218}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α) is the putative metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Both PGF1α and PGF2α (Item Nos. 16010 | 10007221) have been shown to act as priming pheromones for male Atlantic salmon with a threshold concentration of 10−11 M.{3467} PGF1α binds to the ovine corpus luteum FP receptor at only 8% of the relative potency of PGF2α.{2058} It is only half as active as PGF2α in inducing human respiratory smooth muscle contractions in vitro.{2218}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α) alcohol is an analog of PGF1α with a primary alcohol replacing the C-1 carboxyl group. There are no published reports on the biological activity of this compound; however, the corresponding PGE1 analog (Item No. 13020) is a relatively selective EP3 and EP4 receptor ligand.{6640}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α) alcohol is an analog of PGF1α with a primary alcohol replacing the C-1 carboxyl group. There are no published reports on the biological activity of this compound; however, the corresponding PGE1 analog (Item No. 13020) is a relatively selective EP3 and EP4 receptor ligand.{6640}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α) alcohol is an analog of PGF1α with a primary alcohol replacing the C-1 carboxyl group. There are no published reports on the biological activity of this compound; however, the corresponding PGE1 analog (Item No. 13020) is a relatively selective EP3 and EP4 receptor ligand.{6640}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F1α (PGF1α) is the putative metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Both PGF1α and PGF2α (Item Nos. 16010 | 10007221) have been shown to act as priming pheromones for male Atlantic salmon with a threshold concentration of 10−11 M.{3467} PGF1α binds to the ovine corpus luteum FP receptor at only 8% of the relative potency of PGF2α.{2058} It is only half as active as PGF2α in inducing human respiratory smooth muscle contractions in vitro.{2218} PGF1α MaxSpec® standard is a quantitative grade standard of PGF1α (Item No. 15010) that has been prepared specifically for mass spectrometry and related applications where quantitative reproducibility is required. The solution has been prepared gravimetrically and is supplied in a deactivated glass ampule sealed under argon. The concentration was verified by comparison to an independently prepared calibration standard. This PGF1α MaxSpec® standard is guaranteed to meet identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications and is provided with a batch-specific certificate of analysis. Ongoing stability testing is performed to ensure the concentration remains accurate throughout the shelf life of the product. Note: The amount of solution added to the vial is in excess of the listed amount. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure volumes for preparation of calibration standards. Follow recommended storage and handling conditions to maintain product quality.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25900 - 100 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F1α-d9 (PGF1α.-d9) contains nine deuterium atoms at the 17, 17′, 18, 18′, 19, 19′, 20, 20, and 20 positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGF1α by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGF1α is the putative metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Both PGF1α and PGF2α have been shown to act as priming pheromones for male Atlantic salmon with a threshold concentration of 10-11 M.{3467} PGF1α binds to the ovine corpus luteum FP receptor at only 8% of the relative potency of PGF2α.{2058} It is only half as active as PGF2α in inducing human respiratory smooth muscle contractions in vitro.{2218}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008665 - 100 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F1α-d9 (PGF1α.-d9) contains nine deuterium atoms at the 17, 17′, 18, 18′, 19, 19′, 20, 20, and 20 positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGF1α by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGF1α is the putative metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Both PGF1α and PGF2α have been shown to act as priming pheromones for male Atlantic salmon with a threshold concentration of 10-11 M.{3467} PGF1α binds to the ovine corpus luteum FP receptor at only 8% of the relative potency of PGF2α.{2058} It is only half as active as PGF2α in inducing human respiratory smooth muscle contractions in vitro.{2218}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008665 - 25 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F1α-d9 (PGF1α.-d9) contains nine deuterium atoms at the 17, 17′, 18, 18′, 19, 19′, 20, 20, and 20 positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGF1α by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGF1α is the putative metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Both PGF1α and PGF2α have been shown to act as priming pheromones for male Atlantic salmon with a threshold concentration of 10-11 M.{3467} PGF1α binds to the ovine corpus luteum FP receptor at only 8% of the relative potency of PGF2α.