2-Palmitoyl glycerol (2-PG) has been isolated along with the potent endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) from various tissues.{9610} Although 2-PG displays no intrinsic agonist activity on CB1 or CB2 receptors, it does potentiate the ability of 2-AG to inhibit adenylyl cyclase. 2-PG also potentiates the analgesic, hypokinetic, and anxiolytic effects of 2-AG in mice. This “entourage” effect has been attributed to the ability of compounds such as 2-PG to inhibit reuptake and/or compete with the active endocannabinoids for access to inactivating enzymes such as FAAH and monoglyceride lipase.{10671,9575} Palmitoyl serinol is a stable analog of 2-PG bearing an amide linkage in place of the labile glyceryl ester. This has the potential to enhance its “entourage” activities as a result of a prolonged in vivo half-life. Palmitoyl serinol is also an analog of C-16 ceramide. Incubation of neuroblastoma cells with palmitoyl serinol causes apoptosis with an IC50 of approximately 80 µM.{8954,10417}
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A stable analog of 2-PG bearing an amide linkage in place of the labile glyceryl ester which endows it with a prolonged in vivo half-life; also an analog of C-16 ceramide; causes apoptosis (IC50 = 80 µM) when incubated with neuroblastoma cells
Formal name: N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-hexadecanamide
Synonyms:
Molecular weight: 329.5
CAS: 126127-31-9
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A crystalline solid
The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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