The lipid mediator thromboxane (TX)A2 plays a key role in platelet aggregation and vascular and bronchial smooth muscle constriction. The actions of TXA2 are mediated by its specific G protein-coupled receptor, referred to as the TXA2 receptor or TP. Two isoforms, TPα and TPβ, are produced from a single gene, differ in their carboxyl termini, and form homo- and hetero-oligomers.{14489} While both isoforms signal through similar pathways, they differ in the modulation by certain agonists.{17467} L-655,240 is a potent antagonist of the TP receptor in vitro (IC50 = 7 nM).{17468,1099} It also is effective at blocking TP-mediated bronchoconstriction in vivo and platelet aggregation ex vivo.{17468} Whether the two TP isoforms differ in their sensitivity to L-655,240 is not known.
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A potent antagonist of the TP receptor (IC50 = 7 nM); blocks TP-mediated bronchoconstriction in vivo and platelet aggregation ex vivo
Formal name: 1-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-5-fluoro-α,α,3-trimethyl-1H-indole-2-propanoic acid
Synonyms:
Molecular weight: 373.9
CAS: 103253-15-2
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A crystalline solid
Product Type|Biochemicals|Receptor Pharmacology|Antagonists||Research Area|Cardiovascular System|Blood|Coagulation & Hemostasis
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle progression and are therefore promising targets for cancer therapy. (R)-Roscovitine is a potent inhibitor of Cdk2/cyclin E with an IC50 value of 0.1 µM.{14988} It also inhibits Cdk7/cyclin H, Cdk5/p35, and cell division cycle (cdc)/cyclin B with IC50 values of 0.49, 0.16, and 0.65 µM, respectively.{14987,14988,14991} (R)-Roscovitine inhibits the growth of rapidly proliferating cells with an average IC50 value of 15.2 µM against a panel of 19 human tumor cell lines.{14988} In murine models of polycystic kidney disease, (R)-roscovitine effectively inhibited disease progression at doses of 50-100 mg/kg.{14564}
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The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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