Cayman

Showing 22051–22200 of 45550 results

  • Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea and an inhibitor of pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels (IC50 = 184 nM for murine β-cells).{47058,34125} It is selective for pancreatic β-cell over cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cell KATP channels (IC50s = 19.5 and 37.9 μM, respectively).{47058} Gliclazide (5 μM) increases insulin-induced glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane in a differentiated 3T3L1 adipocyte model of insulin resistance induced by hydrogen peroxide.{47059} Gliclazide (5 and 10 μg/ml) reduces LDL oxidation by human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), decreasing TBARS content and 8-isoprostane levels.{8975} It also decreases oxidized LDL-induced HASMC proliferation and monocyte adhesion when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg/ml. Gliclazide (5mg/kg) reduces serum glucose levels and increases glucose uptake by isolated rat hindquarters in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{47060}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:25503 - 1 g

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  • Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea and an inhibitor of pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels (IC50 = 184 nM for murine β-cells).{47058,34125} It is selective for pancreatic β-cell over cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cell KATP channels (IC50s = 19.5 and 37.9 μM, respectively).{47058} Gliclazide (5 μM) increases insulin-induced glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane in a differentiated 3T3L1 adipocyte model of insulin resistance induced by hydrogen peroxide.{47059} Gliclazide (5 and 10 μg/ml) reduces LDL oxidation by human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), decreasing TBARS content and 8-isoprostane levels.{8975} It also decreases oxidized LDL-induced HASMC proliferation and monocyte adhesion when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg/ml. Gliclazide (5mg/kg) reduces serum glucose levels and increases glucose uptake by isolated rat hindquarters in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{47060}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:25503 - 10 g

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  • Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea and an inhibitor of pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels (IC50 = 184 nM for murine β-cells).{47058,34125} It is selective for pancreatic β-cell over cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cell KATP channels (IC50s = 19.5 and 37.9 μM, respectively).{47058} Gliclazide (5 μM) increases insulin-induced glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane in a differentiated 3T3L1 adipocyte model of insulin resistance induced by hydrogen peroxide.{47059} Gliclazide (5 and 10 μg/ml) reduces LDL oxidation by human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), decreasing TBARS content and 8-isoprostane levels.{8975} It also decreases oxidized LDL-induced HASMC proliferation and monocyte adhesion when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg/ml. Gliclazide (5mg/kg) reduces serum glucose levels and increases glucose uptake by isolated rat hindquarters in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{47060}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:25503 - 25 g

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  • Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea and an inhibitor of pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels (IC50 = 184 nM for murine β-cells).{47058,34125} It is selective for pancreatic β-cell over cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cell KATP channels (IC50s = 19.5 and 37.9 μM, respectively).{47058} Gliclazide (5 μM) increases insulin-induced glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane in a differentiated 3T3L1 adipocyte model of insulin resistance induced by hydrogen peroxide.{47059} Gliclazide (5 and 10 μg/ml) reduces LDL oxidation by human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), decreasing TBARS content and 8-isoprostane levels.{8975} It also decreases oxidized LDL-induced HASMC proliferation and monocyte adhesion when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg/ml. Gliclazide (5mg/kg) reduces serum glucose levels and increases glucose uptake by isolated rat hindquarters in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104).{47060}  

     

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    SKU:25503 - 5 g

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  • Glimepiride is a long-acting sulfonylurea that inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in pancreatic β-cells (IC50 = 3 nM), which leads to the release of insulin.{25521} At 20 μM, glimepiride has been shown to increase the activity of intracellular insulin receptors and to prevent insulin receptor downregulation during chronic insulin stimulation through a mechanism involving protein kinase C activation.{25523} It has been reported to be less effective at inhibiting nonpancreatic KATP channels, and therefore contributes fewer cardiac actions, compared to earlier generations of sulfonylurea anti-type 2 diabetes treatments.{25522}  

     

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    SKU:12090 - 1 g

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  • Glimepiride is a long-acting sulfonylurea that inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in pancreatic β-cells (IC50 = 3 nM), which leads to the release of insulin.{25521} At 20 μM, glimepiride has been shown to increase the activity of intracellular insulin receptors and to prevent insulin receptor downregulation during chronic insulin stimulation through a mechanism involving protein kinase C activation.{25523} It has been reported to be less effective at inhibiting nonpancreatic KATP channels, and therefore contributes fewer cardiac actions, compared to earlier generations of sulfonylurea anti-type 2 diabetes treatments.{25522}  

     

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    SKU:12090 - 5 g

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  • Glimepiride is a long-acting sulfonylurea that inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in pancreatic β-cells (IC50 = 3 nM), which leads to the release of insulin.{25521} At 20 μM, glimepiride has been shown to increase the activity of intracellular insulin receptors and to prevent insulin receptor downregulation during chronic insulin stimulation through a mechanism involving protein kinase C activation.{25523} It has been reported to be less effective at inhibiting nonpancreatic KATP channels, and therefore contributes fewer cardiac actions, compared to earlier generations of sulfonylurea anti-type 2 diabetes treatments.{25522}  

     

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    SKU:12090 - 500 mg

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  • Gliorosein is a fungal metabolite produced by Gliocladium.{38996} It is an isomer of rubrogliocladin hydroquinone. Gliorosein has antibiotic activity against B. allii, B. subtilis, and E. coli.  

     

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    SKU:24921 - 1 mg

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  • Gliorosein is a fungal metabolite produced by Gliocladium.{38996} It is an isomer of rubrogliocladin hydroquinone. Gliorosein has antibiotic activity against B. allii, B. subtilis, and E. coli.  

     

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    SKU:24921 - 5 mg

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  • Gliotoxin is an immunosuppressive mycotoxin produced by pathogenic strains of Aspergillus and other fungi with diverse biological activities.{21692,21695,21694,21690,21693,21689,43859,21714} It inhibits 20S proteasomal chymotrypsin activity (IC50 = 10 μM), blocking the degradation of IκBα and preventing the activation of NF-κB.{21695,21694} Gliotoxin induces apoptosis in monocytes and dendritic cells and reduces phagocytosis by neutrophils.{21690,21693} It suppresses viral infection by Nipah and Hendra virus in HEK293T cells (IC50s = 149 and 579 nM, respectively).{21689} Under reducing conditions, gliotoxin inhibits leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H; Item No. 10007817) epoxide hydrolase activity, but not aminopeptidase activity, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4; Item No. 20110) synthesis in neutrophils and monocytes.{43859} In vivo, gliotoxin (5 mg/kg) reduces LTB4 plasma levels and blocks peritoneal neutrophil infiltration in a mouse model of peritonitis induced by zymosan A (Item No. 21175). It also inhibits geranylgeranyltransferase I and farnesyltransferase (IC50s = 17 and 80 μM, respectively).{21714}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:11433 - 1 mg

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  • Gliotoxin is an immunosuppressive mycotoxin produced by pathogenic strains of Aspergillus and other fungi with diverse biological activities.{21692,21695,21694,21690,21693,21689,43859,21714} It inhibits 20S proteasomal chymotrypsin activity (IC50 = 10 μM), blocking the degradation of IκBα and preventing the activation of NF-κB.{21695,21694} Gliotoxin induces apoptosis in monocytes and dendritic cells and reduces phagocytosis by neutrophils.{21690,21693} It suppresses viral infection by Nipah and Hendra virus in HEK293T cells (IC50s = 149 and 579 nM, respectively).{21689} Under reducing conditions, gliotoxin inhibits leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H; Item No. 10007817) epoxide hydrolase activity, but not aminopeptidase activity, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4; Item No. 20110) synthesis in neutrophils and monocytes.{43859} In vivo, gliotoxin (5 mg/kg) reduces LTB4 plasma levels and blocks peritoneal neutrophil infiltration in a mouse model of peritonitis induced by zymosan A (Item No. 21175). It also inhibits geranylgeranyltransferase I and farnesyltransferase (IC50s = 17 and 80 μM, respectively).{21714}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:11433 - 10 mg

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  • Gliotoxin is an immunosuppressive mycotoxin produced by pathogenic strains of Aspergillus and other fungi with diverse biological activities.{21692,21695,21694,21690,21693,21689,43859,21714} It inhibits 20S proteasomal chymotrypsin activity (IC50 = 10 μM), blocking the degradation of IκBα and preventing the activation of NF-κB.{21695,21694} Gliotoxin induces apoptosis in monocytes and dendritic cells and reduces phagocytosis by neutrophils.{21690,21693} It suppresses viral infection by Nipah and Hendra virus in HEK293T cells (IC50s = 149 and 579 nM, respectively).{21689} Under reducing conditions, gliotoxin inhibits leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H; Item No. 10007817) epoxide hydrolase activity, but not aminopeptidase activity, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4; Item No. 20110) synthesis in neutrophils and monocytes.{43859} In vivo, gliotoxin (5 mg/kg) reduces LTB4 plasma levels and blocks peritoneal neutrophil infiltration in a mouse model of peritonitis induced by zymosan A (Item No. 21175). It also inhibits geranylgeranyltransferase I and farnesyltransferase (IC50s = 17 and 80 μM, respectively).{21714}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:11433 - 5 mg

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  • Gliovirin is a fungal metabolite that has been found in T. harzianum and has fungicidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.{46408} It is active against the plant pathogenic fungus P. ultimum (MIC = 60 ng/ml) and the parasite T. brucei brucei (IC50 = 90 ng/ml), but has no effect on the plant pathogenic fungi R. solani, P. omnivorum, T. basicola, R. arrhizus, and V. dahliae or the bacteria B. thuringiensis, P. fluorescens, and X. malvacearum when used at concentrations up to 1,000 ng/ml.{46409,46410} Gliovirin decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)- and ionomycin-induced increased expression of COX-2 (IC50 = 1 µM) and protein levels of IL-2 in Jurkat cells (IC50 = 5.2 µM).{46408}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:28583 - 1 mg

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  • Glipizide is a hypoglycemic agent.{46791} It inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in primary mouse pancreatic β cells (IC50 = 6.4 nM). Glipizide induces insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic tissue with an EC50 value of 40 nM.{46792} Dietary administration of glipizide (5 mg/kg per day for 10 days) increases the number of insulin receptors on isolated and purified mouse liver plasma membranes.{46793} It reduces plasma glucose and triglyceride, but not total cholesterol, levels and increases plasma insulin levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) when administered orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg.{46794} Formulations containing glipizide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:11579 - 1 g

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  • Glipizide is a hypoglycemic agent.{46791} It inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in primary mouse pancreatic β cells (IC50 = 6.4 nM). Glipizide induces insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic tissue with an EC50 value of 40 nM.{46792} Dietary administration of glipizide (5 mg/kg per day for 10 days) increases the number of insulin receptors on isolated and purified mouse liver plasma membranes.{46793} It reduces plasma glucose and triglyceride, but not total cholesterol, levels and increases plasma insulin levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) when administered orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg.{46794} Formulations containing glipizide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:11579 - 5 g

