Coniferyl ferulate is a monolignol conjugate that has been found in A. sinensis and has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and neuroprotective properties.{48827,48828,48829,48830} It is active against the Gram-positive bacteria B. subtilis and S. aureus.{48828} Coniferyl ferulate scavenges 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; Item No. 14805) radicals (EC50 = 3.6 µg/ml) and inhibits glutathione S-transferase (GST; IC50 = 0.3 µM for the human placental enzyme) in cell-free assays.{48829,48830} Coniferyl ferulate (10 and 50 µg/ml) reduces cytotoxicity induced by amyloid-β (1-40) (Aβ40) in PC12 cells.{48829}
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A monolignol conjugate; active against B. subtilis and S. aureus; scavenges DPPH radicals (EC50 = 3.6 µg/ml) and inhibits GST (IC50 = 0.3 µM for the human placental enzyme) in cell-free assays; reduces cytotoxicity induced by Aβ40 in PC12 cells at 10 and 50 µg/ml
Formal name: 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-yl ester
Synonyms:
Molecular weight: 356.4
CAS: 63644-62-2
Purity: ≥95%
Formulation: A crystalline solid
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle progression and are therefore promising targets for cancer therapy. (R)-Roscovitine is a potent inhibitor of Cdk2/cyclin E with an IC50 value of 0.1 µM.{14988} It also inhibits Cdk7/cyclin H, Cdk5/p35, and cell division cycle (cdc)/cyclin B with IC50 values of 0.49, 0.16, and 0.65 µM, respectively.{14987,14988,14991} (R)-Roscovitine inhibits the growth of rapidly proliferating cells with an average IC50 value of 15.2 µM against a panel of 19 human tumor cell lines.{14988} In murine models of polycystic kidney disease, (R)-roscovitine effectively inhibited disease progression at doses of 50-100 mg/kg.{14564}
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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