Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a primary mediator of many inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, toxic shock, and sepsis.{5958, 5957, 11088} TNFα functions as a trimer and promotes receptor trimerization to activate proinflammatory and/or apoptotic signalling pathways. {6769, 7215} SPD-304 is an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). that prevents binding to the TNF Receptor 1 (TNFR1) with an IC50 of 22 µM.{13640} It binds to the biologically active TNFα trimer and promotes accelerated displacement of a single subunit to rapidly inactivate the cytokine. In a cell based assay, SPD-304 inhibited TNFα-mediated stimulation of IKB degradation with an IC50 of 4.6 µM.{13640}
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An inhibitor of TNF-a that prevents binding to the TNFR1 (IC50 = 22 µM)
Formal name: 6,7-dimethyl-3-[[methyl[2-[methyl[[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-indol-3-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]methyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Synonyms:
Molecular weight: 547.6
CAS: 869998-49-2
Purity: ≥98%
Formulation: A crystalline solid
Product Type|Biochemicals|Small Molecule Inhibitors|TNF-α/NF-κB Signaling||Research Area|Immunology & Inflammation
The maintenance of embryonic stem cells in culture typically requires feeder cells and various exogenous factors found in serum. Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells can be maintained in the absence of feeder cells and serum but require the leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) to prevent differentiation and promote self-renewal. SC-1 is a small molecule activator of stem cell renewal that allows the propagation of OG2 mES cells for at least 10 passages in an undifferentiated state.{14533} The activity of SC-1 is mediated by the combined inhibition of RasGAP and ERK1 with Kd values of 98 and 212 nM, respectively.{14533} Inhibition of RasGAP increases Ras signaling via the PI3-kinase pathway which promotes self-renewal, whereas inhibition of ERK blocks differentiation.
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1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DPPC) is a zwitterionic glycerophospholipid commonly used in the formation of lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes for use in a variety of applications.{14480,24261,14478,14479} It has been used in the formation of proteoliposomes for implantation of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase into human erythrocyte membranes.{14478} Incorporation of glycosphingolipid antigens into DPPC-containing liposomes increases the immunogenicity of the antigens in mice.{14479}
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The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in immunity and inflammation, cellular stress responses, growth, and apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic trans-stilbene, is a known inhibitor of the activation of NF-κB and exhibits activity against a wide variety of cancer cells. CAY10512 is a substituted trans-stilbene analog of resveratrol that is 100-fold more potent as measured by antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB by CAY10512 is 0.15 µM compared to 20 µM by resveratrol.{14545}
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Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of cell cycle progression and are therefore promising targets for cancer therapy. (R)-Roscovitine is a potent inhibitor of Cdk2/cyclin E with an IC50 value of 0.1 µM.{14988} It also inhibits Cdk7/cyclin H, Cdk5/p35, and cell division cycle (cdc)/cyclin B with IC50 values of 0.49, 0.16, and 0.65 µM, respectively.{14987,14988,14991} (R)-Roscovitine inhibits the growth of rapidly proliferating cells with an average IC50 value of 15.2 µM against a panel of 19 human tumor cell lines.{14988} In murine models of polycystic kidney disease, (R)-roscovitine effectively inhibited disease progression at doses of 50-100 mg/kg.{14564}
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