Ochratoxin A-13C20 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of ochratoxin A (Item No. 11439) by GC- or LC-MS. Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin that has been found in Aspergillus and Penicillium.{21687} It increases lipid peroxide levels and the number of apoptotic cells, as well as reduces superoxide dismutase activity in rat kidney when administered at a dose of 120 μg/kg.{57301} Topical application of ochratoxin A (80 μg/mouse) induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and apoptosis in mouse skin cells.{21687} It also initiates tumor formation in a two-stage mouse skin tumorigenesis model. Ochratoxin A has been found as a contaminant in a variety of foods.{21686}
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An internal standard for the quantification of ochratoxin A by GC- or LC-MS
Formal name: N-[[(3R)-5-chloro-3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-(methyl-13C)-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-7-yl-1,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-13C9]carbonyl-13C]-L-phenylalanine-13C9
Synonyms: OTA-13C20
Molecular weight: 423.7
CAS: 911392-42-2
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A solution in acetonitrile
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle progression and are therefore promising targets for cancer therapy. (R)-Roscovitine is a potent inhibitor of Cdk2/cyclin E with an IC50 value of 0.1 µM.{14988} It also inhibits Cdk7/cyclin H, Cdk5/p35, and cell division cycle (cdc)/cyclin B with IC50 values of 0.49, 0.16, and 0.65 µM, respectively.{14987,14988,14991} (R)-Roscovitine inhibits the growth of rapidly proliferating cells with an average IC50 value of 15.2 µM against a panel of 19 human tumor cell lines.{14988} In murine models of polycystic kidney disease, (R)-roscovitine effectively inhibited disease progression at doses of 50-100 mg/kg.{14564}
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The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic trans-stilbene, is a known inhibitor of the activation of NF-κB and exhibits activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. CAY10512 is a substituted trans-stilbene analog of resveratrol that is 100-fold more potent as measured by antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB by CAY10512 is 0.15 µM compared to 20 µM by resveratrol.{14545}
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The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic trans-stilbene, is a known inhibitor of the activation of NF-κB and exhibits activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. CAY10512 is a substituted trans-stilbene analog of resveratrol that is 100-fold more potent as measured by antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB by CAY10512 is 0.15 µM compared to 20 µM by resveratrol.{14545}
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