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  • Glipizide-d11 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of glipizide (Item No. 11579) by GC- or LC-MS. Glipizide is a hypoglycemic agent.{46791} It inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in primary mouse pancreatic β cells (IC50 = 6.4 nM). Glipizide induces insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic tissue with an EC50 value of 40 nM.{46792} Dietary administration of glipizide (5 mg/kg per day for 10 days) increases the number of insulin receptors on isolated and purified mouse liver plasma membranes.{46793} It reduces plasma glucose and triglyceride, but not total cholesterol, levels and increases plasma insulin levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) when administered orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg.{46794} Formulations containing glipizide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:30074 - 1 mg

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  • Glipizide-d11 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of glipizide (Item No. 11579) by GC- or LC-MS. Glipizide is a hypoglycemic agent.{46791} It inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in primary mouse pancreatic β cells (IC50 = 6.4 nM). Glipizide induces insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic tissue with an EC50 value of 40 nM.{46792} Dietary administration of glipizide (5 mg/kg per day for 10 days) increases the number of insulin receptors on isolated and purified mouse liver plasma membranes.{46793} It reduces plasma glucose and triglyceride, but not total cholesterol, levels and increases plasma insulin levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) when administered orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg.{46794} Formulations containing glipizide have been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:30074 - 500 µg

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  • Gliquidone is a second generation sulfonylurea that selectively inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channel currents (IKATP) in pancreatic β-cells (IC50s = 0.45, 119.1, and 149.7 µM for HIT-T15 cells, cardiomyocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively).{49421} It is also a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist (EC50 = 10 μM in a transactivation assay).{49422} Gliquidone (0.2 nmol/g) decreases plasma levels of D-glucose and stimulates insulin release in anesthetized rats.{49423} It decreases blood glucose levels, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and hepatic lipid peroxidation and increases hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg.{49424}  

     

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    SKU:29596 - 1 g

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  • Gliquidone is a second generation sulfonylurea that selectively inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channel currents (IKATP) in pancreatic β-cells (IC50s = 0.45, 119.1, and 149.7 µM for HIT-T15 cells, cardiomyocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively).{49421} It is also a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist (EC50 = 10 μM in a transactivation assay).{49422} Gliquidone (0.2 nmol/g) decreases plasma levels of D-glucose and stimulates insulin release in anesthetized rats.{49423} It decreases blood glucose levels, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and hepatic lipid peroxidation and increases hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg.{49424}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:29596 - 10 g

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  • Gliquidone is a second generation sulfonylurea that selectively inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channel currents (IKATP) in pancreatic β-cells (IC50s = 0.45, 119.1, and 149.7 µM for HIT-T15 cells, cardiomyocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively).{49421} It is also a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist (EC50 = 10 μM in a transactivation assay).{49422} Gliquidone (0.2 nmol/g) decreases plasma levels of D-glucose and stimulates insulin release in anesthetized rats.{49423} It decreases blood glucose levels, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and hepatic lipid peroxidation and increases hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg.{49424}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29596 - 5 g

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  • Gliquidone is a second generation sulfonylurea that selectively inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channel currents (IKATP) in pancreatic β-cells (IC50s = 0.45, 119.1, and 149.7 µM for HIT-T15 cells, cardiomyocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively).{49421} It is also a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist (EC50 = 10 μM in a transactivation assay).{49422} Gliquidone (0.2 nmol/g) decreases plasma levels of D-glucose and stimulates insulin release in anesthetized rats.{49423} It decreases blood glucose levels, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and hepatic lipid peroxidation and increases hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ; Item No. 13104) when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg.{49424}  

     

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    SKU:29596 - 500 mg

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  • Globosuxanthone A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from C. globosum.{48211} It is cytotoxic to various human solid tumor cell lines, including MCF-7, PC3, LNCap, and DU145 cells (IC50s = 1.3, 0.65, 1.5, and 1.2 µM, respectively). It induces accumulation of cells in the G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle in NCI-H460 and PC3M cells. Globosuxanthone A is also active against C. albicans but not S. aureus, E. coli, or M. hiemalis.{48212}  

     

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    SKU:27486 - 1 mg

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  • Globosuxanthone A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from C. globosum.{48211} It is cytotoxic to various human solid tumor cell lines, including MCF-7, PC3, LNCap, and DU145 cells (IC50s = 1.3, 0.65, 1.5, and 1.2 µM, respectively). It induces accumulation of cells in the G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle in NCI-H460 and PC3M cells. Globosuxanthone A is also active against C. albicans but not S. aureus, E. coli, or M. hiemalis.{48212}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:27486 - 5 mg

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  • Globosuxanthone A is a fungal metabolite originally isolated from C. globosum.{48211} It is cytotoxic to various human solid tumor cell lines, including MCF-7, PC3, LNCap, and DU145 cells (IC50s = 1.3, 0.65, 1.5, and 1.2 µM, respectively). It induces accumulation of cells in the G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle in NCI-H460 and PC3M cells. Globosuxanthone A is also active against C. albicans but not S. aureus, E. coli, or M. hiemalis.{48212}  

     

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    SKU:27486 - 500 µg

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  • Globotetraosylceramides (Item Nos. 24881) are bioactive neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the major glycolipids in human erythrocytes.{43016} They act as receptors for the Shiga toxins Stx1, Stx2, and Stx2e, the cytotoxic protein pierisin-1, and parvovirus B19.{43017,43018,43019} Globotetraosylceramides increase the expression of proteins responsible for enamel deposition, including ameloblastin, amelogenin, and enamelin, in dental epithelial cells and activate the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.{43020} Levels of globotetraosylceramides are elevated in fibroblasts from patients with salt and pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous condition characterized by intellectual disability and hyper- and hypo-pigmented skin.{43021} Globotetraosylceramide Polyclonal Antibody can be used for ELISA and TLC immunoblotting. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1960]  

     

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    SKU:28641 - 50 µl

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  • Immunogen: Purified globotetraosylceramide and complete Freund’s adjuvant • Host: Rabbit • Applications: ELISA and TLC immunoblotting  

     

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    SKU:28641- 50 µl

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  • Immunogen: Purified globotetraosylceramide and complete Freund’s adjuvant • Host: Rabbit • Applications: ELISA and TLC immunoblotting  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28641- 50 µl
  • Globotetraosylceramides are bioactive neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the major glycolipids in human erythrocytes.{43016} They act as receptors for the Shiga toxins Stx1, Stx2, and Stx2e, the cytotoxic protein pierisin-1, and parvovirus B19.{43017,43018,43019} Globotetraosylceramides increase the expression of proteins responsible for enamel deposition, including ameloblastin, amelogenin, and enamelin, in dental epithelial cells and activate the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.{43020} Levels of globotetraosylceramides are elevated in fibroblasts from patients with salt and pepper syndrome, a neurocutaneous condition characterized by intellectual disability and hyper- and hypo-pigmented skin.{43021} Globotetraosylceramides (porcine RBC) contains a mixture of globotetraosylceramides with variable fatty acyl chain lengths isolated from porcine red blood cells. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1068]  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:24881 - 5 mg

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  • Globotriaosycleramides are glycosphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes that are synthesized from lactosylceramides (Item No. 16983).{38975} They act as receptors for Shiga and Shiga-like toxins in vitro and in vivo.{38976} Globotriaosylceramides accumulate in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A.{38977} Globotriaosylceramides act as natural resistance factors to HIV infection, interacting with HIV gp120 to prevent its interaction with chemokine co-receptors and subsequent fusion of HIV to host cell membranes.{38975} This product contains a mixture of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing globotriaosylceramides isolated from porcine red blood cells (RBCs). [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1067]  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:24870 - 1 mg

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  • Globotriaosycleramides are glycosphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes that are synthesized from lactosylceramides (Item No. 16983).{38975} They act as receptors for Shiga and Shiga-like toxins in vitro and in vivo.{38976} Globotriaosylceramides accumulate in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A.{38977} Globotriaosylceramides act as natural resistance factors to HIV infection, interacting with HIV gp120 to prevent its interaction with chemokine co-receptors and subsequent fusion of HIV to host cell membranes.{38975} This product contains a mixture of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing globotriaosylceramides isolated from porcine red blood cells (RBCs). [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1067]  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:24870 - 10 mg

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  • Brand:
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    SKU:600572 - 125 µl

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  • Most histone lysine methyltransferases contain a conserved domain (SET) that utilizes S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM or AdoMet) as a co-factor to catalyze the methylation of the epsilon amino group of lysine. G9a-like protein (GLP) is a SET domain-containing methyltransferase that specifically mono- and di-methylates histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9). GLP and G9a function as major euchromatic H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 histone methyltransferases and also have been found to methylate several nonhistone substrates, including p53(K372). This fluorescence polarization assay is based upon a proprietary small molecule fluorescent probe* that binds to the SAM binding pocket in GLP. Binding of the small molecule probe to GLP induces an increase in fluorescence polarization. Binding of the probe can be competed with the endogenous cofactor SAM or by the inhibitor sinefungin, but is unaffected by the histone H3 peptide substrate. The GLP SAM-Screener™ Assay is robust (Z’ >0.5) and exhibits a greater than 100 mP shift over a range of 0-250 nM GLP. The assay is suitable for high-throughput screening in the provided 384-well plate or can be scaled to higher density plate formats (e.g., 1,536-well) if desired. *United States Patent 9,120,820  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:600570 - 1920 wells

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  • Most histone lysine methyltransferases contain a conserved domain (SET) that utilizes S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM or AdoMet) as a co-factor to catalyze the methylation of the epsilon amino group of lysine. G9a-like protein (GLP) is a SET domain-containing methyltransferase that specifically mono- and di-methylates histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9). GLP and G9a function as major euchromatic H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 histone methyltransferases and also have been found to methylate several nonhistone substrates, including p53(K372). This fluorescence polarization assay is based upon a proprietary small molecule fluorescent probe* that binds to the SAM binding pocket in GLP. Binding of the small molecule probe to GLP induces an increase in fluorescence polarization. Binding of the probe can be competed with the endogenous cofactor SAM or by the inhibitor sinefungin, but is unaffected by the histone H3 peptide substrate. The GLP SAM-Screener™ Assay is robust (Z’ >0.5) and exhibits a greater than 100 mP shift over a range of 0-250 nM GLP. The assay is suitable for high-throughput screening in the provided 384-well plate or can be scaled to higher density plate formats (e.g., 1,536-well) if desired. *United States Patent 9,120,820  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:600570 - 384 wells

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  • GLP-1R agonist DMB is an agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R; KB = 26.3 nM for the recombinant human receptor).{46660} It inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in BHK cells expressing the recombinant human receptor with an EC50 value of 101 nM.{46661} GLP-1R (100 and 1,000 nM) increases insulin levels induced by D-(+)-glucose (Item No. 23733) in pancreatic islets isolated from wild-type, but not Glp1r knockout, mice. It reduces fasting plasma glucose levels in mice when administered at a dose of 5 µmol/kg.{46662}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:29678 - 1 mg