{2058} It is only half as active as PGF2α in inducing human respiratory smooth muscle contractions in vitro.{2218}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008665 - 50 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F1α-d9 (PGF1α.-d9) contains nine deuterium atoms at the 17, 17′, 18, 18′, 19, 19′, 20, 20, and 20 positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGF1α by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGF1α is the putative metabolite of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Both PGF1α and PGF2α have been shown to act as priming pheromones for male Atlantic salmon with a threshold concentration of 10-11 M.{3467} PGF1α binds to the ovine corpus luteum FP receptor at only 8% of the relative potency of PGF2α.{2058} It is only half as active as PGF2α in inducing human respiratory smooth muscle contractions in vitro.{2218}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10008665 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • PGF1β is the C-9 epimer of PGF1α. It was shown to enhance respiratory rate in experimental animals when administered intravenously.{2224}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF1β is the C-9 epimer of PGF1α. It was shown to enhance respiratory rate in experimental animals when administered intravenously.{2224}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF1β is the C-9 epimer of PGF1α. It was shown to enhance respiratory rate in experimental animals when administered intravenously.{2224}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a widely distributed PG occurring in many species.{421,187,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exhibits potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exerts its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a widely distributed PG occurring in many species.{421,187,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exhibits potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exerts its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a widely distributed PG occurring in many species.{421,187,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exhibits potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exerts its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a widely distributed PG occurring in many species.{421,187,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exhibits potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exerts its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α tromethamine salt is a crystalline derivative of PGF2α with increased water solubility. Its solubility in PBS is 25 mg/ml compared to 10 mg/ml for PGF2α.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α tromethamine salt is a crystalline derivative of PGF2α with increased water solubility. Its solubility in PBS is 25 mg/ml compared to 10 mg/ml for PGF2α.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α tromethamine salt is a crystalline derivative of PGF2α with increased water solubility. Its solubility in PBS is 25 mg/ml compared to 10 mg/ml for PGF2α.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α tromethamine salt is a crystalline derivative of PGF2α with increased water solubility. Its solubility in PBS is 25 mg/ml compared to 10 mg/ml for PGF2α.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α 1,11-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. Hydrolysis of the lactone by plasma esterases readily produces free PGF2α in rats and monkeys, but not in humans.{1170} PGF2α 1,11-lactone is active as an antifertility agent with greatly reduced vasoactivity compared to PGF2α.{1170}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α 1,11-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. Hydrolysis of the lactone by plasma esterases readily produces free PGF2α in rats and monkeys, but not in humans.{1170} PGF2α 1,11-lactone is active as an antifertility agent with greatly reduced vasoactivity compared to PGF2α.{1170}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α 1,11-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. Hydrolysis of the lactone by plasma esterases readily produces free PGF2α in rats and monkeys, but not in humans.{1170} PGF2α 1,11-lactone is active as an antifertility agent with greatly reduced vasoactivity compared to PGF2α.{1170}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α 1,15-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. Hydrolysis of the lactone readily produces free PGF2α in plasma. In rhesus monkeys, a total dose of 15 mg of PGF2α 1,15-lactone terminates early pregnancy, whereas PGF2α is ineffective.{4371}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α 1,15-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. Hydrolysis of the lactone readily produces free PGF2α in plasma. In rhesus monkeys, a total dose of 15 mg of PGF2α 1,15-lactone terminates early pregnancy, whereas PGF2α is ineffective.{4371}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α 1,15-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. Hydrolysis of the lactone readily produces free PGF2α in plasma. In rhesus monkeys, a total dose of 15 mg of PGF2α 1,15-lactone terminates early pregnancy, whereas PGF2α is ineffective.