9(R)-PAHSA is a stereoisomer of 9-PAHSA (Item No. 17037), an endogenous lipid that belongs to a collection of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs).{27644} 9-PAHSA is a FAHFA in which palmitic acid (Item No. 10006627) is esterified to 9-hydroxy stearic acid. 9(R)-PAHSA is the predominant form that accumulates in adipose tissues in AG4OX mice, which overexpress Glut4 specifically in adipose tissue.{34387} Also, cell lines favor the production of 9(R)-PAHSA, and carboxyl ester lipase selectively hydrolyzes 9(S)-PAHSA (Item No. 18023).The use of this optically-active FAHFA product (the “Product”) is covered by U.S. Patent No. 10,240,025 and corresponding foreign counterpart applications. These patents and applications are licensed by Cayman pursuant to an agreement with BT Food, Drug and Personal Care, LLC, and this Product is sold exclusively for research and development purposes only. Product may not be used for human studies, veterinary use or diagnostics, clinical trial work, clinical diagnostics, or any other clinical trial or approval activities related to humans or animals. This limited label license does not grant any right to use the Product or a Product derivative in commercial products or services. This Product may not be re-sold, distributed, or repackaged unless by official Cayman distributors. For information on commercial rights, please contact the outlicensing department at jforest@biosynthetic.com.
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A stereoisomer of 9-PAHSA; the predominant form of 9-PAHSA that accumulates in adipose tissue in vivo; cell lines favor the production of 9(R)-PAHSA
Formal name: 9R-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-octadecanoic acid
Synonyms:
Molecular weight: 538.9
CAS: 2097130-84-0
Purity: ≥95%
Formulation: A solution in methyl acetate
Product Type|Biochemicals|Lipids|Fatty Esters/Ethers||Research Area|Endocrinology & Metabolism|Metabolic Diseases|Diabetes||Research Area|Lipid Biochemistry
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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