Eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA)-d4 contains four deuterium atoms at the 1, 1′, 2, and 2′ positions. It is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of EPEA by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. Eicosapentaenoyl Ethanolamide (EPEA) is an N-acylethanolamide that inhibits dietary-restriction-induced lifespan extension in wild type and TOR pathway mutant nematodes.{19623} Produced endogenously from eicosapentaenoic acid, EPEA serves as a metabolic signal that couples nutrient availability with growth and lifespan. EPEA also has anti-inflammatory properties, suppressing the expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide.{19740}
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An internal standard for the quantification of EPEA by GC- or LC-MS
Formal name: N-(2-hydroxyethyl-1,1′,2,2′-d4)-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenamide
Synonyms: EPEA-d4
Molecular weight: 349.5
CAS: 946524-41-0
Purity: ≥99% deuterated forms (d1-d4)
Formulation: A solution in ethanol
The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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