{4371}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α 1,9-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. It is resistant to hydrolysis by human plasma esterases even after incubation for 20 hours under physiological conditions.{1170} PGF2α 1,9-lactone exhibits little antifertility and vasoactivity compared to PGF2α.{1170}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α 1,9-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. It is resistant to hydrolysis by human plasma esterases even after incubation for 20 hours under physiological conditions.{1170} PGF2α 1,9-lactone exhibits little antifertility and vasoactivity compared to PGF2α.{1170}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α 1,9-lactone is a lipid-soluble internal ester of PGF2α. It is resistant to hydrolysis by human plasma esterases even after incubation for 20 hours under physiological conditions.{1170} PGF2α 1,9-lactone exhibits little antifertility and vasoactivity compared to PGF2α.{1170}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α alcohol (PGF2α-OH) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been reduced to a primary alcohol. Biological studies on rat uterus show it to be a weak agonist.{7477} The compound is reported to retain ocular hypotensive properties,{7418} but the nature of the receptors which mediate these effects is disputed.{9585}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α alcohol (PGF2α-OH) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been reduced to a primary alcohol. Biological studies on rat uterus show it to be a weak agonist.{7477} The compound is reported to retain ocular hypotensive properties,{7418} but the nature of the receptors which mediate these effects is disputed.{9585}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α alcohol (PGF2α-OH) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been reduced to a primary alcohol. Biological studies on rat uterus show it to be a weak agonist.{7477} The compound is reported to retain ocular hypotensive properties,{7418} but the nature of the receptors which mediate these effects is disputed.{9585}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α alcohol methyl ether (PGF2α-OMe) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been replaced an O-methyl ether. The compound is reported to retain ocular hypotensive properties,{7418} but the receptors which mediate this activity have not been clearly documented.{9585}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α alcohol methyl ether (PGF2α-OMe) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been replaced an O-methyl ether. The compound is reported to retain ocular hypotensive properties,{7418} but the receptors which mediate this activity have not been clearly documented.{9585}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α alcohol methyl ether (PGF2α-OMe) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been replaced an O-methyl ether. The compound is reported to retain ocular hypotensive properties,{7418} but the receptors which mediate this activity have not been clearly documented.{9585}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) dimethyl amide is a weak FP receptor antagonist.{1319} In gerbil colon, PGF2α dimethyl amide at a dose of 3.2 µg/ml inhibits the contractile effects of PGF2α (at 6 ng/ml) by 50%.{1319}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) dimethyl amide is a weak FP receptor antagonist.{1319} In gerbil colon, PGF2α dimethyl amide at a dose of 3.2 µg/ml inhibits the contractile effects of PGF2α (at 6 ng/ml) by 50%.{1319}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) dimethyl amide is a weak FP receptor antagonist.{1319} In gerbil colon, PGF2α dimethyl amide at a dose of 3.2 µg/ml inhibits the contractile effects of PGF2α (at 6 ng/ml) by 50%.{1319}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α dimethyl amine is a derivative of PGF2α which was designed as a PG antagonist for in vitro and in vivo studies.{1319} PGF2α dimethyl amine is a weak FP receptor antagonist.{1319} In gerbil colon, PGF2α dimethyl amine at a dose of 3.2 µg/ml inhibits the contractile effects of PGF2α (at 6 ng/ml) by 60%.{1319}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α dimethyl amine is a derivative of PGF2α which was designed as a PG antagonist for in vitro and in vivo studies.{1319} PGF2α dimethyl amine is a weak FP receptor antagonist.{1319} In gerbil colon, PGF2α dimethyl amine at a dose of 3.2 µg/ml inhibits the contractile effects of PGF2α (at 6 ng/ml) by 60%.{1319}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α dimethyl amine is a derivative of PGF2α which was designed as a PG antagonist for in vitro and in vivo studies.{1319} PGF2α dimethyl amine is a weak FP receptor antagonist.{1319} In gerbil colon, PGF2α dimethyl amine at a dose of 3.2 µg/ml inhibits the contractile effects of PGF2α (at 6 ng/ml) by 60%.{1319}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (PGF2α-EA) is produced by COX-2 metabolism of the endogenous cannabinoid, arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), found in brain, liver, and other mammalian tissues.