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  • GLP-1R agonist DMB is an agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R; KB = 26.3 nM for the recombinant human receptor).{46660} It inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in BHK cells expressing the recombinant human receptor with an EC50 value of 101 nM.{46661} GLP-1R (100 and 1,000 nM) increases insulin levels induced by D-(+)-glucose (Item No. 23733) in pancreatic islets isolated from wild-type, but not Glp1r knockout, mice. It reduces fasting plasma glucose levels in mice when administered at a dose of 5 µmol/kg.{46662}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:29678 - 10 mg

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  • GLP-1R agonist DMB is an agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R; KB = 26.3 nM for the recombinant human receptor).{46660} It inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in BHK cells expressing the recombinant human receptor with an EC50 value of 101 nM.{46661} GLP-1R (100 and 1,000 nM) increases insulin levels induced by D-(+)-glucose (Item No. 23733) in pancreatic islets isolated from wild-type, but not Glp1r knockout, mice. It reduces fasting plasma glucose levels in mice when administered at a dose of 5 µmol/kg.{46662}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:29678 - 25 mg

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  • GLP-1R agonist DMB is an agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R; KB = 26.3 nM for the recombinant human receptor).{46660} It inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in BHK cells expressing the recombinant human receptor with an EC50 value of 101 nM.{46661} GLP-1R (100 and 1,000 nM) increases insulin levels induced by D-(+)-glucose (Item No. 23733) in pancreatic islets isolated from wild-type, but not Glp1r knockout, mice. It reduces fasting plasma glucose levels in mice when administered at a dose of 5 µmol/kg.{46662}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29678 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLPG0187 is a nonpeptide antagonist of αν integrin receptors (IC50s = 1.2-3.7 nM).{38088} It inhibits osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo in mice, which are all hallmarks of bone marrow invasion in metastatic prostate cancer. GLPG0187 reduces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of PC-3M-Pro4/luc cells in a dose-dependent manner without inhibiting cell growth. GLPG0187 also induces detachment and necrosis of GL-261 and SMA-560 murine glioma cells.{38089} Formulations containing GLPG0187 are being tested in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of high-grade gliomas and other advanced solid malignancies.{38090}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21792 -

    Out of stock

  • GLPG0187 is a nonpeptide antagonist of αν integrin receptors (IC50s = 1.2-3.7 nM).{38088} It inhibits osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo in mice, which are all hallmarks of bone marrow invasion in metastatic prostate cancer. GLPG0187 reduces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of PC-3M-Pro4/luc cells in a dose-dependent manner without inhibiting cell growth. GLPG0187 also induces detachment and necrosis of GL-261 and SMA-560 murine glioma cells.{38089} Formulations containing GLPG0187 are being tested in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of high-grade gliomas and other advanced solid malignancies.{38090}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21792 -

    Out of stock

  • GLPG0187 is a nonpeptide antagonist of αν integrin receptors (IC50s = 1.2-3.7 nM).{38088} It inhibits osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo in mice, which are all hallmarks of bone marrow invasion in metastatic prostate cancer. GLPG0187 reduces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of PC-3M-Pro4/luc cells in a dose-dependent manner without inhibiting cell growth. GLPG0187 also induces detachment and necrosis of GL-261 and SMA-560 murine glioma cells.{38089} Formulations containing GLPG0187 are being tested in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of high-grade gliomas and other advanced solid malignancies.{38090}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21792 -

    Out of stock

  • GLPG0492 is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM).{53473} It activates the androgen receptor in a transactivation assay (EC50 = 12 nM in HeLa cells expressing the human receptor). GLPG0492 (10 mg/kg per day) increases levator ani muscle weight, a marker of anabolic activity, but has no effect on ventral prostate weight, a marker of androgenic activity, in castrated rats. It increases twitch tension in isolated diaphragm strips, as well as increases the total distance run in a treadmill test and decreases gastrocnemius muscle fibrosis in the exercised-mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy when administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg.{53474} GLPG0492 also reverses immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in a mouse model of hindlimb immobilization.{53475}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29938 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLPG0974 is an antagonist of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2/GPR43; IC50 = 9 nM).{46506} It is selective for FFAR2 over FFAR3 at concentrations up to 30 μM and over a panel of 55 receptors, ion channels, and transporters at 10 μM. GLPG0974 inhibits acetate-induced migration of isolated human neutrophils in buffer or plasma (IC50s = 27 and 43 nM, respectively), as well as acetate-induced expression of CD11b activation-specific epitope on neutrophils in isolated human whole blood (IC50 = 438 nM). GLPG0974 also inhibits a human FFAR2-based designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (hFFAR2-DREADD; IC50 = 36.31 nM in a cell-based β-arrestin-2 recruitment assay).{46507} It inhibits glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion induced by the hFFA2-DREADD ligand sorbic acid in isolated colonic crypts from mice expressing hemagglutinin-tagged hFFAR2-DREADD when used at a concentration of 10 μM.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28108 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLPG0974 is an antagonist of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2/GPR43; IC50 = 9 nM).{46506} It is selective for FFAR2 over FFAR3 at concentrations up to 30 μM and over a panel of 55 receptors, ion channels, and transporters at 10 μM. GLPG0974 inhibits acetate-induced migration of isolated human neutrophils in buffer or plasma (IC50s = 27 and 43 nM, respectively), as well as acetate-induced expression of CD11b activation-specific epitope on neutrophils in isolated human whole blood (IC50 = 438 nM). GLPG0974 also inhibits a human FFAR2-based designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (hFFAR2-DREADD; IC50 = 36.31 nM in a cell-based β-arrestin-2 recruitment assay).{46507} It inhibits glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion induced by the hFFA2-DREADD ligand sorbic acid in isolated colonic crypts from mice expressing hemagglutinin-tagged hFFAR2-DREADD when used at a concentration of 10 μM.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28108 - 5 mg

