Eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA)-d4 contains four deuterium atoms at the 1, 1′, 2, and 2′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of EPEA by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. Eicosapentaenoyl Ethanolamide (EPEA) is an N-acylethanolamide that inhibits dietary-restriction-induced lifespan extension in wild type and TOR pathway mutant nematodes.{19623} Produced endogenously from eicosapentaenoic acid, EPEA serves as a metabolic signal that couples nutrient availability with growth and lifespan. EPEA also has anti-inflammatory properties, suppressing the expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide.{19740}
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An internal standard for the quantification of EPEA by GC- or LC-MS
Formal name: N-(2-hydroxyethyl-1,1′,2,2′-d4)-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenamide
Synonyms: EPEA-d4
Molecular weight: 349.5
CAS: 946524-41-0
Purity: ≥99% deuterated forms (d1-d4)
Formulation: A solution in ethanol
The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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