{2415} AEA can be metabolized directly by the sequential action of COX-2 and specific PG synthases to produce ethanolamide congeners of the classical PGs.{5089,11045} PGF2α-EA has also been reported to be biosynthesized by this mechanism when AEA was infused into the lung and liver of living mice. PGF2α-EA is a potent dilator (EC50 = 58 nM) of the cat iris sphincter, which is a model system for testing potential intraocular hypotensive agents.{8671}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (PGF2α-EA) is produced by COX-2 metabolism of the endogenous cannabinoid, arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), found in brain, liver, and other mammalian tissues.{2415} AEA can be metabolized directly by the sequential action of COX-2 and specific PG synthases to produce ethanolamide congeners of the classical PGs.{5089,11045} PGF2α-EA has also been reported to be biosynthesized by this mechanism when AEA was infused into the lung and liver of living mice. PGF2α-EA is a potent dilator (EC50 = 58 nM) of the cat iris sphincter, which is a model system for testing potential intraocular hypotensive agents.{8671}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (PGF2α-EA) is produced by COX-2 metabolism of the endogenous cannabinoid, arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), found in brain, liver, and other mammalian tissues.{2415} AEA can be metabolized directly by the sequential action of COX-2 and specific PG synthases to produce ethanolamide congeners of the classical PGs.{5089,11045} PGF2α-EA has also been reported to be biosynthesized by this mechanism when AEA was infused into the lung and liver of living mice. PGF2α-EA is a potent dilator (EC50 = 58 nM) of the cat iris sphincter, which is a model system for testing potential intraocular hypotensive agents.{8671}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (PGF2α-EA) is produced by cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) metabolism of the endogenous cannabinoid, arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; Item No. 90050), found in brain, liver, and other mammalian tissues.{2415} AEA can be metabolized directly by the sequential action of COX-2 and specific PG synthases to produce ethanolamide congeners of the classical PGs.{5089,11045} PGF2α-EA has also been reported to be biosynthesized by this mechanism when AEA was infused into the lung and liver of living mice. PGF2α-EA is a potent dilator (EC50 = 58 nM) of the cat iris sphincter, which is a model system for testing potential intraocular hypotensive agents.{8671} PGF2α-EA MaxSpec® standard is a quantitative grade standard of PGF2α-EA (Item No. 16013) that has been prepared specifically for mass spectrometry or any application where quantitative reproducibility is required. The solution has been prepared gravimetrically and is supplied in a deactivated glass ampule sealed under argon. The concentration was verified by comparison to an independently prepared calibration standard. This PGF2α-EA MaxSpec® standard is guaranteed to meet identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications and is provided with a batch-specific certificate of analysis. Ongoing stability testing is performed to ensure the concentration remains accurate throughout the shelf life of the product. Note: The amount of solution added to the vial is in excess of the listed amount. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure volumes for preparation of calibration standards. Follow recommended storage and handling conditions to maintain product quality.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007222 - 100 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F2α ethyl amide (PGF2α-NEt) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been modified to an N-ethyl amide. PG esters have been shown to have ocular hypotensive activity.{8837} PG N-ethyl amides were recently introduced as alternative prostaglandin ocular hypotensive prodrugs.{8941} Although it has been claimed that PG ethyl amides are not converted to the free acids in vivo,{8941} studies in our laboratories have shown that bovine and human corneal tissue converts the N-ethyl amides of various prostaglandins to the free acids with a conversion rate of about 2.5 µg/g corneal tissue/hr.{9311} PGF2α-NEt would be expected to show the typical intraocular effects of PGF2α free acid, but with the much slower hydrolysis pharmacokinetics of the PG N-amides.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α ethyl amide (PGF2α-NEt) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been modified to an N-ethyl amide. PG esters have been shown to have ocular hypotensive activity.{8837} PG N-ethyl amides were recently introduced as alternative prostaglandin ocular hypotensive prodrugs.{8941} Although it has been claimed that PG ethyl amides are not converted to the free acids in vivo,{8941} studies in our laboratories have shown that bovine and human corneal tissue converts the N-ethyl amides of various prostaglandins to the free acids with a conversion rate of about 2.5 µg/g corneal tissue/hr.{9311} PGF2α-NEt would be expected to show the typical intraocular effects of PGF2α free acid, but with the much slower hydrolysis pharmacokinetics of the PG N-amides.