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  • GLP1690 is a potent inhibitor of autotaxin (Ki = 15 nM).{36941} It inhibits the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in mouse, rat, and human plasma (IC50s = 418, 542, and 242 nM, respectively). GLPG1690 (30 mg/kg) reduces extracellular matrix deposition in the lung as well as LPA 18:2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (Item No. 13877).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25498 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLP1690 is a potent inhibitor of autotaxin (Ki = 15 nM).{36941} It inhibits the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in mouse, rat, and human plasma (IC50s = 418, 542, and 242 nM, respectively). GLPG1690 (30 mg/kg) reduces extracellular matrix deposition in the lung as well as LPA 18:2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (Item No. 13877).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25498 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLP1690 is a potent inhibitor of autotaxin (Ki = 15 nM).{36941} It inhibits the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in mouse, rat, and human plasma (IC50s = 418, 542, and 242 nM, respectively). GLPG1690 (30 mg/kg) reduces extracellular matrix deposition in the lung as well as LPA 18:2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (Item No. 13877).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25498 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLP1690 is a potent inhibitor of autotaxin (Ki = 15 nM).{36941} It inhibits the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in mouse, rat, and human plasma (IC50s = 418, 542, and 242 nM, respectively). GLPG1690 (30 mg/kg) reduces extracellular matrix deposition in the lung as well as LPA 18:2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (Item No. 13877).  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25498 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLPG1837 is a potentiator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).{52061,52059} It increases forskolin-induced opening of wild-type and mutant CFTRs expressing the F508 deletion (F508del) and G551D missense mutations with EC50 values of 88, 3, and 339 nM, respectively, in a reporter assay. GLPG1837 increases forskolin-induced conductivity of patient-derived bronchial epithelial cells expressing both F508del- and G551D-mutant CFTRs (EC50 = 159 nM in a transepithelial clamp circuit (TECC) assay).{52061}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9003143 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLPG1837 is a potentiator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).{52061,52059} It increases forskolin-induced opening of wild-type and mutant CFTRs expressing the F508 deletion (F508del) and G551D missense mutations with EC50 values of 88, 3, and 339 nM, respectively, in a reporter assay. GLPG1837 increases forskolin-induced conductivity of patient-derived bronchial epithelial cells expressing both F508del- and G551D-mutant CFTRs (EC50 = 159 nM in a transepithelial clamp circuit (TECC) assay).{52061}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9003143 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLPG1837 is a potentiator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).{52061,52059} It increases forskolin-induced opening of wild-type and mutant CFTRs expressing the F508 deletion (F508del) and G551D missense mutations with EC50 values of 88, 3, and 339 nM, respectively, in a reporter assay. GLPG1837 increases forskolin-induced conductivity of patient-derived bronchial epithelial cells expressing both F508del- and G551D-mutant CFTRs (EC50 = 159 nM in a transepithelial clamp circuit (TECC) assay).{52061}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9003143 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLPG1837 is a potentiator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).{52061,52059} It increases forskolin-induced opening of wild-type and mutant CFTRs expressing the F508 deletion (F508del) and G551D missense mutations with EC50 values of 88, 3, and 339 nM, respectively, in a reporter assay. GLPG1837 increases forskolin-induced conductivity of patient-derived bronchial epithelial cells expressing both F508del- and G551D-mutant CFTRs (EC50 = 159 nM in a transepithelial clamp circuit (TECC) assay).{52061}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:9003143 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLS1 inhibitor is an inhibitor of glutaminase 1 (GLS1; IC50 = 0.021 μM).{50176} It inhibits the growth of NCI H1703 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro (GI50 = 0.011 μM). GLS1 inhibitor (100 mg/kg) reduces tumor growth, increases tumor levels of glutamine, and decreases tumor levels of glutamate and aspartate in an NCI H1703 mouse xenograft model.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28581 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLS1 inhibitor is an inhibitor of glutaminase 1 (GLS1; IC50 = 0.021 μM).{50176} It inhibits the growth of NCI H1703 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro (GI50 = 0.011 μM). GLS1 inhibitor (100 mg/kg) reduces tumor growth, increases tumor levels of glutamine, and decreases tumor levels of glutamate and aspartate in an NCI H1703 mouse xenograft model.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28581 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLS1 inhibitor is an inhibitor of glutaminase 1 (GLS1; IC50 = 0.021 μM).{50176} It inhibits the growth of NCI H1703 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in vitro (GI50 = 0.011 μM). GLS1 inhibitor (100 mg/kg) reduces tumor growth, increases tumor levels of glutamine, and decreases tumor levels of glutamate and aspartate in an NCI H1703 mouse xenograft model.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28581 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced from proglucagon in pancreatic α cells that has a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism.{41561} Pulsatile application of glucagon to rat hepatocytes stimulates glucose production ex vivo.{41562} It also stimulates glucose output from perfused rat livers via increases in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and decreases in glycolysis as well as increases plasma glucose levels in rats.{41561,41563} Glucagon secretion is suppressed in response to food intake in normal rats and humans but is maintained or elevated in humans with type 2 diabetes.{41561}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24204 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced from proglucagon in pancreatic α cells that has a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism.{41561} Pulsatile application of glucagon to rat hepatocytes stimulates glucose production ex vivo.{41562} It also stimulates glucose output from perfused rat livers via increases in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and decreases in glycolysis as well as increases plasma glucose levels in rats.{41561,41563} Glucagon secretion is suppressed in response to food intake in normal rats and humans but is maintained or elevated in humans with type 2 diabetes.{41561}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24204 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced from proglucagon in pancreatic α cells that has a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism.{41561} Pulsatile application of glucagon to rat hepatocytes stimulates glucose production ex vivo.{41562} It also stimulates glucose output from perfused rat livers via increases in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and decreases in glycolysis as well as increases plasma glucose levels in rats.{41561,41563} Glucagon secretion is suppressed in response to food intake in normal rats and humans but is maintained or elevated in humans with type 2 diabetes.{41561}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24204 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced from proglucagon in pancreatic α cells that has a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism.{41561} Pulsatile application of glucagon to rat hepatocytes stimulates glucose production ex vivo.{41562} It also stimulates glucose output from perfused rat livers via increases in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and decreases in glycolysis as well as increases plasma glucose levels in rats.{41561,41563} Glucagon secretion is suppressed in response to food intake in normal rats and humans but is maintained or elevated in humans with type 2 diabetes.{41561}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:24204 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucagon receptor antagonist 4 is an antagonist of the glucagon receptor (GCGR; Ki = 14 nM for the human recombinant receptor).{42993} It is greater than 230-fold selective for GCGR over the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor, as well as a panel of 69 receptors, ion channels, uptake sites, and enzymes at 10 µM. Glucagon receptor antagonist 4 prevents glucagon-induced increases in glucose levels in rat blood when administered at doses of 7.5 and 75 mg/kg.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22164 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucagon receptor antagonist 4 is an antagonist of the glucagon receptor (GCGR; Ki = 14 nM for the human recombinant receptor).{42993} It is greater than 230-fold selective for GCGR over the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor, as well as a panel of 69 receptors, ion channels, uptake sites, and enzymes at 10 µM. Glucagon receptor antagonist 4 prevents glucagon-induced increases in glucose levels in rat blood when administered at doses of 7.5 and 75 mg/kg.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22164 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucagon receptor antagonist 4 is an antagonist of the glucagon receptor (GCGR; Ki = 14 nM for the human recombinant receptor).{42993} It is greater than 230-fold selective for GCGR over the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor, as well as a panel of 69 receptors, ion channels, uptake sites, and enzymes at 10 µM. Glucagon receptor antagonist 4 prevents glucagon-induced increases in glucose levels in rat blood when administered at doses of 7.5 and 75 mg/kg.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22164 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucagon receptor antagonist 4 is an antagonist of the glucagon receptor (GCGR; Ki = 14 nM for the human recombinant receptor).{42993} It is greater than 230-fold selective for GCGR over the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor, as well as a panel of 69 receptors, ion channels, uptake sites, and enzymes at 10 µM. Glucagon receptor antagonist 4 prevents glucagon-induced increases in glucose levels in rat blood when administered at doses of 7.5 and 75 mg/kg.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:22164 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucagon receptor antagonist I is a competitive antagonist of the glucagon receptor (GCGR; IC50 = 181 nM).{33305} It blocks glucagon-induced glycogenolysis in primary human hepatocytes and isolated liver.{33305} Glucagon receptor antagonist I, at 50 mg/kg, reduces the increase in glucose levels observed after intraperitoneal administration of glucagon in humanized mice.{33305} Glucagon receptor antagonist inactive control (Item No. 21188) does not prevent glucagon-mediated actions.{33305}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21223 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucagon receptor antagonist I is a competitive antagonist of the glucagon receptor (GCGR; IC50 = 181 nM).{33305} It blocks glucagon-induced glycogenolysis in primary human hepatocytes and isolated liver.{33305} Glucagon receptor antagonist I, at 50 mg/kg, reduces the increase in glucose levels observed after intraperitoneal administration of glucagon in humanized mice.{33305} Glucagon receptor antagonist inactive control (Item No. 21188) does not prevent glucagon-mediated actions.{33305}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21223 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucagon receptor antagonist I is a competitive antagonist of the glucagon receptor (GCGR; IC50 = 181 nM).{33305} It blocks glucagon-induced glycogenolysis in primary human hepatocytes and isolated liver.{33305} Glucagon receptor antagonist I, at 50 mg/kg, reduces the increase in glucose levels observed after intraperitoneal administration of glucagon in humanized mice.{33305} Glucagon receptor antagonist inactive control (Item No. 21188) does not prevent glucagon-mediated actions.{33305}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21223 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucagon receptor antagonist inactive control is an analog of glucagon receptor antagonist I (Item No. 21223).{33305} It inhibits glucagon binding to the glucagon receptor (GCGR) by only 20% in CHO cells expressing human GCGR when used at a concentration of 10 µM. Glucagon receptor antagonist inactive control has no effect on glucagon-induced glycogenolysis in primary human hepatocytes when used at concentrations of 10 or 30 µM.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21188 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucagon receptor antagonist inactive control is an analog of glucagon receptor antagonist I (Item No. 21223).{33305} It inhibits glucagon binding to the glucagon receptor (GCGR) by only 20% in CHO cells expressing human GCGR when used at a concentration of 10 µM. Glucagon receptor antagonist inactive control has no effect on glucagon-induced glycogenolysis in primary human hepatocytes when used at concentrations of 10 or 30 µM.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21188 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucocerebrosides are formed by the tethering of glucose to a ceramide by glucosylceramide synthase.{41133} They are present in neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian tissues and are found at low quantities in a large number of plant species, where they comprise 5-30% of total lipids in the plant plasma membrane, and in fungi.{41133,41134,59454} Glucocerebroside levels decrease during cold acclimatization in plants and glucocerebrosides in fungi are involved in the regulation of virulence and act as elicitors in plants, stimulating plant defense mechanisms.{59454,59455} Glucocerebrosides are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramides and gangliosides. Increased levels of glucocerebrosides are associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice and with neuronal deficits observed in neuronopathic Gaucher disease.{41133,41135} This product is a mixture of glucocerebrosides, with variable ceramide chain lengths, isolated from the spleen of a human with Gaucher’s disease. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1057]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23207 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocerebrosides are formed by the tethering of glucose to a ceramide by glucosylceramide synthase.{41133} They are present in neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian tissues and are found at low quantities in a large number of plant species, where they comprise 5-30% of total lipids in the plant plasma membrane, and in fungi.{41133,41134,59454} Glucocerebroside levels decrease during cold acclimatization in plants and glucocerebrosides in fungi are involved in the regulation of virulence and act as elicitors in plants, stimulating plant defense mechanisms.{59454,59455} Glucocerebrosides are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramides and gangliosides. Increased levels of glucocerebrosides are associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice and with neuronal deficits observed in neuronopathic Gaucher disease.{41133,41135} This product is a mixture of glucocerebrosides, with variable ceramide chain lengths, isolated from the spleen of a human with Gaucher’s disease. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1057]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23207 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocerebrosides are formed by the tethering of glucose to a ceramide by glucosylceramide synthase.{41133} They are present in neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian tissues and are found at low quantities in a large number of plant species, where they comprise 5-30% of total lipids in the plant plasma membrane, and in fungi.{41133,41134,59454} Glucocerebroside levels decrease during cold acclimatization in plants and glucocerebrosides in fungi are involved in the regulation of virulence and act as elicitors in plants, stimulating plant defense mechanisms.{59454,59455} Glucocerebrosides are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramides and gangliosides. Increased levels of glucocerebrosides are associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice and with neuronal deficits observed in neuronopathic Gaucher disease.{41133,41135} This product is a mixture of glucocerebrosides, with variable ceramide chain lengths, isolated from the spleen of a human with Gaucher’s disease. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1057]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23207 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocerebrosides are formed by the tethering of glucose to a ceramide by glucosylceramide synthase.{41133} They are present in neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian tissues and are found at low quantities in a large number of plant species, where they comprise 5-30% of total lipids in the plant plasma membrane, and in fungi.{41133,41134,59454} Glucocerebroside levels decrease during cold acclimatization in plants and glucocerebrosides in fungi are involved in the regulation of virulence and act as elicitors in plants, stimulating plant defense mechanisms.{59454,59455} Glucocerebrosides are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramides and gangliosides. Increased levels of glucocerebrosides are associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice and with neuronal deficits observed in neuronopathic Gaucher disease.{41133,41135} This product is a mixture of glucocerebrosides, with variable ceramide chain lengths, isolated from the spleen of a human with Gaucher’s disease. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1057]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:23207 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocerebrosides are formed by the tethering of glucose to a ceramide by glucosylceramide synthase.{41133} They are present in neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian tissues and are found at low quantities in a large number of plant species, where they comprise 5-30% of total lipids in the plant plasma membrane, and in fungi.{41133,41134,59454} Glucocerebroside levels decrease during cold acclimatization in plants and glucocerebrosides in fungi are involved in the regulation of virulence and act as elicitors in plants, stimulating plant defense mechanisms.{59454,59455} Glucocerebrosides are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramides and gangliosides. Increased levels of glucocerebrosides are associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice and with neuronal deficits observed in neuronopathic Gaucher disease.{41133,41135} This product is a mixture of glucocerebrosides, with variable ceramide chain lengths, isolated from soy. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1522]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25850 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocerebrosides are formed by the tethering of glucose to a ceramide by glucosylceramide synthase.{41133} They are present in neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian tissues and are found at low quantities in a large number of plant species, where they comprise 5-30% of total lipids in the plant plasma membrane, and in fungi.{41133,41134,59454} Glucocerebroside levels decrease during cold acclimatization in plants and glucocerebrosides in fungi are involved in the regulation of virulence and act as elicitors in plants, stimulating plant defense mechanisms.{59454,59455} Glucocerebrosides are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramides and gangliosides. Increased levels of glucocerebrosides are associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice and with neuronal deficits observed in neuronopathic Gaucher disease.{41133,41135} This product is a mixture of glucocerebrosides, with variable ceramide chain lengths, isolated from soy. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1522]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25850 - 100 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocerebrosides are formed by the tethering of glucose to a ceramide by glucosylceramide synthase.{41133} They are present in neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian tissues and are found at low quantities in a large number of plant species, where they comprise 5-30% of total lipids in the plant plasma membrane, and in fungi.{41133,41134,59454} Glucocerebroside levels decrease during cold acclimatization in plants and glucocerebrosides in fungi are involved in the regulation of virulence and act as elicitors in plants, stimulating plant defense mechanisms.{59454,59455} Glucocerebrosides are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramides and gangliosides. Increased levels of glucocerebrosides are associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice and with neuronal deficits observed in neuronopathic Gaucher disease.{41133,41135} This product is a mixture of glucocerebrosides, with variable ceramide chain lengths, isolated from soy. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1522]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25850 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocerebrosides are formed by the tethering of glucose to a ceramide by glucosylceramide synthase.{41133} They are present in neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian tissues and are found at low quantities in a large number of plant species, where they comprise 5-30% of total lipids in the plant plasma membrane, and in fungi.{41133,41134,59454} Glucocerebroside levels decrease during cold acclimatization in plants and glucocerebrosides in fungi are involved in the regulation of virulence and act as elicitors in plants, stimulating plant defense mechanisms.{59454,59455} Glucocerebrosides are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramides and gangliosides. Increased levels of glucocerebrosides are associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice and with neuronal deficits observed in neuronopathic Gaucher disease.{41133,41135} This product is a mixture of glucocerebrosides, with variable ceramide chain lengths, isolated from soy. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1522]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25850 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocorticoid resistance inhibitor is an inhibitor of glucocorticoid resistance.{41940} It inhibits cell growth of the T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell line CUTTL1 when used in combination with dexamethasone (EC50 = 28 µM) and is less effective when used alone (EC50 = 294 µM). Glucocorticoid resistance inhibitor (6.25-50 µM) preferentially inhibits growth of CUTTL1 cells expressing high levels of the glucocorticoid receptor over cells expressing low levels. It upregulates the gene expression and protein levels of the glucocorticoid receptor and induces expression of dexamethasone-regulated genes when used in combination with dexamethasone but not when used alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25553 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocorticoid resistance inhibitor is an inhibitor of glucocorticoid resistance.{41940} It inhibits cell growth of the T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell line CUTTL1 when used in combination with dexamethasone (EC50 = 28 µM) and is less effective when used alone (EC50 = 294 µM). Glucocorticoid resistance inhibitor (6.25-50 µM) preferentially inhibits growth of CUTTL1 cells expressing high levels of the glucocorticoid receptor over cells expressing low levels. It upregulates the gene expression and protein levels of the glucocorticoid receptor and induces expression of dexamethasone-regulated genes when used in combination with dexamethasone but not when used alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25553 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocorticoid resistance inhibitor is an inhibitor of glucocorticoid resistance.{41940} It inhibits cell growth of the T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell line CUTTL1 when used in combination with dexamethasone (EC50 = 28 µM) and is less effective when used alone (EC50 = 294 µM). Glucocorticoid resistance inhibitor (6.25-50 µM) preferentially inhibits growth of CUTTL1 cells expressing high levels of the glucocorticoid receptor over cells expressing low levels. It upregulates the gene expression and protein levels of the glucocorticoid receptor and induces expression of dexamethasone-regulated genes when used in combination with dexamethasone but not when used alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25553 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glucocorticoid resistance inhibitor is an inhibitor of glucocorticoid resistance.{41940} It inhibits cell growth of the T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell line CUTTL1 when used in combination with dexamethasone (EC50 = 28 µM) and is less effective when used alone (EC50 = 294 µM). Glucocorticoid resistance inhibitor (6.25-50 µM) preferentially inhibits growth of CUTTL1 cells expressing high levels of the glucocorticoid receptor over cells expressing low levels. It upregulates the gene expression and protein levels of the glucocorticoid receptor and induces expression of dexamethasone-regulated genes when used in combination with dexamethasone but not when used alone.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:25553 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10010098 - 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Glucose, a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is the most important carbohydrate in biology. Transported via the blood stream, it is the primary source of energy for the body’s cells. Glucose level is tightly regulated in the human body. Failure to maintain blood glucose in the normal range leads to conditions of persistently high (hyperglycemia) or low (hypoglycemia) blood sugar. Diabetes mellitus, characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, is the most prominent disease related to failure of blood sugar regulation. Cayman’s Glucose Colorimetric Assay Kit provides a simple, reproducible, and sensitive tool for assaying glucose in plasma, serum, and urine. The glucose assay uses the glucose oxidase-peroxide reaction for the determination of glucose concentrations. In this assay, glucose is oxidized to δ-gluconolactone with concomitant reduction of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent enzyme glucose oxidase. The reduced form of glucose oxidase is regenerated to its oxidized form by molecular oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide. Finally, with horseradish peroxidase as a catalyst, hydrogen peroxide reacts with 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid and 4-aminoantipyrine to generate a pink dye with an optimal absorption at 514 nm.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10009582 - 2 x 96 wells

