A common metabolic pathway for several prostaglandins (PGs), including PGD2, involves the reduction of the double bond between C-13 and C-14 and oxidation of the hydroxyl group at C-15, producing 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGs. The removal of four carbons at the α-terminus and oxidation of the terminal ω-carbon produces the abundant urinary metabolites, including tetranor-PGDM.{15162} 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-tetranor PGD2 is a potential metabolite of PGD2. It would be produced from the known metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGD2 (Item No. 12610), which is a known agonist for the CRTH2/DP2 receptor.{5248}
A potential metabolite of PGD2, presumably produced from the known metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGD2
Formal name: 9α-hydroxy-11,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranor-prostanoic acid
Synonyms:
Molecular weight: 298.4
CAS: 1204116-69-7
Purity: ≥95%
Formulation: A solution in ethanol
Product Type|Biochemicals|Lipids|Prostaglandins||Research Area|Lipid Biochemistry|Cyclooxygenase Pathway
The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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