Penicinoline is an alkaloid that has been found in Penicillium and has antimalarial, insecticidal, and anticancer activities.{53392,53393} It is active against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of P. falciparum (IC50 = 25 µM for both).{53392} Penicinoline (1,000 ppm) is also active against the aphid A. gossypii.{53393} It inhibits proliferation of 95-D and HepG2 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.57 and 6.5 µg/ml, respectively) but not HeLa, KB, KBv200, or Hep-2 cells (IC50s = >100 µg/ml).
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An alkaloid; active against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of P. falciparum (IC50 = 25 µM for both); active against A. gossypii at 1,000 ppm; inhibits proliferation of 95-D and HepG2 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.57 and 6.5 µg/ml, respectively) but not HeLa, KB, KBv200, or Hep-2 cells (IC50s = >100 µg/ml),,
Formal name: 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
Synonyms:
Molecular weight: 254.2
CAS: 1214268-60-6
Purity: ≥95%
Formulation: A solid
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The tetracycline repressor (TetR) is a transcriptional regulator which normally binds tightly to its palindromic tetO operator DNA, blocking gene expression.{17508} Tet causes the repressor to dissociate from the DNA, allowing transcription to occur. A novel reverse TetR (revTetR) requires tetracycline as a co-repressor to bind tetO and block transcription.{17509,17510} Anhydrotetracycline (hydrochloride) is a powerful effector in both the tetracycline repressor (TetR) and reverse TetR (revTetR) systems, binding the Tet repressor 35-fold more strongly than Tet.{17508,17511} Moreover, anhydrotetracycline poorly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit, compared to Tet,{17512} so it does not act as a general inhibitor of translation and is a poor antibiotic. Perhaps related to this, the concentration of anhydrotetracycline that inhibits eukaryotic cell growth is more than a 1,000-fold above the dose that alters transcription through TetR.{17508}
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Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle progression and are therefore promising targets for cancer therapy. (R)-Roscovitine is a potent inhibitor of Cdk2/cyclin E with an IC50 value of 0.1 µM.{14988} It also inhibits Cdk7/cyclin H, Cdk5/p35, and cell division cycle (cdc)/cyclin B with IC50 values of 0.49, 0.16, and 0.65 µM, respectively.{14987,14988,14991} (R)-Roscovitine inhibits the growth of rapidly proliferating cells with an average IC50 value of 15.2 µM against a panel of 19 human tumor cell lines.{14988} In murine models of polycystic kidney disease, (R)-roscovitine effectively inhibited disease progression at doses of 50-100 mg/kg.{14564}
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The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic trans-stilbene, is a known inhibitor of the activation of NF-κB and exhibits activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. CAY10512 is a substituted trans-stilbene analog of resveratrol that is 100-fold more potent as measured by antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB by CAY10512 is 0.15 µM compared to 20 µM by resveratrol.{14545}
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