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α ethyl amide (PGF2α-NEt) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been modified to an N-ethyl amide. PG esters have been shown to have ocular hypotensive activity.{8837} PG N-ethyl amides were recently introduced as alternative prostaglandin ocular hypotensive prodrugs.{8941} Although it has been claimed that PG ethyl amides are not converted to the free acids in vivo,{8941} studies in our laboratories have shown that bovine and human corneal tissue converts the N-ethyl amides of various prostaglandins to the free acids with a conversion rate of about 2.5 µg/g corneal tissue/hr.{9311} PGF2α-NEt would be expected to show the typical intraocular effects of PGF2α free acid, but with the much slower hydrolysis pharmacokinetics of the PG N-amides.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α isopropyl ester is an ester prodrug of PGF2α with enhanced lipid solubility. Due to better membrane penetration, PGF2α isopropyl ester is more suitable than PGF2α or PGF2α tromethamine salt for topical application in studies on intraocular pressure. The ester functionality is readily hydrolyzed in vivo to release the active compound PGF2α. When administered topically to the eyes of cynomolgus monkeys, a 5 µg dose reduces intraocular pressure by 68% after the fourth day of treatment.{25}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α isopropyl ester is an ester prodrug of PGF2α with enhanced lipid solubility. Due to better membrane penetration, PGF2α isopropyl ester is more suitable than PGF2α or PGF2α tromethamine salt for topical application in studies on intraocular pressure. The ester functionality is readily hydrolyzed in vivo to release the active compound PGF2α. When administered topically to the eyes of cynomolgus monkeys, a 5 µg dose reduces intraocular pressure by 68% after the fourth day of treatment.{25}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • PGF2α isopropyl ester is an ester prodrug of PGF2α with enhanced lipid solubility. Due to better membrane penetration, PGF2α isopropyl ester is more suitable than PGF2α or PGF2α tromethamine salt for topical application in studies on intraocular pressure. The ester functionality is readily hydrolyzed in vivo to release the active compound PGF2α. When administered topically to the eyes of cynomolgus monkeys, a 5 µg dose reduces intraocular pressure by 68% after the fourth day of treatment.{25}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a widely distributed PG occurring in many species.{421,187,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exhibits potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exerts its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651} PGF2α MaxSpec® standard is a quantitative grade standard of PGF2α (Item No. 16010) that has been prepared specifically for mass spectrometry or any application where quantitative reproducibility is required. The solution has been prepared gravimetrically and is supplied in a deactivated glass ampule sealed under argon. The concentration was verified by comparison to an independently prepared calibration standard. This PGF2α MaxSpec® standard is guaranteed to meet identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications and is provided with a batch-specific certificate of analysis. Ongoing stability testing is performed to ensure the concentration remains accurate throughout the shelf life of the product. Note: The amount of solution added to the vial is in excess of the listed amount. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure volumes for preparation of calibration standards. Follow recommended storage and handling conditions to maintain product quality.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007221 - 100 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F2α methyl ester (PGF2α methyl ester) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been esterified as the methyl ester. PGF2α methyl ester was one of the first PG esters shown to have ocular hypotensive activity.{8837} This compound continues to be a standard by which other ocular hypotensive PG prodrugs are evaluated. The methyl ester is about 4-5 times more potent than the free acid, PGF2α. This difference is attributed to improved corneal penetration, and a depot effect of prolonged retention of the ester form of the compound in ocular tissue. A 2.5 µg dose of PGF2α-OMe applied to the eyes of cats results in a 6-8 mm Hg reduction in IOP.{8837}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α methyl ester (PGF2α methyl ester) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been esterified as the methyl ester. PGF2α methyl ester was one of the first PG esters shown to have ocular hypotensive activity.{8837} This compound continues to be a standard by which other ocular hypotensive PG prodrugs are evaluated. The methyl ester is about 4-5 times more potent than the free acid, PGF2α. This difference is attributed to improved corneal penetration, and a depot effect of prolonged retention of the ester form of the compound in ocular tissue. A 2.5 µg dose of PGF2α-OMe applied to the eyes of cats results in a 6-8 mm Hg reduction in IOP.