Macitentan-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of macitentan (Item No. 23304) by GC- or LC-MS. Macitentan is a dual antagonist of the endothelin (ET) receptors type A and B (IC50s = 0.5 and 391 nM in a radioligand binding assay using recombinant ETA and ETB, respectively).{36210} Macitentan inhibits intracellular Ca2+ increases induced by the endothelin isoform ET-1 in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs; IC50 = 0.9 nM), contractions of isolated rat aortic rings (pA2 = 7.6 for ETA), and sarafotoxin S6c-induced contractions of isolated rat tracheal rings (pA2 = 5.9 for ETB). Macitentan increases plasma ET-1 concentrations in normotensive rats and decreases mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensive DOCA-salt rats (ED50 = 1 mg/kg). Oral administration (30 mg/kg per day) prevents development of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricle hypertrophy in a rat model of hypertension induced by monocrotaline (Item No. 16666). It also decreases the number of vascular and tubule-interstitial lesions and amount of glomerular damage in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (Item No. 13104). Formulations containing macitentan have been used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.{36211}
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An internal standard for the quantification of macitentan by GC- or LC-MS
Formal name: N-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-[2-[(5-bromo-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]ethoxy-1,1,2,2-d4]-4-pyrimidinyl]-N’-propyl-sulfamide
Synonyms: ACT-064992-d4
Molecular weight: 592.3
CAS: 1258428-05-5
Purity: ≥99% deuterated forms (d1-d4)
Formulation: A solid
The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic trans-stilbene, is a known inhibitor of the activation of NF-κB and exhibits activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. CAY10512 is a substituted trans-stilbene analog of resveratrol that is 100-fold more potent as measured by antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB by CAY10512 is 0.15 µM compared to 20 µM by resveratrol.{14545}
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The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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