Farnesyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway and used in the biosynthesis of terpenes, terpenoids, and sterols.{8343} It also serves as a donor in post-translational isoprenylation of proteins.{24323} FPP has been identified as an antagonist of P2Y12 receptors (IC50 = 45 μM), attenuating platelet aggregation.{24324} It has also been shown to regulate adipocyte function as an endogenous PPARγ agonist.{24326} Additionally, because of a flexible hydrocarbon chain that enables different conformations, FPP is a promiscuous ligand for a subset of nuclear receptors.{24325}
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An intermediate in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway and used in the biosynthesis of terpenes, terpenoids, and sterols; also serves as a donor in post-translational isoprenylation of proteins
Formal name: P-[(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-yl] ester-diphosphoric acid, triammonium salt
Synonyms: FPP
Molecular weight: 433.4
CAS: 116057-57-9
Purity: ≥95%
Formulation: A solution in methanol:ammonium hydroxide (70:30)
The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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