trans-3’-Hydroxycotinine (3HC) is a product of CYP2A6 metabolism of the primary nicotine metabolite, cotinine (Item No. 15314).{26187,26185} Cotinine has a longer metabolic half-life compared to 3HC (16 hours vs. 5 hours).{26187} The ratio of 3HC to cotinine, termed the nicotine metabolite ratio, correlates with nicotine clearance from the body and is used as a biomarker of CYP2A6 activity.{26187} This measure of nicotine metabolism has been used to study tobacco and secondhand smoke exposure as well as to develop pharmacological intervention strategies for smoking cessation.{26187,26186}
A product of CYP2A6 metabolism of the primary nicotine metabolite, cotinine; as a biomarker of nicotine metabolism
Formal name: 3R-hydroxy-1-methyl-5S-(3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrrolidinone
Synonyms: 3HC
Molecular weight: 192.2
CAS: 34834-67-8
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A crystalline solid
Product Type|Biochemicals|Xenobiotic Metabolites||Research Area|Toxicology|Drug Metabolism|Cytochrome P450||Research Area|Toxicology|Drug Metabolism|Drug Metabolites
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The PtdIn phosphates play an important role in the generation and transduction of intracellular signals.{8344,4096,14518} PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin is an affinity probe which allows the PIP3 to be detected through an interaction with the biotin ligand. This design allows PtdIns-(3,4,5)-P3-biotin to serve as a general probe for any protein with a high affinity binding interaction with inositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PTEN, or PH-domain-containing proteins.
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic trans-stilbene, is a known inhibitor of the activation of NF-κB and exhibits activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. CAY10512 is a substituted trans-stilbene analog of resveratrol that is 100-fold more potent as measured by antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB by CAY10512 is 0.15 µM compared to 20 µM by resveratrol.{14545}
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