Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes depend on small signalling molecules for cell-cell communication. trans-Δ2-11-methyl-Dodecenoic acid is the conformational isomer of cis-Δ2-11-methyl-dodecenoic acid, a diffusible signal factor (DSF) in extracellular microbial and fungal communication systems.{13766} In a DSF bioassay, the minimum concentration of cis-Δ2-11-methyl-dodecenoic acid required for induction of a DSF biosensor was about 0.5 µM, which is 200-fold lower than that of trans-Δ2-11-methyl-dodecenoic acid and 20,000-fold lower than that of the corresponding saturated fatty acid (11-methyl-dodecanoic acid).
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trans-.DELTA.2-11-methyl-Dodecenoic acid is the conformational isomer of cis-.DELTA.2-11-methyl-dodecenoic acid, a diffusible signal factor (DSF) in extracellular microbial and fungal communication systems.{13766}
Formal name: 11-methyl-2E-dodecenoic acid
Synonyms:
Molecular weight: 212.3
CAS: 677354-24-4
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A crystalline solid
Product Type|Biochemicals|Lipids|Fatty Acids||Research Area|Lipid Biochemistry|Fatty Acids
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic trans-stilbene, is a known inhibitor of the activation of NF-κB and exhibits activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. CAY10512 is a substituted trans-stilbene analog of resveratrol that is 100-fold more potent as measured by antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB by CAY10512 is 0.15 µM compared to 20 µM by resveratrol.{14545}
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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