Estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ are ligand-activated transcription factors that mediate the actions of estrogen. Activation of ERα, but not ERβ, is required for the cardioprotective effects of estradiol. Propylpyrazole triol (PPT) is an ERα selective agonist with a 410-fold relative binding affinity for ERα (49%) versus ERβ (0.12%) and therefore activates gene transcription only through ERα.{14163,14165} In an in vivo rabbit model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, treatment with estradiol and PPT, but not diarylpropinitrile (a selective agonist of ERβ) significantly decreased the infarct size compared with vehicle.{14590}
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An ERα selective agonist with a 410-fold relative binding affinity for ERα versus ERβ
Formal name: 4,4′,4”-(4-propyl-1H-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)tris-phenol
Synonyms: PPT
Molecular weight: 386.4
CAS: 263717-53-9
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A crystalline solid
Product Type|Biochemicals|Receptor Pharmacology|Agonists||Research Area|Cardiovascular System|Cardiovascular Diseases|Myocardial Infarction||Research Area|Endocrinology & Metabolism|Hormones & Receptors|Estrogens & Progestins
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle progression and are therefore promising targets for cancer therapy. (R)-Roscovitine is a potent inhibitor of Cdk2/cyclin E with an IC50 value of 0.1 µM.{14988} It also inhibits Cdk7/cyclin H, Cdk5/p35, and cell division cycle (cdc)/cyclin B with IC50 values of 0.49, 0.16, and 0.65 µM, respectively.{14987,14988,14991} (R)-Roscovitine inhibits the growth of rapidly proliferating cells with an average IC50 value of 15.2 µM against a panel of 19 human tumor cell lines.{14988} In murine models of polycystic kidney disease, (R)-roscovitine effectively inhibited disease progression at doses of 50-100 mg/kg.{14564}
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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