7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that has been found in tobacco smoke and diesel exhaust and has carcinogenic activity.{58173,58171} It undergoes metabolic activation by numerous enzymes, including the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoform CYP1B1, as well as microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), producing a variety of reactive metabolites that form DNA adducts in vivo, and it has been commonly used to induce tumor formation in various rodent models.{58171,58172,58173} DMBA increases proliferation and migration of, and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in, MCF-10A breast cancer cells when used at a concentration of 5 µM.{58174} It also has immunosuppressant activity, inhibiting proliferation of isolated mouse splenic B- and T cells stimulated ex vivo with LPS or concanavalin A (Item No. 14951), respectively, when administered at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg.{58175} Intragastric administration of DMBA (20 mg/animal) induces formation of mammary gland tumors in rats.{58176} DMBA (50 µg/animal), in combination with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA; Item No. 10008014), initiates papilloma formation in a rat two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis.{58177}
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A PAH with carcinogenic activity; increases proliferation and migration of, and induces EMT in, MCF-10A breast cancer cells at 5 µM; induces formation of mammary gland tumors in rats at 20 mg/animal; initiates papilloma formation in a rat two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis in combination with TPA
Formal name:
Synonyms: DMBA
Molecular weight: 256.3
CAS: 57-97-6
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A crystalline solid
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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