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  • Glucose metabolism is a primary source of energy and biomaterials for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. Extra glucose is stored in the muscles and liver as glycogen which is hydrolyzed to glucose and released into the blood when needed. The rate of glucose uptake in cells is dynamic and tightly regulated by hormones and/or growth factors including insulin. Cancer cells exhibit increased glucose uptake and metabolism by aerobic glycolysis in order to support a high rate of proliferation. Chemicals that block glucose uptake by cancer cells have been shown to have anti-cancer effects. Cayman’s Glucose Uptake Cell-based Assay Kit provides a convenient tool for studying modulators of cellular glucose uptake. The kit employs 2-NBDG, a fluorescently labeled deoxyglucose analog, as a probe for the detection of glucose taken up by cultured cells. Apigenin, a flavonoid that has been reported to be an inhibitor of glucose transport, is included as a control.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:600470 - 1 ea

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  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the pentose phosphate pathway. This pathway includes converting glucose to ribose-5-phosphate, a precursor to RNA, DNA, ATP, CoA, NAD, and FAD. The pathway also generates NADPH. G6PDH deficiency, the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide, causes a spectrum of diseases including neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, acute hemolysis, and chronic hemolysis. G6PDH activity has been shown to be upregulated in rat and mouse models of obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Cayman’s Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Assay provides a fluorescence-based method for detecting G6PDH activity in a variety of samples including erythrocyte lysates, tissue homogenates, and cell culture samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700300 - 96 wells

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  • Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) plays a key role in the homeostatic regulation of blood glucose levels by participating in glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and can be metabolized to NADPH, enabling protection against oxidative damage. Disruption of G6P activity leads to glycogen storage disease type I or von Gierke’s disease, a group of inherited metabolic diseases characterized by severe hypoglycemia, growth retardation, and hepatomegaly, due to accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver. Cayman’s Glucose-6-Phosphate Fluorometric Assay provides a fluorescence-based method for detecting G6P in tissue homogenates and cell culture samples. In the assay, G6PDH catalyzes the oxidation of G6P to 6-phospho-D-gluconate, along with the concomitant reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH reacts with the fluorometric detector to yield a highly fluorescent product which can be analyzed with an excitation wavelength of 530-540 nm and an emission wavelength of 585-595 nm.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:700750 - 96 wells

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  • Glucotropaeolin is a glucosinolate that has been found in cruciferous plants such as L. sativum.{36729} It has antiprotozoal activity against HM1-IMSS E. histolytica, reducing the number of trophozoites with an IC50 value of 20.4 µg/ml.{36730} Dietary administration of glucotropaeolin (1,000 mg/kg), unlike administration of whole glucosinolate extract, does not induce the activity of anticarcinogenic mixed-function oxidases in rat large intestines.{36731} Glucotropaeolin is inactive against the fungi F. culmorum and does not have antitumor activity, however, it is metabolized into isothiocyanate products that have these activities.{36729,36732}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21463 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucotropaeolin is a glucosinolate that has been found in cruciferous plants such as L. sativum.{36729} It has antiprotozoal activity against HM1-IMSS E. histolytica, reducing the number of trophozoites with an IC50 value of 20.4 µg/ml.{36730} Dietary administration of glucotropaeolin (1,000 mg/kg), unlike administration of whole glucosinolate extract, does not induce the activity of anticarcinogenic mixed-function oxidases in rat large intestines.{36731} Glucotropaeolin is inactive against the fungi F. culmorum and does not have antitumor activity, however, it is metabolized into isothiocyanate products that have these activities.{36729,36732}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21463 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucotropaeolin is a glucosinolate that has been found in cruciferous plants such as L. sativum.{36729} It has antiprotozoal activity against HM1-IMSS E. histolytica, reducing the number of trophozoites with an IC50 value of 20.4 µg/ml.{36730} Dietary administration of glucotropaeolin (1,000 mg/kg), unlike administration of whole glucosinolate extract, does not induce the activity of anticarcinogenic mixed-function oxidases in rat large intestines.{36731} Glucotropaeolin is inactive against the fungi F. culmorum and does not have antitumor activity, however, it is metabolized into isothiocyanate products that have these activities.{36729,36732}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21463 -

    Out of stock

  • Glucotropaeolin is a glucosinolate that has been found in cruciferous plants such as L. sativum.{36729} It has antiprotozoal activity against HM1-IMSS E. histolytica, reducing the number of trophozoites with an IC50 value of 20.4 µg/ml.{36730} Dietary administration of glucotropaeolin (1,000 mg/kg), unlike administration of whole glucosinolate extract, does not induce the activity of anticarcinogenic mixed-function oxidases in rat large intestines.{36731} Glucotropaeolin is inactive against the fungi F. culmorum and does not have antitumor activity, however, it is metabolized into isothiocyanate products that have these activities.{36729,36732}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:21463 -

    Out of stock

  • Glufosinate is a racemic mixture of D- and L-phosphinothricin. L-Phosphinothricin is a naturally-occurring bacterial amino acid that irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS), resulting in death in green plants.{26993} The ammonium salt of glufosinate is widely known as phosphinothricin, or PPT, and used as the active ingredient in broad-spectrum herbicides.{26993,27245} Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, encoded by the bar gene, converts PPT to a GS-inactive form. As a result, the bar gene is used as a selectable marker for genetic engineering in plants.{27244} As it confers resistance to the herbicide glufosinate rather than to an antibiotic, the bar gene may be preferred for selection of components for biological therapies, such as vaccines.{27246}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Glufosinate is a racemic mixture of D- and L-phosphinothricin. L-Phosphinothricin is a naturally-occurring bacterial amino acid that irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS), resulting in death in green plants.{26993} The ammonium salt of glufosinate is widely known as phosphinothricin, or PPT, and used as the active ingredient in broad-spectrum herbicides.{26993,27245} Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, encoded by the bar gene, converts PPT to a GS-inactive form. As a result, the bar gene is used as a selectable marker for genetic engineering in plants.{27244} As it confers resistance to the herbicide glufosinate rather than to an antibiotic, the bar gene may be preferred for selection of components for biological therapies, such as vaccines.{27246}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Glufosinate is a racemic mixture of D- and L-phosphinothricin. L-Phosphinothricin is a naturally-occurring bacterial amino acid that irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS), resulting in death in green plants.{26993} The ammonium salt of glufosinate is widely known as phosphinothricin, or PPT, and used as the active ingredient in broad-spectrum herbicides.{26993,27245} Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, encoded by the bar gene, converts PPT to a GS-inactive form. As a result, the bar gene is used as a selectable marker for genetic engineering in plants.{27244} As it confers resistance to the herbicide glufosinate rather than to an antibiotic, the bar gene may be preferred for selection of components for biological therapies, such as vaccines.{27246}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Glufosinate is a racemic mixture of D- and L-phosphinothricin. L-Phosphinothricin is a naturally-occurring bacterial amino acid that irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS), resulting in death in green plants.{26993} The ammonium salt of glufosinate is widely known as phosphinothricin, or PPT, and used as the active ingredient in broad-spectrum herbicides.{26993,27245} Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, encoded by the bar gene, converts PPT to a GS-inactive form. As a result, the bar gene is used as a selectable marker for genetic engineering in plants.{27244} As it confers resistance to the herbicide glufosinate rather than to an antibiotic, the bar gene may be preferred for selection of components for biological therapies, such as vaccines.{27246}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Glumetinib is a potent inhibitor of c-Met (IC50 = 0.42 nM).{52121} It is greater than 2,400-fold selective for c-Met over a panel of 312 kinases. Glumetinib (0.001-1 μM) inhibits c-Met phosphorylation in and proliferation of MET-overexpressing EBC-1 lung and MKN45 gastric cancer cells. It inhibits NCI H441 cell motility and invasion induced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) when used at a concentration of 10 nM. Glumetinib (2.5-10 mg/kg) reduces tumor volume in MKN45, SNU-5, and EBC-1 mouse xenograft models. It also reduces tumor growth in MET amplification-containing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28952 - 1 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glumetinib is a potent inhibitor of c-Met (IC50 = 0.42 nM).{52121} It is greater than 2,400-fold selective for c-Met over a panel of 312 kinases. Glumetinib (0.001-1 μM) inhibits c-Met phosphorylation in and proliferation of MET-overexpressing EBC-1 lung and MKN45 gastric cancer cells. It inhibits NCI H441 cell motility and invasion induced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) when used at a concentration of 10 nM. Glumetinib (2.5-10 mg/kg) reduces tumor volume in MKN45, SNU-5, and EBC-1 mouse xenograft models. It also reduces tumor growth in MET amplification-containing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28952 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glumetinib is a potent inhibitor of c-Met (IC50 = 0.42 nM).{52121} It is greater than 2,400-fold selective for c-Met over a panel of 312 kinases. Glumetinib (0.001-1 μM) inhibits c-Met phosphorylation in and proliferation of MET-overexpressing EBC-1 lung and MKN45 gastric cancer cells. It inhibits NCI H441 cell motility and invasion induced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) when used at a concentration of 10 nM. Glumetinib (2.5-10 mg/kg) reduces tumor volume in MKN45, SNU-5, and EBC-1 mouse xenograft models. It also reduces tumor growth in MET amplification-containing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28952 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • Glumetinib is a potent inhibitor of c-Met (IC50 = 0.42 nM).{52121} It is greater than 2,400-fold selective for c-Met over a panel of 312 kinases. Glumetinib (0.001-1 μM) inhibits c-Met phosphorylation in and proliferation of MET-overexpressing EBC-1 lung and MKN45 gastric cancer cells. It inhibits NCI H441 cell motility and invasion induced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) when used at a concentration of 10 nM. Glumetinib (2.5-10 mg/kg) reduces tumor volume in MKN45, SNU-5, and EBC-1 mouse xenograft models. It also reduces tumor growth in MET amplification-containing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:28952 - 5 mg

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  • Antigen: phosphopeptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding the phospho-Ser831 of GluR1 • Host: rabbit • Cross Reactivity: (+) rat GluR1 • Application(s): WB • The AMPAR are comprised of four distinct GluR subunits designated (GluR1-4), which play key roles in virtually all excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. The GluR1 subunit is potentiated by phosphorylation at Ser831 which has been shown to be mediated by either PKC or CaM kinase II. Phosphorylation of this site has also been linked to synaptic plasticity as well as learning and memory.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10602- 1 ea
  • The ion channels activated by glutamate are typically divided into two classes. Those that are sensitive to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) are designated NMDA receptors (NMDAR) while those activated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxalone propionic acid (AMPA) are known as AMPA receptors (AMPAR). The AMPAR are comprised of four distinct glutamate receptor subunits designated (GluR1-4) and they play key roles in virtually all excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. The GluR1 subunit is widely expressed throughout the nervous system. GluR1 is potentiated by phosphorylation at Ser831 which has been shown to be mediated by either PKC or CaM kinase II. In addition, phosphorylation of this site has been linked to synaptic plasticity as well as learning and memory.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10602 - 1 ea

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  • Antigen: phosphopeptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding the phospho-Ser831 of GluR1 • Host: rabbit • Cross Reactivity: (+) rat GluR1 • Application(s): WB • The AMPAR are comprised of four distinct GluR subunits designated (GluR1-4), which play key roles in virtually all excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. The GluR1 subunit is potentiated by phosphorylation at Ser831 which has been shown to be mediated by either PKC or CaM kinase II. Phosphorylation of this site has also been linked to synaptic plasticity as well as learning and memory.  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:10602- 1 ea

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  • Immunogen: Phosphopeptide corresponding to amino residues surrounding the phospho-Ser845 of rat GluR1 • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Mouse, rat, turtle • Cross Reactivity: (+) GluR1 (phosphor-Ser845); (-) Non-phosphorylated GluR1 • Applications: IHC, WB • MW: ~100 kDa  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10601- 1 ea
  • GluR1 is a subunit of the AMPA ionotropic glutamate receptor, which is responsible for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS.{59665} AMPA receptors are composed of four subunits, GluR1, GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4, which combine into heterotetramers to form a cation-permeable pore in the plasma membrane. Each subunit has two isoforms with the primary isoform designated as flip and a second isoform generated through alternative splicing designated as flop.{59667,52879} The GluR1 flip and flop isoforms do not affect desensitization or channel opening and closing kinetics.{52879} GluR1 can be phosphorylated by PKA at serine 845 (Ser845), which increases the peak open probability of the ion channel, and dephosphorylation is required for AMPA receptor endocytosis.{59665} GluR1 (phospho-Ser845) levels increase in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) following cocaine-cue extinction.{59666} Levels of GluR1 (phospho-Ser845) are reduced following NMDA receptor activation in rat hippocampal slices and by amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers in primary mouse neurons.{59668,59669} Cayman’s GluR1 (Phospho-Ser845) Polyclonal Antibody can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes Glur1 (phosphor-Ser845) at approximately 100 kDa from mouse, rat, and turtle samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10601 - 1 ea

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  • Immunogen: Phosphopeptide corresponding to amino residues surrounding the phospho-Ser845 of rat GluR1 • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Mouse, rat, turtle • Cross Reactivity: (+) GluR1 (phosphor-Ser845); (-) Non-phosphorylated GluR1 • Applications: IHC, WB • MW: ~100 kDa  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10601- 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • GluR1 is a subunit of the AMPA ionotropic glutamate receptor, which is responsible for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS.{59665} AMPA receptors are composed of four subunits, GluR1, GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4, which combine into heterotetramers to form a cation-permeable pore in the plasma membrane. Each subunit has two isoforms with the primary isoform designated as flip and a second isoform generated through alternative splicing designated as flop.{59667,52879} The GluR1 flip and flop isoforms do not affect desensitization or channel opening and closing kinetics.{52879} GluR1 can be phosphorylated by PKA at serine 845 (Ser845), which increases the peak open probability of the ion channel, and dephosphorylation is required for AMPA receptor endocytosis.{59665} GluR1 (phospho-Ser845) levels increase in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) following cocaine-cue extinction.{59666} Levels of GluR1 (phospho-Ser845) are reduced following NMDA receptor activation in rat hippocampal slices and by amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers in primary mouse neurons.{59668,59669} Cayman’s GluR1 (Phospho-Ser845) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:32242 - 100 µl

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  • Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to human GluR1 (phospho-Ser845) • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Human • Cross Reactivity: (+) GluR1 (phospho-Ser845); (-) GluR1 without phosphorylation at Ser845 • Applications: IHC, WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:32242- 100 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to human GluR1 (phospho-Ser845) • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Human • Cross Reactivity: (+) GluR1 (phospho-Ser845); (-) GluR1 without phosphorylation at Ser845 • Applications: IHC, WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:32242- 100 µl
  • Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to amino acid residues from the N-terminal region of rat GluR1 • Host: Mouse • Species Reactivity: (+) Mouse, Rat • Applications: WB • MW = ~105 kDa  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29277- 100 µl
  • AMPA receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate excitatory synaptic transmission.{46957,46955} They are tetrameric protein complexes expressed throughout the central nervous system in both neurons and glia that are assembled from combinations of GluR1, GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4, also known as GluR-A-D, subunits, each of which has extracellular N-terminal and ligand binding domains, a channel domain consisting of three membrane-spanning helices and a channel pore loop, and an intracellular C-terminus.{46955,46956,46958,46959} The GluR1 subunit, which is encoded by GRIA1 in humans, is primarily expressed in the forebrain and hippocampus. Mice lacking the GluR1 subunit exhibit normal spatial reference memory but have deficits in spatial working memory.{46957} They also exhibit increased and decreased duration of nocifensive behaviors in phases I and II, respectively, of the formalin test, as well as increased duration of nocifensive behaviors in response to intraplantar injection of capsaicin (Item No. 92350), compared with wild-type mice.{55099} SNPs in GRIA1 have been found in patients with bipolar disorder with psychotic features.{46958} Elevated levels of GRIA1 mRNA have been found in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from patients with schizophrenia.{55100} Cayman’s GluR1 Monoclonal Antibody can be used for Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes GluR1 at approximately 105 kDa from mouse and rat samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29277 - 100 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to amino acid residues from the N-terminal region of rat GluR1 • Host: Mouse • Species Reactivity: (+) Mouse, Rat • Applications: WB • MW = ~105 kDa  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29277- 100 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to amino acid residues from rat GluR2, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Rat • Application: WB • MW = ~100 kDa  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29278- 100 µl
  • AMPA receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate excitatory synaptic transmission.{46955,46957} They are tetrameric protein complexes expressed throughout the CNS in both neurons and glia that are assembled from combinations of GluR1, GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4, also known as GluR-A-D, subunits, each of which has extracellular N-terminal and ligand-binding domains, a channel domain consisting of three membrane-spanning helices and a channel pore loop, and an intracellular C-terminus.{46955,46956,46958,46959} GluR1 and GluR2 are predominantly expressed in the forebrain with low levels of GluR3 and GluR4, and pyramidal neurons express AMPA receptors primarily comprised of heterotetramers of GluR1 and GluR2 subunits. GluR2 is encoded by GRIA2 and regulates AMPA receptor calcium permeability, assembly, trafficking, and single channel conductance.{46955,56145} It undergoes RNA editing at position 586, the Q/R site, to introduce an arginine residue that renders GluR2 subunit-containing AMPA receptors impermeable to calcium.{46955,56145,56146} Motor neurons isolated from Gria2-deficient mouse embryos exhibit increased calcium influx and increased susceptibility to AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity.{56146} Heterozygous knockdown of Gria2 accelerates motor neuron degradation and decreases lifespan in the SOD1G93A transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. GRIA2 expression is reduced in postmortem hippocampus from patients with chronic schizophrenia.{56147} Cayman’s GluR2 Polyclonal Antibody can be used for Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody detects GluR2 at approximately 100 kDa from rat samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29278 - 100 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to amino acid residues from rat GluR2, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Rat • Application: WB • MW = ~100 kDa  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29278- 100 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to amino acid residues from the C-terminal region of rat GluR2/3 • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Rat • Applications: WB • MW = ~100 kDa  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29279- 100 µl
  • AMPA receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate excitatory synaptic transmission.{46955,46957} They are tetrameric protein complexes expressed throughout the central nervous system in both neurons and glia that are assembled from combinations of GluR1, GluR2, GluR3, and GluR4, also known as GluR-A-D, subunits, each of which has extracellular N-terminal and ligand binding domains, a channel domain consisting of three membrane-spanning helices and a channel pore loop, and an intracellular C-terminus.{46955,46956,46958,46959} GluR1 and GluR2 are predominantly expressed in the forebrain, with low levels of GluR3 and GluR4, and pyramidal neurons express AMPA receptors primarily comprised of heterotetramers of GluR1 and GluR2 subunits. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons also express AMPA receptors composed of GluR2 and GluR3 (GluR2/3) that cycle into and out of synapses constitutively.{46952} Protein levels of GluR2/3 are decreased in postmortem enterorhinal cortex, frontal cortex, and Purkinje cell samples from patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.{46953} GluR2/3 protein levels are increased on the dendrites of dentate granule cells in postmortem epileptogenic hippocampus samples from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.{46954} Cayman’s GluR2/3 Polyclonal Antibody can be used for Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes GluR2/3 at approximately 100 kDa from rat samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29279 - 100 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Peptide corresponding to amino acid residues from the C-terminal region of rat GluR2/3 • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Rat • Applications: WB • MW = ~100 kDa  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:29279- 100 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 is a cell-permeable, reversible inhibitor of a mitochondrial glutaminase splice variant, glutaminase C (IC50 = ~2.5 µM), which is commonly found in cancer cells.{31957,31958} Through this action, glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 blocks transformation induced by Rho GTPases and inhibits the proliferation of non-invasive epithelial (T-47D and MDA-MB-361) and invasive mesenchymal (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T) cancer cells, without affecting normal cells.{31958,31955,31956} Glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 induces apoptosis and alters both histone methylation and gene expression in cancer cells.{31956}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 is a cell-permeable, reversible inhibitor of a mitochondrial glutaminase splice variant, glutaminase C (IC50 = ~2.5 µM), which is commonly found in cancer cells.{31957,31958} Through this action, glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 blocks transformation induced by Rho GTPases and inhibits the proliferation of non-invasive epithelial (T-47D and MDA-MB-361) and invasive mesenchymal (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T) cancer cells, without affecting normal cells.{31958,31955,31956} Glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 induces apoptosis and alters both histone methylation and gene expression in cancer cells.{31956}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 is a cell-permeable, reversible inhibitor of a mitochondrial glutaminase splice variant, glutaminase C (IC50 = ~2.5 µM), which is commonly found in cancer cells.{31957,31958} Through this action, glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 blocks transformation induced by Rho GTPases and inhibits the proliferation of non-invasive epithelial (T-47D and MDA-MB-361) and invasive mesenchymal (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T) cancer cells, without affecting normal cells.{31958,31955,31956} Glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 induces apoptosis and alters both histone methylation and gene expression in cancer cells.{31956}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 is a cell-permeable, reversible inhibitor of a mitochondrial glutaminase splice variant, glutaminase C (IC50 = ~2.5 µM), which is commonly found in cancer cells.{31957,31958} Through this action, glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 blocks transformation induced by Rho GTPases and inhibits the proliferation of non-invasive epithelial (T-47D and MDA-MB-361) and invasive mesenchymal (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T) cancer cells, without affecting normal cells.{31958,31955,31956} Glutaminase inhibitor compound 968 induces apoptosis and alters both histone methylation and gene expression in cancer cells.{31956}  

     

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    Cayman
    SKU:-

    Out of stock

  • Immunogen: Recombinant human Grx1 • Host: Goat • Species Reactivity: (+) Human • Applications: IHC, WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11545- 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Recombinant human Grx1 • Host: Goat • Species Reactivity: (+) Human • Applications: IHC, WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11545- 1 ea
  • Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase and member of the thioredoxin family encoded by GLRX1 with a role in the maintenance of cellular thiol redox homeostasis.{53968} It is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondrial intermembrane space. Grx1 is a dithiol Grx that contains two active site cysteine residues, which catalyze the deglutathionylation of protein disulfides and glutathionylated proteins to regulate redox signal transduction and repair oxidized proteins.{49701,53969,49702} Knockdown or overexpression of GLRX1 enhances or reduces, respectively, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HEK293T cells.{49703} Glrx1-/- mice have increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophage infiltration and lung glutathionylated protein levels induced by cigarette smoke compared with wild-type mice.{49704} Grx1 levels are decreased in postmortem brain from patients with Parkinson’s disease.{49702} Cayman’s Glutaredoxin 1 (human) Polyclonal Antibody can be used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) applications. The antibody recognizes Grx1 from human samples.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11545 - 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Recombinant human Grx1 • Host: Goat • Species Reactivity: (+) Human • Applications: ELISA, IHC, WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11546- 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Recombinant human Grx1 • Host: Goat • Species Reactivity: (+) Human • Applications: ELISA, IHC, WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11546- 1 ea
  • Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase and member of the thioredoxin family encoded by GLRX1 with a role in the maintenance of cellular thiol redox homeostasis.{53968} It is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to the cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondrial intermembrane space. Grx1 is a dithiol Grx that contains two active site cysteine residues, which catalyze the deglutathionylation of protein disulfides and glutathionylated proteins to regulate redox signal transduction and repair oxidized proteins.{49701,53969,49702} Knockdown or overexpression of GLRX1 enhances or reduces, respectively, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HEK293 T cells.{49703} Glrx1-/- mice have increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophage infiltration and lung glutathionylated protein levels induced by cigarette smoke compared with wild-type mice.{49704} Grx1 levels are decreased in postmortem brain from patients with Parkinson’s disease.{49702} Cayman’s Glutaredoxin 1 (human) Polyclonal Antibody – Biotinylated can be used for ELISA, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western blot (WB) applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11546 - 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Human Grx2, amino acids 41-164 • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Human • Applications: WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11544- 1 ea

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  • Immunogen: Human Grx2, amino acids 41-164 • Host: Rabbit • Species Reactivity: (+) Human • Applications: WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11544- 1 ea
  • Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase and member of the thioredoxin family encoded by GLRX2 with a role in the maintenance of cellular thiol redox homeostasis.{53968,53969} Alternative splicing of GLRX2 produces three ubiquitously expressed isoforms, Grx2a, Grx2b, and Grx2c, with Grx2a localized to the mitochondria and Grx2b and Grx2c in the cytoplasm and nucleus. It is a dithiol Grx that contains two active site cysteine residues and catalyzes the glutathione-dependent reduction of disulfides, acting as an electron donor for ribonucleotide or sulfate reduction, and regulating protein levels of glutathione mixed disulfides.{53969} In its inactive state, Grx2 is homodimer linked by a single [2Fe-2S] cluster, which acts as a redox sensor that drives monomerization and activation of Grx2 under conditions of oxidative stress, such as free radical formation or oxidation of the glutathione (GSH) pool.{53969,53970,53971} The oxidized active site in Grx2 is reduced by GSH and, unlike other eukaryotic Grxs, is also a substrate for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Grx2 catalyzes the reversible glutathionylation of mitochondrial complex I to regulate superoxide production and facilitates the reduction of protein disulfides, glutathionylated proteins, and other low molecular weight substrates under conditions of oxidative stress.{57138} Knockdown or overexpression of GLRX2 enhances and reduces, respectively, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Glrx2 knockdown increases high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, hippocampal inflammation, increases in body weight, and cognitive dysfunction in mice.{53972} Cayman’s Glutaredoxin 2 (human) Polyclonal Antibody can be used for Western blot (WB) applications.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11544 - 1 ea

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  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:11536 - 1 ea

