Norfloxacin-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of norfloxacin (Item No. 25975) by GC- or LC-MS. Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 4 and 1 μg/ml for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively).{45096} It also inhibits the growth S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus, E. coli, Pasturella, and S. canis isolates from dogs (mean MIC50s = 0.25, 1, 0.03, 1, and 1 μg/ml, respectively).{39898} Topical administration of norfloxacin (0.1% v/v) reduces corneal ulcer size in a rabbit model of P. aeruginosa corneal infection. It also prevents encrusted cystitis in bladder and increases survival in a rat model of Corynebacterium group D2 infection when administered at a dose of 80 mg/kg per day.{45097} Formulations containing norfloxacin have been used to treat urinary tract and gynecological infections.
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An internal standard for the quantification of norfloxacin by GC- or LC-MS
Formal name: 1-(ethyl-1,1,2,2,2-d5)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
Synonyms:
Molecular weight: 324.4
CAS: 1015856-57-1
Purity: ≥99% deuterated forms (d1-d5)
Formulation: A solid
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic trans-stilbene, is a known inhibitor of the activation of NF-κB and exhibits activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. CAY10512 is a substituted trans-stilbene analog of resveratrol that is 100-fold more potent as measured by antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB by CAY10512 is 0.15 µM compared to 20 µM by resveratrol.{14545}
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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