{8837}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α methyl ester (PGF2α methyl ester) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been esterified as the methyl ester. PGF2α methyl ester was one of the first PG esters shown to have ocular hypotensive activity.{8837} This compound continues to be a standard by which other ocular hypotensive PG prodrugs are evaluated. The methyl ester is about 4-5 times more potent than the free acid, PGF2α. This difference is attributed to improved corneal penetration, and a depot effect of prolonged retention of the ester form of the compound in ocular tissue. A 2.5 µg dose of PGF2α-OMe applied to the eyes of cats results in a 6-8 mm Hg reduction in IOP.{8837}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Prostaglandin F2α methyl ester (PGF2α methyl ester) is an analog of PGF2α in which the C-1 carboxyl group has been esterified as the methyl ester. PGF2α methyl ester was one of the first PG esters shown to have ocular hypotensive activity.{8837} This compound continues to be a standard by which other ocular hypotensive PG prodrugs are evaluated. The methyl ester is about 4-5 times more potent than the free acid, PGF2α. This difference is attributed to improved corneal penetration, and a depot effect of prolonged retention of the ester form of the compound in ocular tissue. A 2.5 µg dose of PGF2α-OMe applied to the eyes of cats results in a 6-8 mm Hg reduction in IOP.{8837}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid agonist activity at the CB1 receptor,{5306} is an important endogenous monoglyceride species,{6819} and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor. 2-AG can also be metabolized by COX-2 and prostaglandin D, E, F, and I synthases to form prostaglandin 2-glyceryl (PG 2-glyceryl) esters.{11045} PGF2α-SA is a stable analog of PGF2α 2-glyceryl ester. The biological activity of PGF2α-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10194 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid agonist activity at the CB1 receptor,{5306} is an important endogenous monoglyceride species,{6819} and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor. 2-AG can also be metabolized by COX-2 and prostaglandin D, E, F, and I synthases to form prostaglandin 2-glyceryl (PG 2-glyceryl) esters.{11045} PGF2α-SA is a stable analog of PGF2α 2-glyceryl ester. The biological activity of PGF2α-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10194 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exhibits cannabinoid agonist activity at the CB1 receptor,{5306} is an important endogenous monoglyceride species,{6819} and is thus considered to be the natural ligand for the CB1 receptor. 2-AG can also be metabolized by COX-2 and prostaglandin D, E, F, and I synthases to form prostaglandin 2-glyceryl (PG 2-glyceryl) esters.{11045} PGF2α-SA is a stable analog of PGF2α 2-glyceryl ester. The biological activity of PGF2α-SA has not yet been determined.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10194 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; Item No. 62160) has been isolated from porcine brain, and has been characterized as the natural endocannabinoid ligand for the central cannabinoid receptor.{4614,5306} Incubation of 2-AG with cyclooxygenase-2 and specific prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) isomerases in cell cultures and isolated enzyme preparations results in PG glyceryl ester formation.{11045} The biosynthesis of PGH, PGD, PGE, PGF, and thromboxane A-2-glyceryl ester compounds have all been documented. The 2-glyceryl ester moiety equilibrates rapidly (within minutes) with the more stable 1-glyceryl ester, producing a 10:90 2:1-glyceryl ester mixture in typical aqueous media. While the stability and metabolism of PGF2α-1-glyceryl ester has been investigated, little is known about its intrinsic biological activity.{10555}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10139 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; Item No. 62160) has been isolated from porcine brain, and has been characterized as the natural endocannabinoid ligand for the central cannabinoid receptor.{4614,5306} Incubation of 2-AG with cyclooxygenase-2 and specific prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) isomerases in cell cultures and isolated enzyme preparations results in PG glyceryl ester formation.{11045} The biosynthesis of PGH, PGD, PGE, PGF, and thromboxane A-2-glyceryl ester compounds have all been documented. The 2-glyceryl ester moiety equilibrates rapidly (within minutes) with the more stable 1-glyceryl ester, producing a 10:90 2:1-glyceryl ester mixture in typical aqueous media. While the stability and metabolism of PGF2α-1-glyceryl ester has been investigated, little is known about its intrinsic biological activity.{10555}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10139 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG; Item No. 62160) has been isolated from porcine brain, and has been characterized as the natural endocannabinoid ligand for the central cannabinoid receptor.{4614,5306} Incubation of 2-AG with cyclooxygenase-2 and specific prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) isomerases in cell cultures and isolated enzyme preparations results in PG glyceryl ester formation.