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  • Cayman’s GSH assay kit utilizes a carefully optimized enzymatic recycling method, using glutathione reductase for the quantification of GSH.{3644,3649,4674} The sulfhydryl group of GSH reacts with DTNB (5,5′-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, Ellman’s reagent) and produces a yellow colored 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB). The mixed disulfide, GSTNB (between GSH and TNB) that is concomitantly produced, is reduced by glutathione reductase to recycle the GSH and produce more TNB. The rate of TNB production is directly proportional to this recycling reaction which in turn is directly proportional to the concentration of GSH in the sample. Measurement of the absorbance of TNB at 405 or 412 nm provides an accurate estimation of GSH in the sample. GSH is easily oxidized to the disulfide dimer GSSG. Because of the use of glutathione reductase in the Cayman GSH assay kit, both GSH and GSSG are measured and the assay reflects total glutathione. The kit can also be used to measure only GSSG by following an alternative protocol. GSH measurement can be done in plasma, tissue samples, and cultured cells using this kit. Nearly all samples require deproteination before assay.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:703002 - 480 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Cayman’s GSH assay kit utilizes a carefully optimized enzymatic recycling method, using glutathione reductase for the quantification of GSH.{3644,3649,4674} The sulfhydryl group of GSH reacts with DTNB (5,5′-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, Ellman’s reagent) and produces a yellow colored 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB). The mixed disulfide, GSTNB (between GSH and TNB) that is concomitantly produced, is reduced by glutathione reductase to recycle the GSH and produce more TNB. The rate of TNB production is directly proportional to this recycling reaction which in turn is directly proportional to the concentration of GSH in the sample. Measurement of the absorbance of TNB at 405 or 412 nm provides an accurate estimation of GSH in the sample. GSH is easily oxidized to the disulfide dimer GSSG. Because of the use of glutathione reductase in the Cayman GSH assay kit, both GSH and GSSG are measured and the assay reflects total glutathione. The kit can also be used to measure only GSSG by following an alternative protocol. GSH measurement can be done in plasma, tissue samples, and cultured cells using this kit. Nearly all samples require deproteination before assay.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:703002 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Glutathione (GSH) is the most prevalent low molecular-weight tripeptide thiol in animal cells. It serves as a primary cellular anti-oxidant and plays a fundamental role in the elimination of environmental toxins. During early apoptosis, cells may exclude GSH, causing a decrease in intracellular GSH levels. The intracellular level of GSH is thus used as an indicator of cell health. Cayman’s Cell-Based Glutathione Assay Kit (Blue Fluorescence) employs a cell-permeable dye, monochlorobimane (MCB), which reacts with GSH to generate a highly fluorescent product that can be measured using excitation and emission wavelengths of 380 and 480 nm, respectively. The kit can be easily adapted to screening programs for therapeutic compounds regulating intracellular GSH levels.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:600360 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Glutathione (GSH) serves as a nucleophilic co-substrate to glutathione transferase in the detoxification of xenobiotics and is an essential electron donor to glutathione peroxidases in the reduction of hydroperoxides.{8387,165,4672} GSH ethyl ester is a cell-permeable derivative of GSH that undergoes hydrolysis by intracellular esterases to release GSH.{25023} Effective transport of GSH ethyl ester has been used to protect cells against damage from radiation, oxidants, and various toxic compounds including heavy metals.{25024,25025}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Glutathione (GSH) serves as a nucleophilic co-substrate to glutathione transferase in the detoxification of xenobiotics and is an essential electron donor to glutathione peroxidases in the reduction of hydroperoxides.{8387,165,4672} GSH ethyl ester is a cell-permeable derivative of GSH that undergoes hydrolysis by intracellular esterases to release GSH.{25023} Effective transport of GSH ethyl ester has been used to protect cells against damage from radiation, oxidants, and various toxic compounds including heavy metals.{25024,25025}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Glutathione (GSH) serves as a nucleophilic co-substrate to glutathione transferase in the detoxification of xenobiotics and is an essential electron donor to glutathione peroxidases in the reduction of hydroperoxides.{8387,165,4672} GSH ethyl ester is a cell-permeable derivative of GSH that undergoes hydrolysis by intracellular esterases to release GSH.{25023} Effective transport of GSH ethyl ester has been used to protect cells against damage from radiation, oxidants, and various toxic compounds including heavy metals.{25024,25025}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:-
  • Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly) present a very high concentrations throughout living organisms (from 1 to 10 nM) and exists in three major forms: reduced sulphydryl (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), or bound to Cys residues in proteins (PSSG). From its first described role in heavy metals and xenobiotics detoxification, it is now known that GSH plays a key role in cell redox homeostasis, gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis mainly by binding to Cys residues in protein, known as protein glutathionylation (PSSG). GSH is used by glutaredoxin (Grx) to reduce disulfides. This reaction is usually coupled to the NADPH driven reduction of GSSG by glutathione reductase (GR). The ratio GSH/GSSG has been used as an indicator of the redox level in cells but this parameter can also be estimated by the quantification of PSSG. In fact, PSSG has the advantage of being more stable than GSSG. Within mammalian cells, glutathione exists mainly (>98%) in the thiol-reduced form (GSH). In fact the oxidized form, GSSG, is toxic in the cytosol and it is either reduced by glutathione reductase or exported from cells when its cytosolic concentration increases. Vice versa in plasma glutathione is present mainly as the oxidized form both as GSSG and mixed disulfides (Cysteinyl-glutathione and PSSG). This kit is designed to measure the amount of total glutathione (GSH+GSSG) in cells and tissue homogenates and the total amount (including GSSG and protein mixed disulfides with glutathione) in plasma.{35436} The assay is simple and sensitive based on eosinGSH that emits a strong fluorescent signal detectable at 545 nm after excitation at 520 nm.[IMCO Catalog FkGSH-01]  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:26404 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:703114 - 1 ea

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  • Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides, including hydrogen peroxides, by reduced glutathione and functions to protect the cell from oxidative damage. With the exception of phospholipid-hydroperoxide GPX, a monomer, all of the GPX enzymes are tetramers of four identical subunits.{7580,7585} Each subunit contains a selenocysteine in the active site which participates directly in the two-electron reduction of the peroxide substrate.{7580,7585} The enzyme uses glutathione as the ultimate electron donor to regenerate the reduced form of the selenocysteine.{7580,7585} The Cayman Chemical Glutathione Peroxidase Assay Kit measures GPX activity indirectly by a coupled reaction with glutathione reductase (GR). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG), produced upon reduction of an organic hydroperoxide by GPX, is recycled to its reduced state by GR and NADPH. The oxidation of NADPH to NADP+ is accompanied by a decrease in absorbance at 340 nm. The rate of decrease in the A340 is directly proportional to the GPX activity in the sample.{7579} The Cayman GPX Assay Kit can be used to measure all of the glutathione-dependent peroxidases in plasma, erythrocyte lysates, tissue homogenates, and cell lysates.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:703102 - 480 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides, including hydrogen peroxides, by reduced glutathione and functions to protect the cell from oxidative damage. With the exception of phospholipid-hydroperoxide GPX, a monomer, all of the GPX enzymes are tetramers of four identical subunits.{7580,7585} Each subunit contains a selenocysteine in the active site which participates directly in the two-electron reduction of the peroxide substrate.{7580,7585} The enzyme uses glutathione as the ultimate electron donor to regenerate the reduced form of the selenocysteine.{7580,7585} The Cayman Chemical Glutathione Peroxidase Assay Kit measures GPX activity indirectly by a coupled reaction with glutathione reductase (GR). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG), produced upon reduction of an organic hydroperoxide by GPX, is recycled to its reduced state by GR and NADPH. The oxidation of NADPH to NADP+ is accompanied by a decrease in absorbance at 340 nm. The rate of decrease in the A340 is directly proportional to the GPX activity in the sample.{7579} The Cayman GPX Assay Kit can be used to measure all of the glutathione-dependent peroxidases in plasma, erythrocyte lysates, tissue homogenates, and cell lysates.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:703102 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH).{7626} This enzyme is essential for the GSH redox cycle which maintains adequate levels of reduced cellular GSH. A high GSH/GSSG ratio is essential for protection against oxidative stress. The Cayman Chemical Glutathione Reductase Assay Kit measures GR activity by measuring the rate of NADPH oxidation. The oxidation of NADPH to NADP+ is accompanied by a decrease in absorbance at 340 nm. Since GR is present at rate limiting concentrations, the rate of decrease in the A340 is directly proportional to the GR activity in the sample. The Cayman GR Assay Kit is provided in a convenient 96 well plate format and can be used to measure GR activity in plasma, erythrocyte lysates, tissue homogenates, and cell lysates.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:703202 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are ubiquitous multifunctional enzymes, which play a key role in cellular detoxification. The enzymes protect cells against toxicants by conjugating them to glutathione, thereby neutralizing their electrophilic sites, and rendering the products more water-soluble.{8335} The glutathione conjugates are metabolized further to mercapturic acid and then excreted.{8335} Based on their sequence homology, substrate specificity, and immunological cross-reactivity, GSTs have been grouped into species-independent classes of isozymes.{8202,7934,8203,8387} These classes are comprised of cytosolic enzymes and the fifth form is microsomal.{8202,7934,8203,8387} The Cayman Chemical Glutathione S-Transferase Assay Kit measures total GST activity (cytosolic and microsomal) by measuring the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) with reduced glutathione.{7935} The conjugation is accompanied by an increase in absorbance at 340 nm. The rate of increase is directly proportional to the GST activity in the sample. The Cayman GST Assay Kit can be used to measure GST activity in plasma, erythrocyte lysates, tissue homogenates, and cell lysates. Cytosolic and microsomal GST activity can also be assayed separately.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:703302 - 96 wells

    Available on backorder

  • Cayman Chemical’s Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Polyclonal Antibody may be used to monitor expression of recombinant proteins tagged with GST (GST fusion proteins). A recombinant GST-tagged protein is expected to migrate 26 kDa slower than the non-tagged version in reducing SDS-PAGE. In general, GSTs are ubiquitous multifunctional enzymes, which play a key role in cellular detoxification, and researchers routinely utilize the enzyme to simplify the detection or purification of recombinant proteins.{8335}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10010013 - 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Purified GST (S. japonicum) · Host: Rabbit · Cross Reactivity: (+) GST and GST fusion proteins · Application(s): IP and WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10010013- 1 ea

    Available on backorder

  • Immunogen: Purified GST (S. japonicum) · Host: Rabbit · Cross Reactivity: (+) GST and GST fusion proteins · Application(s): IP and WB  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10010013- 1 ea
  • Antigen: purified glutathione S-transferase (S. japonicum) • Host: rabbit • Cross-Reactivity: (+) GST and GST fusion proteins • Application(s): IF and WB; other applications not tested  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10197- 500 µl
  • Cayman’s Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Polyclonal FITC Antibody may be used to monitor espression of recombinant proteins tagged with GST (GST fusion proteins). A recombinant GST-tagged protein is expected to migrate 26 kDa slower than the non-tagged version in reducing conditions on SDS-PAGE. In general, GSTs are ubiquitous multifunctional enzymes, which play a key role in cellular detoxification. Researchers routinely utilize the enzyme as a method to simplify the purification of recombinant proteins.{8335}  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10197 - 500 µl

    Available on backorder

  • Antigen: purified glutathione S-transferase (S. japonicum) • Host: rabbit • Cross-Reactivity: (+) GST and GST fusion proteins • Application(s): IF and WB; other applications not tested  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:10197- 500 µl

    Available on backorder

  • GLX-351322 is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4; IC50 = 5 µM).{61052} It is selective for NOX4 over NOX2 (IC50 = 40 µM). GLX-351322 (10 µM) reduces glucose-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxicity in isolated human pancreatic islets. It decreases blood glucose levels in an intravenous glucose tolerance test in mice fed a high-fat diet when administered in the drinking water at an estimated dose of 3.8 mg/kg per day.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:31523 - 10 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLX-351322 is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4; IC50 = 5 µM).{61052} It is selective for NOX4 over NOX2 (IC50 = 40 µM). GLX-351322 (10 µM) reduces glucose-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxicity in isolated human pancreatic islets. It decreases blood glucose levels in an intravenous glucose tolerance test in mice fed a high-fat diet when administered in the drinking water at an estimated dose of 3.8 mg/kg per day.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:31523 - 25 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLX-351322 is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4; IC50 = 5 µM).{61052} It is selective for NOX4 over NOX2 (IC50 = 40 µM). GLX-351322 (10 µM) reduces glucose-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxicity in isolated human pancreatic islets. It decreases blood glucose levels in an intravenous glucose tolerance test in mice fed a high-fat diet when administered in the drinking water at an estimated dose of 3.8 mg/kg per day.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:31523 - 5 mg

    Available on backorder

  • GLX-351322 is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4; IC50 = 5 µM).{61052} It is selective for NOX4 over NOX2 (IC50 = 40 µM). GLX-351322 (10 µM) reduces glucose-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytotoxicity in isolated human pancreatic islets. It decreases blood glucose levels in an intravenous glucose tolerance test in mice fed a high-fat diet when administered in the drinking water at an estimated dose of 3.8 mg/kg per day.  

     

    Brand:
    Cayman
    SKU:31523 - 50 mg

    Available on backorder