Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) mediate signal transduction from cell surface receptors to the nucleus and are classified into various subtypes. p38 MAPK is activated by environmental stresses and inflammatory cytokines and is critical for normal immune and inflammatory responses as it regulates the expression of many cytokines, transcription factors, and cell surface receptors.{14980} SB 203580 is a pyridinyl imidazole inhibitor of p38 MAPK that specifically blocks its kinase activity. SB 203580 does not however, disrupt JNK activity, which is activated by similar stressors to those which activate p38 MAPK.{15737} p38 MAPK activity in heat-shocked HeLa cells and osmotically stressed PC12 cells is inhibited by SB 203580 with an IC50 value of 0.6 µM.{15737} SB 203580 also prevents the activation of PKB/Akt by inhibiting phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) at IC50 values of 3-5 µM.{15738}
A specific, pyridinyl imidazole inhibitor of p38 MAPK that inhibits p38 MAPK activity (IC50 = 0.6 µM)
Formal name: 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[4-methylsulfinyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazol-5-yl]-pyridine
Synonyms: PB 203580|RWJ 64809
Molecular weight: 377.4
CAS: 152121-47-6
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A crystalline solid
Product Type|Biochemicals|Kinase Inhibitors|p38 MAPK||Product Type|Biochemicals|Small Molecule Inhibitors|Kinases||Research Area|Cell Biology|Cell Signaling|p38 MAPK Signaling
The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic trans-stilbene, is a known inhibitor of the activation of NF-κB and exhibits activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. CAY10512 is a substituted trans-stilbene analog of resveratrol that is 100-fold more potent as measured by antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB by CAY10512 is 0.15 µM compared to 20 µM by resveratrol.{14545}
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The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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