{11045} The biosynthesis of PGH, PGD, PGE, PGF, and thromboxane A-2-glyceryl ester compounds have all been documented. The 2-glyceryl ester moiety equilibrates rapidly (within minutes) with the more stable 1-glyceryl ester, producing a 10:90 2:1-glyceryl ester mixture in typical aqueous media. While the stability and metabolism of PGF2α-1-glyceryl ester has been investigated, little is known about its intrinsic biological activity.{10555}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10139 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F2α-d4 (PGF2α-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGF2α (Item No. 16010) by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGF2α is a widely distributed prostaglandin occurring in many species.{187,421,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exerts potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exhibits its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:316010 - 100 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F2α-d4 (PGF2α-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGF2α (Item No. 16010) by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGF2α is a widely distributed prostaglandin occurring in many species.{187,421,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exerts potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exhibits its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:316010 - 25 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F2α-d4 (PGF2α-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGF2α (Item No. 16010) by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGF2α is a widely distributed prostaglandin occurring in many species.{187,421,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exerts potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exhibits its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:316010 - 50 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F2α-d4 (PGF2α-d4) contains four deuterium atoms at the 3, 3′, 4, and 4′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGF2α (Item No. 16010) by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. PGF2α is a widely distributed prostaglandin occurring in many species.{187,421,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exerts potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exhibits its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:316010 - 500 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F2α-d4 (PGF2α-d4) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of PGF2α (Item No. 16010) by GC- or LC-MS. PGF2α is a widely distributed prostaglandin occurring in many species.{187,421,796} It causes contraction of vascular, bronchial, intestinal, and myometrial smooth muscle, and also exerts potent luteolytic activity.{187} PGF2α exhibits its receptor mediated physiological activity at 50-100 nM.{187} Maximal ovine myometrial contraction can be achieved at 125 nM PGF2α in vitro.{1651} PGF2α-d4 MaxSpec® standard is a quantitative grade standard of PGF2α-d4(Item No. 316010) that has been prepared specifically for mass spectrometry and related applications where quantitative reproducibility is required. The solution has been prepared gravimetrically and is supplied in a deactivated glass ampule sealed under argon. The concentration was verified by comparison to an independently prepared calibration standard. This PGF2α-d4 MaxSpec® standard is guaranteed to meet identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications and is provided with a batch-specific certificate of analysis. Ongoing stability testing is performed to ensure the concentration remains accurate throughout the shelf life of the product. Note: The amount of solution added to the vial is in excess of the listed amount. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure volumes for preparation of calibration standards. Follow recommended storage and handling conditions to maintain product quality.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10007275 - 10 µg

    Available on backorder

  • Prostaglandin F2β (PGF2β) is the 9β-hydroxy stereoisomer of PGF2α. It is much less active than PGF2α in antifertility and bronchoconstrictor activities.{1925,2121,633} PGF2β exhibits bronchodilating activity in guinea pigs and cats and antagonizes the bronchoconstrictor activity of PGF2α.{633}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Prostaglandin F2β (PGF2β) is the 9β-hydroxy stereoisomer of PGF2α. It is much less active than PGF2α in antifertility and bronchoconstrictor activities.{1925,2121,633} PGF2β exhibits bronchodilating activity in guinea pigs and cats and antagonizes the bronchoconstrictor activity of PGF2α.{633}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Prostaglandin F2β (PGF2β) is the 9β-hydroxy stereoisomer of PGF2α. It is much less active than PGF2α in antifertility and bronchoconstrictor activities.{1925,2121,633} PGF2β exhibits bronchodilating activity in guinea pigs and cats and antagonizes the bronchoconstrictor activity of PGF2α.{633}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock