Tafluprost ethyl amide is derived from 17-phenyl trinor Prostaglandin F2α(17-phenyl trinor PGF2α). A number of 17-phenyl trinor PGF2α derivatives have been approved for the treatment of glaucoma.{8941,8322,8839,9311} Of these, the ones wherein the 13,14-double bond has been hydrogenated retain relatively good potency, but show a significantly reduced incidence of local irritant side effects.{9736} Alternatively, it was recently reported that analogs incorporating a 15-deoxy-15,15-difluoro modification also had a favorable ophthalmic activity profile.{11598} Tafluprost is a 2-series, 16-phenoxy analog of PGF2α with the 15,15-difluoro substitution. As a free acid, Tafluprost is a very potent FP receptor agonist (Ki = 0.4 nM).{11598} Ethyl amides of PGs tend to increase lipid solubility, to improve uptake into tissues and to further lower the effective concentration.
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A more lipid soluble derivative of Tafluprost, a very potent FP receptor agonist (Ki = 0.4 nM)
Formal name: N-ethyl-9α,11α-dihydroxy-15,15-difluoro-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-prosta-5Z,13E-dien-1-amide
Synonyms: Dechloro Dehydroxy Difluoro Ethylcloprostenolamide
Molecular weight: 437.5
CAS: 1185851-52-8
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A solution in ethanol
The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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